Research Progress on the Relationship between Air Pollution and Socio-economic Growth in China

Air pollution is a hot issue studied by scholars all over the world.Academic circles generally believe that socio-economic factors such as extensive economic growth,unbalanced proportion of industrial structure and unreasonable energy consumption structure are the main"culprits"of serious air pollution in China.Therefore,the relationship between air pollution and socio-economic growth has very important theoretical and practical significance for air pollution prevention and control and promoting the sustainable and healthy development of cities.Through literature research and summary methods,this paper studies the severity and harmfulness of air pollution in China,and deeply studies the research progress of socio-economic influencing factors of air pollution,environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis of air pollution,decoupling relationship between air pollution and socio-economic growth,so as to provide useful reference for the prevention and control of air pollution.

Thoughts on Energy Solutions to Alleviation of Air Pollution during the Heating Period in Key Areas

Since the implementation of the Action Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control , all regions of China have steadily promoted the prevention and control of air pollution and achieved results continuously. However, the atmospheric environment in key areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta region, and Fenwei Plain is still severe, and especially during the heating period heavy pollution occurs frequently, which has become the focus and difficulty of improving the quality of the atmospheric environment and is also the weakest link of China s air pollution control at present. How to alleviate air pollution, how to win the battle of pollution prevention and control, how to hold the fruits of the blue sky defense war, energy consumption is key.

中国大气污染防治政策与空气污染治理——基于城市级面板数据的实证研究

2013年颁布实施的《大气污染防治行动计划》是我国首个针对环境突出问题开展综合治理的行动计划;为巩固治理效果,应对动态变化的环境问题,2018年国务院进一步发布了《打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划》。研究利用中国258个城市2013年1月至2020年9月日度空气污染数据,实证检验了上述两阶段政策对空气质量的影响,并从不同污染物治理效果、时间和区域异质性等角度分析了政策效应的差异。结果指出:第一,“大气十条”和“蓝天保卫战”均显著降低了AQI、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、NO_(2)、CO;第二,相比“大气十条”,“蓝天保卫战”对NO_(2)的减排效应更高,且实现对O_(3)的协同治理;第三,“大气十条”和“蓝天保卫战”对各污染物的减排效应因供暖时期、地区能源资源禀赋呈现出较强的异质性特征。

Impact of China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on PM2.5 chemical composition over eastern China

China promulgated the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan(the Action Plan)in 2013 and developed stringent control measures to mitigate fine particulate matter(PM2.5) pollution.Here,we investigated the PM2.5 chemical composition changes over eastern China associated with the Action Plan during 2013-2017 using satellite-based PM2.5 chemical composition data derived using CMAQ simulations and satellite inputs.The PM2.5 concentrations decreased considerably during this time as a result of the reductions in all chemical species in PM2.5.The population-weighted mean concentrations over eastern China decreased from 11.1 to 6.7μgm-3 for SO42-,13.8-13.1μgm-3 for NO3-,7.4-5.8μgm-3 for NH4+,9.9-8.4μgm-3 for OM,4.6-3.8μg m-3 for BC and 12.9-9.6μg m-3 for other species in PM2.5.SO42-had the largest reduction of 40%,while NO3-had the lowest reduction of 5%,resulting in a greater fraction of NO3-and a smaller fraction of SO42-in PM2.5.Among the three key regions,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei had the largest reduction in PM2.5 and its chemical compositions.The decrease in SO42-concentrations was in line with the reduction of SO2 emissions,and the major driver of the SO2 emission reductions was the industrial sector.The decrease in NO3 concentrations was limited because the decrease in SO2 emissions and the stable NH3 emissions facilitated the formation of NO3-from HNO3,which partially offset the reduction in NOx emissions driven by the power sector.To mitigate PM2.5 pollution more effectively,future efforts are needed to reduce NH3 emissions.

邻里噪声污染防治立法现状及江苏省立法建议

社会生活噪声污染来源多、成因复杂、影响范围广,对公众健康危害大。产生社会生活噪声污染纠纷时,其法律主体复杂,涉及部门多,受影响群众覆盖范围广,是社会各界较为关注的噪声类型之一。邻里噪声是社会生活噪声的重要组成部分。介绍了法国、德国、美国等国家邻里噪声的立法现状,我国国家层面有关邻里噪声的法律规定,以及地方邻里噪声的立法实践;系统分析了江苏省邻里噪声扰民的主要类型、特点和污染防治的现状;针对性地提出了邻里噪声污染防治的立法建议,可为江苏省噪声污染防治立法提供参考。

A Study of China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Policy Framework from a Policy Instrument Perspective

Environmental pollution caused by rapid economic development like that seen in China over the past twenty years poses various threats to human health. People have started to place much more of an emphasis on environmental security, working to find a balance between sustainability and economic growth. In recent years, air pollution has emerged as a highly discussed topic of social and environmental relevance in China, due in part to persistent smog that affects everyday life and causes serious harm to human health. Although air pollution is normally associated with human activity, is can be caused by natural processes such as eruptions and forest fires, but is always characterized by the release of certain substances into the atmosphere which, when present in certain concentrations or for given durations, can harm human health, daily life, productivity, and other aspects. In humans, it mainly affects the respiratory system, notably the lungs, as well as the immune system. A series of studies both in China and overseas have shown, in certain cases, even low concentrations of air pollution can pose a great threat to human health. In this study, we conducted an analysis of air quality policies, focusing on the 2018 revision of the People’s Republic of China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution(LPCAP). We utilized the content analysis method and Strauss and Corbin’s grounded theory to construct a policy framework, demarcate analysis units, code and classify policy texts, determine descriptive statistics, and analyze dimensional interactions. We used two dimensions(basic policy instruments classified as demand-, supply-, and environment-side;and air carrying capacity) to quantify and analyze the LPCAP, which enabled us to analyze the deficiencies and conflicts within policy instruments. The results show a higher utilization frequency of environment-side policy instruments, particularly regulation management and strategic measures. This reflects efforts by the government to create a favorable environment for improving air quality. Additionally, supply-side policy instruments are used far less frequently than environment-side policy instruments. Air quality legal policies and pollution control measures mainly consist of environment-side policy instruments;ecological thinking and air quality policies that are based mainly on supply-side and environment-side policy instruments;and social coordination policies that mainly use environment-side policy instruments. Based on the results of this study, we recommend an increase in the number of supply-and demand-side policy instruments, particularly the latter which includes promoting ecological thinking amongst citizens, to optimize and improve air pollution prevention and control policies.

“大气污染物和温室气体协同控制”政策的实施效果研究

推动减污降碳协同增效是深入打好污染防治攻坚战,实现碳达峰的必然要求。将《大气污染防治行动计划》和《打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划》视为一个连贯政策,运用渐进双重差分法探究了于2015和2018年提出的“大气污染物和温室气体协同控制”政策实施效果。研究表明:“大气污染物和温室气体协同控制”政策显著提高了“SO_(2)-CO_(2)”排放强度协同度和“PM-CO_(2)”排放量(强度)协同度,但该政策对“SO_(2)-CO_(2)”排放量协同度无显著影响。机制分析表明,提升政府监管水平、弱化政企关系以及增强企业绿色创新是政策的主要传导机制。异质性分析表明,政策效果在不同能耗水平的城市中具有显著差异,比起高污染上市公司,高耗能中小企业在污染物和CO_(2)的协同减排措施上仍存在较大改善空间。研究结论对我国优化“持续深入打好蓝天保卫战”相关政策提供启示。

沿空留巷Y型通风瓦斯运移规律及风量调控研究

沿空留巷Y型通风“两进一回”工作面和采空区尾巷存在瓦斯涌出问题,当瓦斯超限时,易诱发瓦斯爆炸等灾害。以山西东瑞煤矿沿空留巷工作面为研究对象,利用Fluent数值模拟软件,模拟沿空留巷Y型通风瓦斯运移基本规律,分析不同通风条件对瓦斯浓度分布的影响。结果表明:增加运输巷道风量使沿空留巷瓦斯浓度降低,增加辅运巷道风量使工作面瓦斯浓度降低;当总风量不变时,2条进风巷道的风量配比对工作面瓦斯浓度影响较大,对采空区瓦斯浓度影响相对较小。随着采煤工作面推进距离的增加,沿空留巷和工作面的瓦斯治理难度上升,最佳通风配比量由运输巷道向辅运巷道倾斜。在煤矿开采过程中,应不断调节进风巷风量配比来预防工作面和尾巷的瓦斯浓度升高,同时,还应提高采空区密闭程度、加强采空区的漏风管理。

国外农业面源污染防治法律制度研究及其对我国的启示

保护、改善生态环境就是保护和发展生产力,我国农业生态环境给农业生产带来巨大影响,我国农业面源污染长期面临严峻挑战。西方发达国家在农业面源污染防范、治理和救济方面比我国起步更早,技术水平更高,立法探索更多,出现了诸多可靠的法律法规和成功经验。他山之石,可以攻玉。我国应合理借鉴吸收它们的优秀成果和合理成分,为逐步减轻和消除我国农业面源污染,保护发展农业生产力提供法律支持和技术规范。

室内粉尘污染对人体健康的影响及防治策略研究

本研究旨在深入探讨室内粉尘污染对人体健康的影响,并提出了一系列有效的防治策略。通过文献综述和数据分析,发现室内粉尘污染与多种健康问题密切相关,强调了改善室内空气质量的紧迫性。为了降低室内粉尘污染的危害,建议采取综合性的控制措施,包括通风改善、定期清洁、过滤器使用等,以保护人体健康。此外,还将通过案例研究深入探讨不同环境下的室内粉尘污染问题和解决方法。

我国温室气体与大气污染物协同控制的法治路径研究

我国温室气体与大气污染物协同控制的实践状况表明,用法治路径实现二者的协同控制必要且可行。在探索温室气体与大气污染物协同控制法治化的过程中,我国取得了较好成果,但温室气体与大气污染物协同控制的法律体系仍不健全,法律制度供给不足且存在矛盾。同时,温室气体与大气污染物协同控制的法治路径方向存在一定的模糊性,其法治落实也并不充分。因此,我国应继续健全温室气体与大气污染物协同控制的法律体系,进一步明确温室气体与大气污染物协同控制的法治化方向,着力强化温室气体与大气污染物协同控制的法治落实。

掘进工作面多层螺旋喷雾降尘技术研究

为解决掘进工作面呼吸性粉尘的污染问题,提出一种将超声速气动喷嘴布置成螺旋状的多层喷雾降尘方法。以棋盘井煤矿掘进工作面为研究对象,采用离散元和有限元方法,通过COMSOL软件中的k-ω湍流模型和流体流动颗粒跟踪模型,建立多层螺旋喷雾降尘技术装置三维数值模型,得出了多层螺旋喷雾风流速度场,速度切面和水雾粒子轨迹的变化规律。模拟结果表明:掘进机截割头处风流速度较快,距离截割部越远,风流的速度越小,且截割头附近的风流非常紊乱;水雾粒子在喷嘴开启后会形成多层螺旋雾幕,20 s后螺旋雾幕覆盖到整个模拟的掘进工作面,且水雾粒子的粒径相较传统喷雾方法更小。

空气污染物暴露对儿童呼吸系统疾病发生的影响及防治措施分析

目的分析儿童呼吸系统疾病病发受到空气污染物暴露的影响及防治措施。方法回顾性选取2022年6月至2023年5月就诊闽清县总医院的儿童呼吸系统疾病患儿300例,分析基本资料,并分析儿童呼吸系统疾病和空气污染物的相关性、儿童呼吸系统疾病病发受到空气污染物的影响达到高峰的时间。结果闽清县空气污染物NO、SO_(2)、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)年均浓度分别为(29.30±4.10)μg/m^(3)、(38.10±6.56)μg/m^(3)、(61.01±12.80)μg/m^(3)、(61.32±14.85)μg/m^(3),PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)占主要地位。儿童支气管肺炎、支气管炎、急性扁桃体炎与空气污染物均呈正相关关系(P<0.05)。住院患儿每日呼吸系统疾病受到NO的影响达到高峰的时间为入院前1 d,SO_(2)的影响达到高峰的时间为入院前1 d,PM_(2.5)的影响达到高峰的时间为入院当天,PM_(10)的影响达到高峰的时间为入院前3 d。结论儿童呼吸系统疾病病发受到空气污染物暴露的直接影响,其中对支气管肺炎具有最大的影响,PM_(10)是最常见污染物,住院前3 d其有最大影响效应,临床可以据此采取有针对性的防治措施。

西双版纳州大气污染防治一体化平台建设及应用

云南边境城市近年春夏季污染天气频发,空气质量形势严峻,降低当地生态环境形象及生产生活质量,给当地产业和经济发展带来负面影响。以西双版纳州为例,借助物联网、AI视联网、卫星遥感、时空地理数据服务、移动互联网、大数据挖掘和云端一体化业务协同等先进技术,构建集数据采集、信息提取、智能分析、决策生成和统一指挥为一体的城市大气污染防治一体化平台。通过介绍平台系统架构和功能特点,以及阐述平台在2023年春季大气污染防治中的运用成效,为边境城市构建大气污染防治一体化平台,实现区域大气环境质量精细化管控提供良好的借鉴。

大气污染防治技术与对策研究

随着我国社会经济的发展以及生产力水平的提升,大气污染问题逐步加重,成为当下我国最主要的环境污染问题之一。大气污染防治技术的应用是大气污染治理工作中的关键内容,能够保障大气污染治理工作的有效落实,需要对大气污染防治技术以及具体防治对策进行研究。基于此,从来源以及危害的角度对大气污染进行概述,总结大气污染防治技术的要点,并结合大气污染防治的实际情况与需求,提出大气污染防治的有效对策,以供相关人员参考。

市区大气污染现状及治理对策分析

随着我国城市进程的快速推进,城市人口日益增加,城市空气污染问题日益突出,不仅对人民群众的生命安全造成了极大的威胁,也限制了城市的可持续发展。因此,在这种背景下,以临汾市为例,通过对临汾市空气污染现状及存在问题的进行分析,从优化能源结构、强化工业企业排放监管、加强环境监测能力建设等方面提出了改善临汾市空气污染的若干对策,以期能促进临汾市空气污染防治工作的进一步深入和发展。

济宁市污染源排放调查及大气污染防治对策建议

全国污染源普查是重大的国情调查,文章概况性地分析了济宁市第二次全国污染源普查成果,结合日常工作调研,从大气污染防治角度,提出深化产业结构调整、强化工业炉窑整治、提升工业锅炉治理水平、实施低效治理设施改造、实施水泥焦化超低排放改造等对策和建议,为全面打好污染防治攻坚战提供借鉴。

城市垃圾填埋场地下水污染的风险评价与防治

提高对于城市垃圾填埋场地下水污染的风险评价精度、地下水污染防治能力,可以有效地为城市垃圾填埋场的运行管理提供支持,减少地下水污染事故的发生。基于此,通过对比AHP法、熵权法,建立AHP-熵权综合赋权法,通过引入污染指数,验证AHP-熵权综合赋权法的适用性,并从渗滤液的产生、收集储存等方面提出地下水污染防治措施。

大气污染防治面临的挑战及措施研究

本文旨在研究大气污染防治面临的挑战及相关措施。文章首先介绍了大气污染的定义和分类,及其对环境和人类健康的影响。接着,分析了我国大气污染防治措施的实施情况。在此基础上,文章进一步探讨了大气污染防治面临的挑战,并提出一些应对挑战的措施。本文旨在促使相关人员深入了解大气污染防治问题,并为未来研究提供思路和参考。

基于区域联防联控的空气污染治理分析

大气污染已经成为现代社会所面临的严重挑战,对人类健康和环境造成了巨大的影响。本研究旨在分析基于区域联防联控的大气污染治理的意义、存在的问题以及相应的优化策略。首先,强调了大气污染治理的重要性和必要性,因为其直接关系到人类的健康和环境的可持续发展。大气污染不仅会导致呼吸系统疾病的增加,还会对大气层和生物多样性产生破坏性的影响。其次,有缺乏跨区域协作机制和规划、缺乏统一的监测和评估体系、污染物排放控制技术不足和资金与人力资源短缺等问题。最后,提出建立跨区域协作机制和规划、统一监测和评估体系、推进先进治理技术的研发和应用和加大财政支持和资源调配力度等优化策略,以确保治理工作能够顺利进行。