Effect of Working Experience on Air Traffic Controller Eye Movement

Eye movement is an important indicator of information-seeking behavior and provides insight into cognitive strategies which are vital for decision-making.Various measures based on eye movements have been proposed to capture humans’ability to process information in a complex environment.The effectiveness of these measures has not yet been fully explored in the field of air traffic management.This paper presents a comparative study on eye-movement measures in air traffic controllers with different levels of working experience.Two commonly investigated oculomotor behaviors,fixation and saccades,together with gaze entropy,are examined.By comparing the statistical properties of the relevant metrics,it is shown that working experience has a notable effect on eye-movement patterns.Both fixation and saccades differ between qualified and novice controllers,with the former type of controller employing more efficient searching strategies.These findings are useful in enhancing the quality of controller training and contributing to an understanding of the information-seeking mechanisms humans use when executing complex tasks.

Research and Application of Airflow Recirculation System in Working Faces with Leaking Airflow

In order to develop the technology of the controlled recircuIation of airflow in the world, some formulas about the airflow recirculation system in the working face with leaking airflow are deduced,which reduces the error between calculating and real values. on the base of the application of the formulas mentioned above, the problem about lack of airflow in the working face 2712 was solved successfully in Xiandewang Coal Mine.

Mechanism of rock burst caused by fracture of key strata during irregular working face mining and its prevention methods

To study the occurrence mechanism of rock burst during mining the irregular working face,the study took irregular panel 7447 near fault tectonic as an engineering background.The spatial fracture characteristic of overlying strata was analyzed by Winkler elastic foundation beam theory.Furthermore,the influence law of panel width to suspended width and limit breaking span of key strata were also analyzed by thin plate theory.Through micro-seismic monitoring,theoretical analysis,numerical simulation and working resistance of support of field measurement,this study investigated the fracture characteristic of overlying strata and mechanism of rock burst in irregular working face.The results show that the fracture characteristic of overlying strata shows a spatial trapezoid structure,with the main roof being as an undersurface.The fracture form changes from vertical‘‘O-X"type to transverse‘‘O-X"type with the increase of trapezoidal height.From the narrow mining face to the wide mining face,the suspended width of key strata is greater than its limit breaking width,and a strong dynamic load is produced by the fracture of key strata.The numerical simulation and micro-seismic monitoring results show that the initial fracture position of key strata is close to tailgate 7447.Also there is a high static load caused by fault tectonic.The dynamic and static combined load induce rock burst.Accordingly,a cooperative control technology was proposed,which can weaken dynamic load by hard roof directional hydraulic fracture and enhance surrounding rock by supporting system.

Study of energy-efficient heat resistance and cooling technology for high temperature working face with multiple heat sources in deep mine

In the present research,we proposed a scheme to address the issues of severe heat damage,high energy consumption,low cooling system efficiency,and wastage of cold capacity in mines.To elucidate the seasonal variations of environmental temperature through field measurements,we selected a high-temperature working face in a deep mine as our engineering background.To enhance the heat damage control cability of the working face and minimize unnecessary cooling capac-ity loss,we introduced the multi-dimensional heat hazard prevention and control method called"Heat source barrier and cooling equipment".First,we utilize shotcrete and liquid nitrogen injection to eliminate the heat source and implemented pressure equalization ventilation to disrupt the heat transfer path,thereby creating a heat barrier.Second,we establish divi-sional prediction models for airflow temperature based on the variation patterns obtained through numerical simulation.Third,we devise the location and dynamic control strategy for the cooling equipment based on the prediction models.The results of field application show that the heat resistance and cooling linkage method comply with the safety requirement throughout the entire mining cycle while effectively reducing energy consumption.The ambient temperature is maintained below 30℃,resulting in the energy saving of 10%during the high-temperature period and over 50%during the low-temperature period.These findings serve as a valuable reference for managing heat damage in high-temperature working faces.

Analysis and control of hydraulic support stability in fully-mechanized longwall face to the dip with great mining height

The working condition of the hydraulic support in working face can be divided into three kinds of situations in the following： roof fall and col,lapse with cavity, advancing support and supporting. Took single support with four-pole in Iongwall face to the dip as research object, control method was studied to avoid support instability in three situations mentioned above. Based on these researches, the major factors of influencing on support stability and its controlling measures were put forward. According to specific conditions of working face 1215（3）, which is fully-mechanized and Iongwall face to the dip with great mining height in Zhangji Coal Mine, Huainan Mining Group, the effective measures was taken to control supports stability..

Mechanical behaviors of coal measures and ground control technologies for China's deep coal mines-A review

This paper reviews the major achievements in terms of mechanical behaviors of coal measures,mining stress distribution characteristics and ground control in China’s deep underground coal mining.The three main aspects of this review are coal measure mechanics,mining disturbance mechanics,and rock support mechanics.Previous studies related to these three topics are reviewed,including the geo-mechanical properties of coal measures,distribution and evolution characteristics of mining-induced stresses,evolution characteristics of mining-induced structures,and principles and technologies of ground control in both deep roadways and longwall faces.A discussion is made to explain the structural and mechanical properties of coal measures in China’s deep coal mining practices,the types and dis-tribution characteristics of in situ stresses in underground coal mines,and the distribution of mining-induced stress that forms under different geological and engineering conditions.The theory of pre-tensioned rock bolting has been proved to be suitable for ground control of deep underground coal roadways.The use of combined ground control technology(e.g.ground support,rock mass modification,and destressing)has been demonstrated to be an effective measure for rock control of deep roadways.The developed hydraulic shields for 1000 m deep ultra-long working face can effectively improve the stability of surrounding rocks and mining efficiency in the longwall face.The ground control challenges in deep underground coal mines in China are discussed,and further research is recommended in terms of theory and technology for ground control in deep roadways and longwall faces.

稻麦轮作FACE系统平台Ⅰ.系统结构与控制

在稻麦轮作水稻田建立FACE系统 (Free AirCO2 Enrichment) ,即CO2 浓度的控制和监测系统平台 .利用计算机网络系统对平台的CO2 浓度进行监测控制 ,根据大气中的CO2 浓度、风向、风速 ,作物冠层高度的CO2 浓度及昼夜等因素的变化调节CO2 气体的释放速度及方向 ,实现FACE圈的CO2 浓度高于周围大气CO2 浓度 2 0 0 μmol·mol-1.试验表明 ,影响控制精度的主要因素有风速、作物和土壤呼吸作用和扩散层高度 .经过控制方程参数调整 ,在白天 ,控制精度达到 80 %的时间占总时间的白天达到 83% ,夜晚为6 8% .FACE圈内的CO2 分布基本均匀 .平均CO2 设置浓度白天为 5 5 7mol·mol-1,晚上为 6 0 8mol·mol-1.圈内CO2 浓度分布基本上沿放气管对称分布 ,由边沿向中心逐步降低 .2 0 0 1年水稻生长季节平均控制精度 (TAR)达到白天 1.0 3和晚间 1.0 9.

西北半干旱雨养农业区薯麦轮作FACE平台简介

在黄土高原半干旱雨养农业区薯麦轮作田地建立气象部门首家FACE系统(Free Air CO2 En-richment),即CO2浓度的控制和监测系统平台,由中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所建在定西半干旱生态环境与试验基地。该平台由CO2气体供应装置、控制系统、释放系统3大部分组成,它是利用计算机网络系统对平台的CO2浓度进行监测控制,根据作物冠层高度的CO2浓度、风向、风速、昼夜的变化调节CO2气体的释放速度及方向,实现FACE圈的CO2浓度高于周围大气CO2浓度某一数值。该平台旨在研究雨养农业区CO2浓度升高及其与温度、水分、养分等偶合对农作物生长过程、生理生态特征、生物量、产量等的影响,为该地区适应未来不同气候变化情景提供科学依据。

Characteristic studies of heat sources and performance analysis of free-cooling assisted air conditioning and ventilation systems for working faces of mineral mines

High temperature heat hazard at mineral mine becomes more and more serious as the increase of mining depth.Heat sources at working faces of mineral mines are complex and are of different characteristics,presenting new challenges for air conditioning systems.In this paper,heat sources at four types of working faces are summarized and their characteristics are investigated.Based on this,simplified equations,which are linear with length of working faces,are proposed to calculate heat dissipation rates.So that the main heat sources of different working faces can be found,and cooling load of air conditioning systems can be calculated.Then,considering main heat sources of coal mines,a typical working face is designed to investigate performances of different ventilation systems and air conditioning systems.Simulation results show that segmented ventilation systems(SC)and heat shield assisted centralized ventilation systems(CCHS)can realize much better temperature distributions at working faces.However,cooling load can be greatly reduced for CCHS,when untreated air is supplied to the coal seam side.Based on this,free cooling assisted air conditioning systems are designed,and annual average energy efficiency ratio(EERann)of the systems are investigated and compared between direct evaporate cooling and indirect evaporate cooling(IEC).For SC,as compared with scenarios without free-cooling,IEC can increase EERann by 15%-23%and 22%-32%under Benxi and Datong ambient conditions,respectively.Besides,to ensure high EERann,CCHS is preferred and it is essential to increase thermal insulation of air ducts.

PROFIBUS技术在人防工程中的应用

随着目前我国大量人防工程的修建,对于人防工程内部设备与环境的控制监测也逐渐得到重视。由于PROFIBUS总线技术的引入,提高了系统的控制性和稳定性。这套技术适合于未来人防地下工程的大范围普及。

PROFIBUS技术在人防工程中的应用

随着目前我国大量人防工程的修建,对于人防工程内部设备与环境的控制监测也逐渐得到重视。本论文将PROFIBUS总线技术引入其中,提高了系统的控制性和稳定性.文章还指出,这套技术适合于未来人防地下工程的大范围普及。

综掘工作面混合式风流调控下的粉尘沉降研究

煤矿掘进过程中粉尘聚集严重,目前针对综掘工作面混合式风流调控下粉尘沉降规律及优化的研究还不够深入。基于混合式风流调控系统,依托陕煤集团神木柠条塔矿业有限公司综掘工作面,分析了压风口距工作面距离、压风口右偏角度、压风口口径、抽风口距工作面距离和压抽比等混合式风流调控参数对粉尘沉降规律的影响:随着压风口距工作面距离增加,司机处和回风侧行人呼吸带截面大颗粒粉尘占比先增后减再增,小颗粒粉尘占比增加;随着压风口右偏角度增加,司机处和回风侧行人呼吸带截面大颗粒粉尘占比变化明显;随着压风口口径增加,司机处截面小颗粒粉尘占比先增后减再增,回风侧行人呼吸带截面大颗粒粉尘占比先增后减;随着抽风口距工作面距离增加,司机处截面大颗粒粉尘占比先增后减,小颗粒粉尘占比先增后减再增,回风侧行人呼吸带截面粉尘粒径分布变化不大;随着压抽比增大,司机处和回风侧行人呼吸带截面小颗粒粉尘占比减小。以上述风流调控各参数为自变量,回风侧行人呼吸带全尘平均浓度和司机处呼尘平均浓度最低为优化目标,建立了粉尘沉降优化回归模型,利用粒子群优化算法求解模型,得到最优风流调控方案:压风口距工作面距离为8.9 m,压风口右偏角度为14.8°,压风口口径为0.9 m,抽风口距工作面距离为4.3 m,压抽比为1.1。搭建了风流调控下粉尘沉降实验平台,实验结果表明:测试值与粉尘沉降优化回归模型的模拟值误差在13%以内,验证了模型的准确性;优化后粒径为71~100μm的粉尘受风流调控参数影响明显,沉降在掘进机前方;优化后回风侧行人呼吸带全尘平均浓度和司机处呼尘平均浓度分别降低了47.4%和42.4%,降尘效果明显。

综掘工作面风流调控装置与射流风幕综合调控粉尘场优化分析

为解决目前综掘工作面传统混合式通风下粉尘聚集污染严重的问题,提出了利用出风口风流调控装置与抽风口射流风幕综合调控优化粉尘场的思路。以陕北某矿综掘工作面为研究对象,建立了风流-粉尘气固耦合场有限元模型,分析了调控装置口径、调控装置右偏角、风幕出口宽度、风幕出口速度及风幕出口张角等参数对粉尘场的影响;设计了正交试验以确定最佳综合调控方案,设计搭建了实验平台进行综合调控方案准确性和降尘效果验证。结果表明:在该综掘工作面通风系统布局下,当调控装置口径1.2 m,调控装置右偏角9°,风幕出口宽度0.14 m,风幕出口速度7 m/s,风幕出口张角60°时,司机位置粉尘质量浓度和行人呼吸带高度平均粉尘质量浓度分别降低91.7%和74.9%,测试误差均在10%以下,有效改善了通风环境。

深部孤岛充填工作面沿空掘巷围岩偏应力演化与控制

目的 为解决深部孤岛充填工作面沿空掘巷围岩控制问题,方法 以邢东矿12216运料巷为背景,采用FLAC3D数值模拟软件,研究孤岛面临侧采空区在不同充填率条件下沿空掘巷围岩偏应力分布规律,模拟分析孤岛工作面充填开采时,工作面超前段围岩受动压影响时的偏应力演化特征。结果 结果表明:(1)孤岛工作面沿空掘巷巷道煤柱帮受临侧采空区充填效应影响较大,临侧采空区充填率增加使煤柱上偏应力峰值区呈椭圆形并逐步向采空区侧转移;(2)孤岛充填工作面沿空掘巷顶底板偏应力场形成一个朝向采空区侧的弧形低值带;(3)孤岛充填动压扰动时期,最大偏应力区位于实体煤一侧,距工作面前方8 m左右,距巷道4.3 m左右,峰值可达34 MPa。结论 结合数值模拟分析结果,提出采用“高强度锚杆+大直径高延伸率锚索”协同支护方式,现场工程实践表明,该支护方式沿空巷道围岩控制效果良好。

综掘工作面风幕阻尘效果影响因素研究

目前综掘工作面粉尘污染的研究多集中于单一因素对综掘工作面风幕阻尘效果的影响,而未充分考虑各因素间的交互作用,使得压风分流技术的工程应用效果欠佳。为明确附壁风筒径向出风距离、径向出风比及轴向出风距离对风幕阻尘效果的影响,以潘三矿810西翼机巷综掘工作面为研究对象,运用Fluent软件对径向出风距离为10~25 m、径向出风比为0.6~0.9及轴向出风距离为6~12 m条件下的风流分布和粉尘扩散情况进行数值模拟。结果表明:(1)随着径向出风距离增大,径向涡流风幕在巷道内的转变更充分,综掘机司机前端的风流分布越均匀,更有利于形成风速方向均指向工作面的轴向阻尘风幕。当径向出风距离为10 m时,距工作面7 m断面内涡流特性明显,风速方向紊乱;当径向出风距离为25 m时,距工作面7 m断面内,风流分布趋于均匀,风速方向均指向工作面,形成了能够覆盖全断面的轴向阻尘风幕。(2)随着径向出风比增大,整流风筒轴向风流风量减小,轴向风流风速和射流强度降低,轴向风流对综掘工作面前端气流的扰动减弱;径向出风比越大,越有利于形成风流方向指向工作面且能覆盖全断面的轴向阻尘流场,即轴向阻尘风幕。(3)径向涡流风幕的阻尘能力随径向出风比的增大先增强后减弱,轴向阻尘风幕的阻尘能力随径向出风比的增大而不断增强。(4)在采取压风分流风幕阻尘技术后,当压风总量为300 m^(3)/min,吸风量为400 m^(3)/min,附壁风筒径向出风距离为20 m,径向出风比为0.9,整流风筒轴向出风距离为8~10 m时,能很好地将粉尘聚集在吸尘口附近,达到高效控尘除尘的目的。在810西翼机巷综掘工作面进行现场测试,测点风速和粉尘质量浓度实测值与模拟值基本一致,高浓度粉尘被有效阻控于工作面前端,隔尘效果较为明显,验证了数值模拟的有效性。

超高与超长工作面高效综采关键技术及装备发展现状与展望

煤炭作为我国经济发展的重要能源支撑,未来一段时间内,其在能源消费中仍将保持主导地位,随着相关技术装备的不断发展,我国部分矿井已实现单井单面产量突破千万吨,煤炭资源安全高效开发是我国未来科技发展的重要方向。依托国家重点研发计划项目“煤矿超高与超长工作面高效综采关键技术及装备”,以超高与超长工作面高效开采为核心,介绍了国内外超高与超长高效综采工作面的岩层控制理论、技术与综采装备发展现状,围绕“超大开采空间全覆岩三维动态破断规律与超高煤壁失稳破坏机理”“超大开采空间强矿压覆岩结构改造及其应力调控机理”“多重动载作用下超高与超长综采装备群动态响应及高效智能协同作业机制”三大科学问题,开展“超大开采空间全覆岩破断运移机理及围岩协同控制理论”“超大开采空间强矿压区域压裂卸压技术与装备”“超高与超长工作面智能开采成套装备”“超高与超长工作面装备群智能协同控制技术与装备”“超高与超长工作面高效综采工程示范”5项技术攻关。实践表明,我国部分超高与超长采煤工作面已形成成套技术及装备体系,为我国地质条件较为简单的厚煤层及中厚煤层矿区煤炭资源的安全、高效、绿色开采提供了可靠保障。指出了我国超高与超长高效综采工作面理论技术与装备及其控制的发展方向。

某矿井下多工作面协同爆破智能管控体系研究

基于某矿穿孔和爆破工序分割、多中段多工作面同时作业的工程背景,采用跟踪调研的方法得出该矿具有爆破作业管控难度大、工序反馈衔接不及时、有效作业人员占比小等问题。为解决上述难题,采用工序分析、问题提出、风险评估等层层递进的方法,开展井下多工作面协同爆破智能管控体系研究。结果表明:井下爆破作业各工序间具有严谨的先后顺序;爆破器材运输和装药工序的危险程度最高,需精准管控;采用智能软件协同监管多工作面爆破作业工序,不仅精准管控效率高,还可降低矿山爆破作业的事故机率。最后结合某矿的实际作业条件,基于多工作面同时爆破作业的先后流程,采用Python语言开发了井下多工作面协同爆破智能管控软件,并通过爆破作业工作面的管理调试,证明研发的管控软件适合辅助该矿爆破工序的监管。

厚煤层大采高智能化综采工作面关键技术研究与应用

针对付村煤矿井下综采装备落后、开采成本高的问题,综合考虑生产安全、经济效益、资源回收等多方面因素,提出了在付村煤矿建立厚煤层大采高智能化工作面的构想。根据付村煤矿3上煤层赋存条件,基于智能化工作面设备集成控制平台,结合大采高液压支架智能化电控系统、大采高采煤机智能化控制系统及移动互联网云存储系统,重点突破了工作面主要设备姿态监测、大采高工作面智能化开采工艺、远程控制与集中监控等技术,实现了采煤机自主定位、记忆截割、液压支架自动跟机移架、全工作面一键顺序启停、故障自动顺序停机、三机协同控制,优化升级了矿井信息化系统,建立了智能化综采工作面互联网云平台。结果表明:自2017年11月在付村煤矿3上1008工作面进行工程应用以来,工作面生产班工作人员从12人减少为5人巡视检查,减员率达50%以上,日采煤达6000 t,技术应用效果显著,建立了枣矿集团6 m厚煤层智能化开采的生产模式,为厚煤层大采高智能化生产系统的发展提供示范与实践基础。

综掘工作面气室降尘技术研究

针对掘进巷道中的粉尘控制问题,传统的长压短抽通风降尘技术存在粉尘扩散区域大、风幕降尘技术存在射流孔易堵塞等弊端。以巴拉素煤矿综掘工作面为工程研究背景,建立了掘进作业过程中的粉尘运动数学模型,得出降低综掘工作面粉尘浓度的关键因素是控制掘进巷道风流场扰动范围及减小粉尘颗粒运动时间。以上述关键因素为依据,在风幕降尘的基础上开发了气室降尘技术,通过在正压风筒末端加装风袖,与风幕共同作用将粉尘封闭在气室区域内,再由负压风机抽出,以提高降尘效率。采用Fluent软件对长压短抽通风降尘、风幕降尘和气室降尘进行模拟对比分析,并优化了气室降尘技术参数。模拟结果表明:采用气室降尘技术时,综掘工作面人体呼吸带位置的粉尘浓度为350 mg/m^(3),较采用长压短抽通风降尘时的600 mg/m^(3)和风幕降尘时的480 mg/m^(3)大幅降低;气室降尘最优技术参数为正压风筒出风口距综掘工作面14 m、负压风筒末端直径0.6 m。在巴拉素煤矿2号煤2号回风大巷综掘工作面进行现场试验,结果表明采用气室降尘时,掘进巷道最低粉尘浓度为118 mg/m^(3),低于采用长压短抽通风降尘时的184 mg/m^(3)和风幕降尘时的156 mg/m^(3),且降尘效率较长压短抽通风降尘平均提高54.8%。

动压影响孤岛工作面巷道围岩“卸-支平衡”协同控制技术

煤矿深部工作面回采过程中,经常受到强开采动压作用影响,矿压显现强烈,巷道围岩变形破坏程度大,尤其对于孤岛工作面,动压影响更加显著,围岩控制难度成倍增加。为了解决深部孤岛工作面强动压影响回采巷道围岩控制问题,以2308工作面为研究背景,采用理论分析、数值模拟、现场验证等方法,首先对巷道围岩结构模型进行分析,确定影响工作面围岩稳定的主要因素;进一步对煤柱宽度和钻孔卸压2种方案进行研究,并根据巷道围岩的实际变形情况,确定巷道围岩的非对称支护参数,实现受强动压影响回采巷道的“卸-支平衡”协同控制方案。经过现场实践验证,2308工作面巷道顶底板移近量为260 mm,两帮移近量为471 mm,巷道围岩的整体性得到增强,变形得到有效控制;采用“卸-支平衡”方案对受动压影响巷道围岩的控制效果显著。