Modeling and Optimization of Solar Collector Design for the Improvement of Solar-Air Source Heat Pump Building Heating System

To enhance system stability,solar collectors have been integrated with air-source heat pumps.This integration facilitates the concurrent utilization of solar and air as energy sources for the system,leading to an improvement in the system’s heat generation coefficient,overall efficiency,and stability.In this study,we focus on a residential building located in Lhasa as the target for heating purposes.Initially,we simulate and analyze a solar-air source heat pump combined heating system.Subsequently,while ensuring the system meets user requirements,we examine the influence of solar collector installation angles and collector area on the performance of the solar-air source heat pump dual heating system.Through this analysis,we determine the optimal installation angle and collector area to optimize system performance.

Research on Operation Optimization of Heating System Based on Electric Storage Coupled Solar Energy and Air Source Heat Pump

For heating systems based on electricity storage coupled with solar energy and an air source heat pump(ECSA),choosing the appropriate combination of heat sources according to local conditions is the key to improving economic efficiency.In this paper,four cities in three climatic regions in China were selected,namely Nanjing in the hot summer and cold winter region,Tianjin in the cold region,Shenyang and Harbin in the severe cold winter region.The levelized cost of heat(LCOH)was used as the economic evaluation index,and the energy consumption and emissions of different pollutants were analyzed.TRNSYS software was used to simulate and analyze the system performance.The Hooke-Jeeves optimization algorithm and GenOpt software were used to optimize the system parameters.The results showed that ECSA systemhad an excellent operation effect in cold region and hot summer and cold winter region.Compared with ECS system,the systemenergy consumption,and the emission of different pollutants of ECSA system can be reduced by a maximum of 1.37 times.In cold region,the initial investment in an air source heat pump is higher due to the lower ambient temperature,resulting in an increase in the LOCH value of ECSA system.After the LOCH value of ECSA system in each region was optimized,the heating cost of the system was reduced,but also resulted in an increase in energy consumption and the emission of different pollutant gases.

Operating performance of novel reverse-cycle defrosting method based on thermal energy storage for air source heat pump

To solve the fundamental problem of insufficient heat available during defrosting while ensuring the efficient and safe system operation for air-source heat pumps (ASHPs). A novel reverse-cycle defrosting (NRCD) method based on thermal energy storage to eliminate frost off the outdoor coil surface was developed. Comparative experiments using both the stand reverse cycle defrosting (SRCD) method and the NRCD method were carried out on an experimental ASHP unit with a nominal 2.5 kW heating capacity. The results indicate that during defrosting operation, using the NRCD method improves discharge and suction pressures by 0.24 MPa and 0.19 MPa, respectively, shortens defrosting duration by 60%, and reduces the defrosting energy consumption by 48.1% in the experimental environment, compared with those by the use of SRCD method. Therefore, using the NRCD method can shorten the defrosting duration, improve the indoor thermal comfort, and reduce the defrosting energy consumption in defrosting.

Operation Performance of Air Source Heat Pump System for Space Heating in Tianjin

An air source heat pump system (ASHPS) used in an office building is set up and studied experimentally. Its operating performance in winter is evaluated based on test data and a comparative discussion is given on the effect of climate conditions and heating load ratio on the operation behavior. Then heating capacity variation caused by evaporator frosting is analyzed as well. Finally, the defrosting parameters and the technical feasibility are studied for a constant heating demand. The experimental results indicate that both the outlet water temperature drop and the system COP should be taken into account when setting defrosting parameters, and ASHPS is a viable technology for space heating and hot-water production in winter in Tianjin, which can maintain the room temperature above 19 ℃ when the outdoor temperature is -2 ℃.

Refrigerant Control Strategies for Residential Air-Conditioning and Heat-Pump System

This paper simulated the optimal refrigerant charge inventory of a refrigeration system in air-conditioning operation and heat-pump operation respectively,and studied the refrigerant control strategies in this system.The void fraction in two-phase fluid region was calculated by Harms model.And based on distributed parameter model and Harms model,the refrigerant charge inventory in condenser and evaporator were calculated and analyzed in air-conditioning conditions and heat-pump conditions,respectively.The calculating results of different refrigerant mass between refrigeration and heating conditions indicate that the optimal refrigerant charge inventory in heat-pump conditions is lower than that in air-conditioning conditions.To avoid the decrease of COP due to the surplus refrigerant in heating conditions,we introduced the liquid reservoir control method and associate capillary control method.Both of them could increase the heating capacity of the air-source heat pump.The difference of optimal refrigerant charge inventory in air-conditioning and heat-pump system can be controlled by the liquid reservoir or the associate capillary.

基于ANFIS的太阳能-空气源热泵供暖系统温度控制研究

针对太阳能-空气源热泵供暖系统运行环境复杂多变,模糊控制器的设计高度依赖人工经验的问题,提出一种基于自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)改进的模糊控制方法。该方法利用ANFIS在复杂系统建模中的优势,结合供暖系统温度响应特性和实际运行数据,建立联合供暖系统变工况ANFIS模型,生成与系统性能适配的模糊规则库并传递给模糊控制器执行。Matlab/Simulink仿真对比试验表明,与单一的模糊控制相比,该方法的控制精度提高了17.65%,调节时间缩短了36.4%,具有更高的控制精度和响应速度。

太阳能-空气源热泵牧草干燥系统制热性能研究

以太阳能-空气源热泵牧草干燥系统为研究对象,通过系统不同工作模式的温升、恒温制热试验及带载试验,分析了温升速率、单位温升能耗、COP及除湿效率。研究结果表明:联合制热模式与太阳能单独制热相比,单位温升耗电量降低了86.2%,温升速率提高了99~112倍。联合制热模式与热泵单独制热试验相比,在温升过程中温升速率降低了7.7%~17.6%,单位温升耗电量降低8.0%;在恒温制热过程中,前者COP比后者提高了6.5%~11.1%,耗电量降低了5.8%~10.7%;在升温制热过程中前者COP比后者提高了6.0%~10.4%,耗电量降低了6.6%~11.1%。联合干燥模式比热泵单独干燥模式的SMER值高19.8%~36.2%。

严寒地区空气源热泵耦合电磁能系统模拟运行研究

目的 为了促进空气源热泵耦合电磁能供热系统在严寒地区住宅建筑中的应用,研究该系统的运行性能和稳定性。方法 以沈阳地区某住宅建筑为例,应用Trnsys软件建立了空气源热泵耦合电磁能供热系统仿真模型,并用实测值对模型进行了验证;深入探讨空气源热泵耦合电磁能供热系统在供热期的运行特点,并与空气源热泵和电磁能供热系统分别进行比较。结果 空气源热泵耦合电磁能供热系统模型可靠,相对误差可以控制在15%以内;在供热期,室内平均温度可保持在17.97~21.84℃;空气源热泵耦合电磁能供热系统比电磁能供热系统的COP提高了59.17%,空气源热泵耦合电磁能供热系统CO_(2)减排量比空气源热泵和电磁能供热系统分别提高1.47%和59.50%。结论 空气源热泵耦合电磁能供热系统运行和COP变化更为稳定,系统环境效益更佳,室内热舒适性更高。

具有防融霜装置的蒸发器结霜特性及性能仿真研究

以具有防融霜装置的蒸发器为研究对象,建立基于理想最小防融霜补热量和结霜量无量纲关联式的空气源热泵动态模型,并依据实验数据验证其精确性,通过数值模拟分析不同环境参数对具有防融霜装置的蒸发器性能的影响。结果表明:后置式与跨越式系统蒸发器换热系数要高于前置式与传统电辅热系统,霜层厚度更小,分布更均匀;当相对湿度一定时,蒸发器换热系数随温度升高而增大;当空气温度不变时,换热系数随相对湿度的下降而减小,霜层更均匀;温度对蒸发器换热系数的影响比相对湿度更大。

基于正交试验法的太阳能复合热水系统优化

为降低生活热水能耗,实现空气源热泵辅助太阳能供热水系统的高效节能运行,选取济南市某高校学生宿舍空气源热泵辅助太阳能供热水系统作为研究对象,利用瞬时系统模拟软件搭建了系统仿真模型,并采用无交互作用的正交试验法,分别以全年系统性能系数和太阳能保证率为优化目标,优化了太阳能集热器面积、集热器倾角、热泵制热功率及水箱容积,并分析其结果的经济性和节能性。结果表明:当以系统性能系数为优化目标时,最优组合中集热器面积为390 m^(2)、集热器倾角为42°、热泵制热功率为50 kW、水箱容积为23.94 m3,而动态费用年值为7.38万元,较天然气系统年节省标煤为17.12 tce;当以太阳能保证率为优化目标时,最优组合中集热器面积为342 m^(2)、集热器倾角为44°、热泵制热功率为35.5 kW、水箱容积为20.58 m3,而动态费用年值为6.56万元,较天然气系统年节省标煤为16.63 tce。

基于聚光光伏光热的太阳能供暖系统性能优化

以北京市某办公建筑为供暖对象,提出由聚光光伏光热单元、光伏单元以及空气源热泵(CPVT-PV-ASHP)耦合的清洁供暖系统。基于Trnsys和Grasshopper平台搭建系统的动态仿真模型和优化模型,以CPVT光伏电池板面积为决策变量,采用超体积计算法(HypE)求解,探究系统在节能性、经济性和改善热泵性能方面的平衡。结果显示,在空冷型CPVT和水冷型CPVT中光伏电池板面积分别为10.9 m^(2)和2.3 m^(2)时取得最优解。此时系统的一次能源消耗量为-1 016.1千克标准煤,热泵平均能效比(COP)为3.72,投资回报周期为2.95年。与其他系统相比,CPVT-PV-ASHP系统在节约能耗、改善热泵性能等方面优势显著。

超低温空气源热泵与太阳能供热系统在寒冷地区的优化应用

为了加强对环境的保护,推动可持续发展社会的建设,超低温空气源热泵联合太阳能供热系统被研发出来。该联合系统的应用极大地缓解了当前能源紧张的问题,同时对降低环境污染、提高能源利用率、降低供暖成本也有着积极的作用。基于此,围绕超低温空气热源泵与太阳能供热系统展开论述,对当前超低温空气源热泵与太阳能联合供热系统结构进行分析,剖析其中所存在的问题,同时针对问题提出超低温空气源热泵与太阳能供热系统的优化方案,将其应用于北方寒冷地区的一建筑当中,并对应用效果进行分析。

冷凝器面积对空气源热泵制热性能的影响研究

目的研究低温条件下空气源热泵的烘干性能。方法论文主要采用焓差法研究在换热面积和室外温度(温度为7、−12、−20℃,相对湿度为65%)不同时,空气源热泵的制热量、输入功率、能效等性能。结果在7℃环境中,增加室内侧换热器面积,热泵的制热量提高了19%,系统能效提升了14%,但输入功率增加了5%;在−12~−20℃环境中,增加室内侧换热器面积,热泵的制热量提升了5%,系统能效提升明显,最大可提升27%,输入功率最大降低为17%。结论增加室内侧换热器面积,系统焓差降低,但是能提高系统在低温下的循环风量,制热性能更加优异。

某住宅建筑空气源热泵采暖系统能耗优化分析

针对青岛某户式空气源热泵系统冬季供暖测试中存在的问题,如房间温度超标、无人时房间也开启供暖等,进一步对系统的运行控制进行了优化模拟。通过调整室内温度设定值及考虑房间使用时间等,分析了不同控制方式下的系统能耗情况。结合房间实际使用情况,建筑2层房间仅在周末时使用,对此进行了房间供暖末端的启停设置。在采暖设定温度与实测温度相同时,通过关闭2层不使用的房间供暖末端进行系统控制,单位建筑面积能耗和电耗分别下降21.1%和20.9%。当供暖季所有房间供暖末端开启时,室内温度均按照集中供热室内设计采暖温度18℃设定,单位面积能耗和电耗分别为81.7 kW·h/m^(2)、22.1 kW·h/m^(2),较实际系统下降了23.7%、21.4%;当房间2层供暖末端仅周末开启时,室内温度设定为18℃,单位建筑面积能耗和电耗分别降低为58.4 kW·h/m^(2)、15.5 kW·h/m^(2)。与实测能耗相比,通过运行优化控制,单位建筑面积供热量最大可降低45.4%,耗电量降低44.9%。相关分析结果为空气源热泵户式独立供暖系统的节能运行提供了参考。

Design and analysis of a novel dual source vapor injection heat pump using exhaust and ambient air

A novel dual source vapor injection heat pump(DSVIHP)using exhaust and ambient air is proposed.The air exhausted from the building first releases energy to the medium-pressure evaporator and is then mixed with the ambient air to heat the low-pressure evaporator.A vapor injection(VI)compressor of two inlets is connected with the low and medium pressure evaporators.It’s first time that a VI compressor is employed to recover the ventilation heat.The system can minimize the ventilation heat loss and provide a unique defrosting approach by using the exhaust waste heat.Fundamentals of the proposed DSVIHP are illustrated.Mathematical models are built.Both energetic and exergetic analyses are carried out under variable conditions.The results indicate that the DSVIHP has superior thermodynamic performance.The superiority is more appreciable at a lower ambient temperature.It has a higher COP than the conventional vapor injection heat pump and air source heat pump by 11.3%and 23.2%respectively at an ambient temperature of-10°C and condensation temperature of 45°C.The waste heat recovery ratio from the exhaust air is more than 100%.The novel DSVIHP has great potential in the cold climate area application.

基于霜层测量的空气源热泵除霜技术研究进展

空气源热泵的高效除霜是技术难题,准确测量霜层厚度可为除霜控制提供最可靠依据。总结和分析了现有基于霜层测量的除霜技术手段,包括数字千分尺、游标尺、扫描探针显微镜、激光测厚、中子射线、光电转换、传感器、图像处理、声学信号和人工智能等,对其各自优势及局限性进行了比较分析,为今后空气源热泵基于霜层测量的除霜控制研究提供参考。

阵列低环温空气源热泵外流场模拟研究

建立了无墙面阻碍和有墙面阻碍情况下低环境温度空气源热泵六列四行的阵列物理模型,对以261.15 K为名义工况下的空气源热泵外环境流场进行三维数值模拟。对比研究不同水平风速下蒸发器换热面入口空气温度和换热量,分析冷风回流现象对低环温空气源热泵传热性能的影响,指出最恶劣工况机组的位置。环境风存在阻碍风机出口冷空气的扩散,使风机出口偏转角增大,导致冷空气在风机上部堆积,阵列内部以及背风侧的机组冷风回流现象更加明显。结果表明:当机组横向间距为0.6 m时,水平风速分别从0 m/s增至5 m/s,阵列机组最低入口空气温度比环境温度低2.44~3.69 K,平均换热量下降1%~6.2%,平均入口空气温度比环境温度低0.78~1.57 K;当机组距墙间距为0.6 m时,水平风速分别从0 m/s增至5 m/s,阵列机组最低入口空气温度比环境温度低3.51~4.14 K,平均换热量下降5.9%~11.5%,平均入口空气温度比环境温度低1.29~1.98 K。在此基础上对不同横向间距、不同距墙间距下阵列空气源热泵进行模拟,结果表明:增大横向间距或距墙间距均能改善阵列低环温空气源热泵机组的换热。当横向间距增至1.2 m,阵列机组平均换热量可达原来机组换热量的96.5%以上;距墙间距增至1.2 m,阵列机组平均换热量可达原来机组换热量的91.3%以上。横向间距或距墙间距为1.2 m为较好安装间距。

高效空气源热泵式烤房优化设计

针对普通燃煤烤房能源消耗大、污染环境和生物质燃料烤房存在较大的安全隐患等问题,对普通烤房进行改造,引入空气源热泵系统,利用流体力学软件FLUENT对烤房不同气流形式结构、装烟室地面分风坡结构、加热室底部导流板结构的烘烤过程进行数值模拟,以获得烘烤性能最优的烤房结构形式;同时对温湿度控制系统进行设计,以实现烤房温湿度的精准调控,最后开展节能应用效果和温湿度操控性能正交试验。试验结果表明:所设计的空气源热泵烤房与普通燃煤烤房和生物质燃料烤房相比,能源消耗减少,平均烘干1 kg烟叶可分别节约0.77元和0.35元,烟农节能增收成效显著;在温湿度调节上更加准确灵敏,烟叶烘烤质量明显提高。

融霜工况影响下空气源热泵机组频率控制系统

空气源热泵机组在融霜工况下,由于外部环境温度低,机组内部的水箱和管路可能会结霜,导致传热效率下降、能耗增加,使得频率控制不精准。为此,设计融霜工况影响下空气源热泵机组频率控制系统。设计PLC频率控制结构、频率控制中央处理器与PID控制阀门,联合控制热源侧水泵变频。计算机组结霜量,获取换热器的有效集热量。基于分段调节思想,利用计算机调整侧水泵出水量和调节参数,计算融霜启动调频速度。由实验结果可知,所设计系统在不同融霜工况下控制效果与实际最为接近,控制结果误差最大仅为0.1 Hz,能够实现精准控制频率。

“双碳”目标下河北省农村取暖的低碳转型实施路径研究

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