Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disorder that is more prevalent in children than in adults.China has seen an increasing prevalence of childhood asthma in recentdecades[1].Earlier studies have shown that air pa...Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disorder that is more prevalent in children than in adults.China has seen an increasing prevalence of childhood asthma in recentdecades[1].Earlier studies have shown that air particulate matter (PM),particularly fine particulate matter(PM2.5)[2],is an important factor triggering childhood asthma. Since nationalPM2.5data were nota vailabl euntil 2013,展开更多
Urbanization affects the quality of the air,which has drastically degraded in the past decades.Air quality level is determined by measures of several air pollutant concentrations.To create awareness among people,an au...Urbanization affects the quality of the air,which has drastically degraded in the past decades.Air quality level is determined by measures of several air pollutant concentrations.To create awareness among people,an automation system that forecasts the quality is needed.The COVID-19 pandemic and the restrictions it has imposed on anthropogenic activities have resulted in a drop in air pollution in various cities in India.The overall air quality index(AQI)at any particular time is given as the maximum band for any pollutant.PM2.5 is a fine particulate matter of a size less than 2.5 micrometers,the inhalation of which causes adverse effects in people suffering from acute respiratory syndrome and other cardiovascular diseases.PM2.5 is a crucial factor in deciding the overall AQI.The proposed forecasting model is designed to predict the annual PM2.5 and AQI.The forecasting models are designed using Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average and Facebook’s Prophet Library through optimal hyperparameters for better prediction.An AQI category classification model is also presented using classical machine learning techniques.The experimental results confirm the substantial improvement in air quality and greater reduction in PM2.5 due to the lockdown imposed during the COVID-19 crisis.展开更多
Tropical cyclones（TCs） constitute one of the major atmospheric activities affecting the air quality of the Pearl River Delta region. In this study, the impact of TCs on air quality in Hong Kong during the TC active ...Tropical cyclones（TCs） constitute one of the major atmospheric activities affecting the air quality of the Pearl River Delta region. In this study, the impact of TCs on air quality in Hong Kong during the TC active season（July–October） from 2000 to 2015 is investigated. It is found that 57.5% of days with concentration of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 10 μm（PM（10）） above the 90th percentile are related to TC activity. TCs in three regions, located to the east, southeast, and southwest of Hong Kong, have obvious impacts on pollutant concentration. When TCs are located east of Hong Kong near Taiwan, 65.5%/38.7% of the days have high or extremely high PM（10）/ozone（O3） levels, which are associated with northerly wind, sinking motion, and relatively low precipitation. When TCs are located southeast of Hong Kong, 48.1%/58.2% of the days have high pollution levels, associated mainly with continental air mass transport. When TCs are south or west of Hong Kong, only 20.8%/16.9% of the days have high PM（10）/O3 levels, and the air quality in Hong Kong is generally good or normal due to TC-associated precipitation, oceanic air mass transport, and an enhanced rising motion. The higher chance of high O3 days when TCs are present between Hong Kong and Taiwan, possibly due to lower-than-normal precipitation along the east coast of China under TC circulation. The results in this study highlight the important influence of TC position and associated atmospheric circulations on the air quality in Hong Kong.展开更多
In this study, PM10 and PM2.5 were measured in seven sites representing different activities (the same sites of EEAA monitoring stations) in addition to eighth site that used as a background. All results were higher t...In this study, PM10 and PM2.5 were measured in seven sites representing different activities (the same sites of EEAA monitoring stations) in addition to eighth site that used as a background. All results were higher than AQLs of EEAA, US/EPA, and EC although PM10 and PM2.5 are considered to be a direct cause of cardiovascular diseases as well as lead to death and it may be a reason for a number of chest diseases in short-term as well as long-term. Results were compared to the Air Quality Forecast system which developed by EEAA and AQI which created by US/EPA was calculated for some PM10 and PM2.5. Probable potential anthropogenic sources for such high concentrations of PM included unpaved roads, indiscriminate demolition and construction work, industrial activities, and solid wastes. This study resulted in a number of suggestions and recommendations include: 1) Implementation of integrated ISO 26000 and ISO 14001, 2) EIMP/EEAA monitoring stations need restructuring plan to cover all areas in Alexandria, 3) EIMP/EEAA must be supported with PM2.5 monitors, 4) PM control systems must be used in all industrial activities to reduce PM pollution from the source, 5) AQL of PM2.5 in the ambient environment must be reduced and it must be included in the working environment parameters, 6) Environmental law must be applied strictly, and 7) Multidisciplinary co-operation especially between environment and public health specialists must be increased.展开更多
The aerodynamic diameter of an air borne particle is the key property in determining its respiratory deposition. The study aim to assess PM2.5 level and its size distribution at 5 traffic junctions located along the l...The aerodynamic diameter of an air borne particle is the key property in determining its respiratory deposition. The study aim to assess PM2.5 level and its size distribution at 5 traffic junctions located along the lateral highway connected to NH-202. A cascade impactor has been used to measure the size function range of PM2.5 apart from PM10 of atmospheric dust particles in air being PM2.5 is concern with respect to effect on human health and is able to tend deeply into the respiratory tract reaching the lungs. It is observed that weight % of PM2.5 values are in the range of 40% - 60% of PM10 and few values of PM2.5 are exceeding the standards prescribed by CPCB. It is concluded that free flow of traffic is main concern and maintenance of road should be carried out during low traffic hours.展开更多
In this paper, we present the results of the evaluation of three low-cost laser sensor</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:""><...In this paper, we present the results of the evaluation of three low-cost laser sensor</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and comparison with the standard device Metone Aerocet 531s which is capable of counting dust particles as small as 0.3 μm. The sensors used in this study are PMS5003 (Plantower), SPS30 (Sesirion), SM-UART-04L (Amphenol). During the measurement, the overall trend of the outputs from the sensors was similar to that of the Aerocet 531s. The PMS5003 sensor has a relatively small standard error in the all particle measurement ranges (<15 μg/m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in the low particle concentration range). All sensors have a high linearity compared to data from standard equipment, PMS5003: PM1.0 R</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.89;PM2.5 R</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.95;PM10 R</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.87;SPS30 PM2.5 R</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.95 and PM10 R</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.99;SM-UART-04L PM1.0 R</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.98. Three main sensor calibration methods (single-point calibration, two-point calibration and multi-point curve correction) with implementation steps for each method as well as their practical applications in calibrating low-cost air quality sensors according to standard measuring equipment are also detailed illustrated.展开更多
Mexico and currently in Veracruz state, there are metropolitan zones (MZ) growing. Therefore, main objective in this paper is to analyze new data and AQ trends during 01.09.2013 to 30.06.2015 of two new AQ monitoring ...Mexico and currently in Veracruz state, there are metropolitan zones (MZ) growing. Therefore, main objective in this paper is to analyze new data and AQ trends during 01.09.2013 to 30.06.2015 of two new AQ monitoring stations installed in Xalapa and Minatitlan MZ in 2013-year. The methodology applied used quality criteria to the datasets, followed by data validation and statistics for further analysis to determine the hourly, weekly and yearly trends of NO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Indicators were compared with Mexican standards, CAI-LAC report, WHO guidelines, EU and USA standards to evaluate the AQ in both sites. We observed AQ trends from moderate to bad in Xalapa and Minatitlan MZ where the PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> surpassed the WHO guidelines and Mexican standards. O<sub>3</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> in Xalapa presented a quality from good to moderate and in Minatitlan sometimes were from moderate to bad. NO<sub>2</sub> did not exceed the value limits of Mexican standards, only Xalapa has exceeded the WHO guidelines. In Minatitlan, the Mexican limits were not exceeded. Concluding, PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations were the main problem. Others pollutants that influenced the AQ were O<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> in Minatitlan MZ due probably to meteorology, site conditions, location and oil and petrochemical industries. In Xalapa, MZ NO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> are attributed mainly to road transport.展开更多
基金supported by the Development Foundation of Shanghai Meteorological and Health Key Laboratory [QXJK201606]the Investigation of Science&Technology Basic Resources Program of China [2017FY101206]the General Program Foundation of Hebei Meteorological Bureau [17KY10]
文摘Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disorder that is more prevalent in children than in adults.China has seen an increasing prevalence of childhood asthma in recentdecades[1].Earlier studies have shown that air particulate matter (PM),particularly fine particulate matter(PM2.5)[2],is an important factor triggering childhood asthma. Since nationalPM2.5data were nota vailabl euntil 2013,
基金funded by grant number 14-INF1015-10 from the National ScienceTechnology,and Innovation Plan(MAARIFAH)+1 种基金the King Abdul-Aziz City for Science and Technology(KACST)Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.We thank the Science and Technology Unit at Umm Al-Qura University for their continued logistics support.
文摘Urbanization affects the quality of the air,which has drastically degraded in the past decades.Air quality level is determined by measures of several air pollutant concentrations.To create awareness among people,an automation system that forecasts the quality is needed.The COVID-19 pandemic and the restrictions it has imposed on anthropogenic activities have resulted in a drop in air pollution in various cities in India.The overall air quality index(AQI)at any particular time is given as the maximum band for any pollutant.PM2.5 is a fine particulate matter of a size less than 2.5 micrometers,the inhalation of which causes adverse effects in people suffering from acute respiratory syndrome and other cardiovascular diseases.PM2.5 is a crucial factor in deciding the overall AQI.The proposed forecasting model is designed to predict the annual PM2.5 and AQI.The forecasting models are designed using Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average and Facebook’s Prophet Library through optimal hyperparameters for better prediction.An AQI category classification model is also presented using classical machine learning techniques.The experimental results confirm the substantial improvement in air quality and greater reduction in PM2.5 due to the lockdown imposed during the COVID-19 crisis.
基金financially supported by the City University of Hong Kong(Shenzhen)Research Institute Postdoc Fellowshipthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.41675062)the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(Project No.City U 11306417)
文摘Tropical cyclones（TCs） constitute one of the major atmospheric activities affecting the air quality of the Pearl River Delta region. In this study, the impact of TCs on air quality in Hong Kong during the TC active season（July–October） from 2000 to 2015 is investigated. It is found that 57.5% of days with concentration of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 10 μm（PM（10）） above the 90th percentile are related to TC activity. TCs in three regions, located to the east, southeast, and southwest of Hong Kong, have obvious impacts on pollutant concentration. When TCs are located east of Hong Kong near Taiwan, 65.5%/38.7% of the days have high or extremely high PM（10）/ozone（O3） levels, which are associated with northerly wind, sinking motion, and relatively low precipitation. When TCs are located southeast of Hong Kong, 48.1%/58.2% of the days have high pollution levels, associated mainly with continental air mass transport. When TCs are south or west of Hong Kong, only 20.8%/16.9% of the days have high PM（10）/O3 levels, and the air quality in Hong Kong is generally good or normal due to TC-associated precipitation, oceanic air mass transport, and an enhanced rising motion. The higher chance of high O3 days when TCs are present between Hong Kong and Taiwan, possibly due to lower-than-normal precipitation along the east coast of China under TC circulation. The results in this study highlight the important influence of TC position and associated atmospheric circulations on the air quality in Hong Kong.
文摘In this study, PM10 and PM2.5 were measured in seven sites representing different activities (the same sites of EEAA monitoring stations) in addition to eighth site that used as a background. All results were higher than AQLs of EEAA, US/EPA, and EC although PM10 and PM2.5 are considered to be a direct cause of cardiovascular diseases as well as lead to death and it may be a reason for a number of chest diseases in short-term as well as long-term. Results were compared to the Air Quality Forecast system which developed by EEAA and AQI which created by US/EPA was calculated for some PM10 and PM2.5. Probable potential anthropogenic sources for such high concentrations of PM included unpaved roads, indiscriminate demolition and construction work, industrial activities, and solid wastes. This study resulted in a number of suggestions and recommendations include: 1) Implementation of integrated ISO 26000 and ISO 14001, 2) EIMP/EEAA monitoring stations need restructuring plan to cover all areas in Alexandria, 3) EIMP/EEAA must be supported with PM2.5 monitors, 4) PM control systems must be used in all industrial activities to reduce PM pollution from the source, 5) AQL of PM2.5 in the ambient environment must be reduced and it must be included in the working environment parameters, 6) Environmental law must be applied strictly, and 7) Multidisciplinary co-operation especially between environment and public health specialists must be increased.
文摘The aerodynamic diameter of an air borne particle is the key property in determining its respiratory deposition. The study aim to assess PM2.5 level and its size distribution at 5 traffic junctions located along the lateral highway connected to NH-202. A cascade impactor has been used to measure the size function range of PM2.5 apart from PM10 of atmospheric dust particles in air being PM2.5 is concern with respect to effect on human health and is able to tend deeply into the respiratory tract reaching the lungs. It is observed that weight % of PM2.5 values are in the range of 40% - 60% of PM10 and few values of PM2.5 are exceeding the standards prescribed by CPCB. It is concluded that free flow of traffic is main concern and maintenance of road should be carried out during low traffic hours.
文摘In this paper, we present the results of the evaluation of three low-cost laser sensor</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and comparison with the standard device Metone Aerocet 531s which is capable of counting dust particles as small as 0.3 μm. The sensors used in this study are PMS5003 (Plantower), SPS30 (Sesirion), SM-UART-04L (Amphenol). During the measurement, the overall trend of the outputs from the sensors was similar to that of the Aerocet 531s. The PMS5003 sensor has a relatively small standard error in the all particle measurement ranges (<15 μg/m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in the low particle concentration range). All sensors have a high linearity compared to data from standard equipment, PMS5003: PM1.0 R</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.89;PM2.5 R</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.95;PM10 R</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.87;SPS30 PM2.5 R</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.95 and PM10 R</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.99;SM-UART-04L PM1.0 R</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.98. Three main sensor calibration methods (single-point calibration, two-point calibration and multi-point curve correction) with implementation steps for each method as well as their practical applications in calibrating low-cost air quality sensors according to standard measuring equipment are also detailed illustrated.
文摘Mexico and currently in Veracruz state, there are metropolitan zones (MZ) growing. Therefore, main objective in this paper is to analyze new data and AQ trends during 01.09.2013 to 30.06.2015 of two new AQ monitoring stations installed in Xalapa and Minatitlan MZ in 2013-year. The methodology applied used quality criteria to the datasets, followed by data validation and statistics for further analysis to determine the hourly, weekly and yearly trends of NO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Indicators were compared with Mexican standards, CAI-LAC report, WHO guidelines, EU and USA standards to evaluate the AQ in both sites. We observed AQ trends from moderate to bad in Xalapa and Minatitlan MZ where the PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> surpassed the WHO guidelines and Mexican standards. O<sub>3</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> in Xalapa presented a quality from good to moderate and in Minatitlan sometimes were from moderate to bad. NO<sub>2</sub> did not exceed the value limits of Mexican standards, only Xalapa has exceeded the WHO guidelines. In Minatitlan, the Mexican limits were not exceeded. Concluding, PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations were the main problem. Others pollutants that influenced the AQ were O<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> in Minatitlan MZ due probably to meteorology, site conditions, location and oil and petrochemical industries. In Xalapa, MZ NO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> are attributed mainly to road transport.
