Experimental studies of air-blast atomization on the CO_(2)capture with aqueous alkali solutions

In this work,an air-blast atomizing column was used to study the CO2 capture performance with aqueous MEA(mono-ethanol-amine)and Na OH solutions.The effects of gas flow rate,the liquid to gas ratio(L/G),the CO2 concentration on the CO2 removal efficiency(η)and the volumetric overall mass transfer coefficient(KGav)were investigated.The air-blast atomizing column was also compared with the pressure spray tower on the studies of the CO2 capture performance.For the aqueous MEA and Na OH solutions,the experimental results show that theηdecreases with increasing gas flow rate and CO2 concentration while it increases with increasing L/G.The effects on KGavare more complicated than those forη.When the CO2 concentration is low(3 vol%),KGavincreases with increasing gas flow rate while decreases with increasing L/G.However,when the CO2 concentration is high(9.5 vol%),as the gas flow rate and L/G increases,KGavincreases first and then decreases.The aqueous MEA solution achieves higherηand KGavthan the aqueous Na OH solution.The air-blast atomizing column shows a good performance on CO2 capture.

Response of droplet parameters to liquid viscosity in the flow field of an air-blast sprayer

The physical properties of sprayed droplets such as viscosity affect their deposition on the target.In order to understand the response characteristics of droplet parameters to the viscosity of a spray solution,a three-dimensional model of the external flow field of an air-blast sprayer based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD)was established according to the actual spray range and the sprayer duct structure.The change rules of droplet diameter and droplet density with distance under different viscosities of the spray solution in the flow field were obtained through numerical solution of the CFD model.The reliability of the model was verified by a chi-squared test comparing the numerical calculations with the results of field experiments.The results showed that the change rule of droplet parameters in an airflow field under different values of the spray solution viscosity was consistent.With the increase in the axial distance,the droplet size decreased initially,then increased,and finally decreased,while the droplet density gradually decreased.Moreover,the greater the spray solution viscosity,the shorter the conveying distance of the droplets in the axial direction,although viscosity was helpful in reducing the droplet drift.In addition,at the same axis distance,with the increased viscosity of the spray solution,the droplet size increased,and the sedimentation of the droplets was more rapid,while the density of the droplets decreased.The results provided a new framework for the study of air-blast spraying technology and serve as a reference for the optimization of the sprayer structure and the preparation method for spray solutions.

High Strain-Rate and Shock Response of Carbon SupercompositeTM

This study focuses on assessing the dynamic behaviors of carbon SupercompositeTM laminates when subjected to high strain-rates and air blast loads, using a shock tube for testing. The investigation aims to understand the response of these advanced materials under extreme conditions, which is crucial for applications in aerospace, military, and other high-performance industries. SupercompositeTM (CZE) prepreg, made up of a 3K plain weave carbon fabric with milled carbon fibers as interlaminar reinforcements impregnated with epoxy, is used to create SupercompositeTM (CZE) laminates. A woven carbon composite (CBE) laminate was also created using 3K plain weave Carbon/Epoxy (CBE) prepreg. Both types of laminates were designed and fabricated using the autoclave process. The dynamic behaviors of CZE and CBE laminate under transverse compression loads were evaluated using a modified Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB). The study found that the 3D reinforcement with milled carbon fibers significantly affected the dynamic behavior of the CZE laminate. Stereo imaging videos, captured using two SHIMADZU high-speed video cameras in shock tube experiments, recorded the time history of back surface deflection. The plate specimens exhibited low deflections without any visible damage. The experimentally observed center point deflections of the CZE plates decayed sooner than those of the CBE laminates, indicating an improvement in damping due to the presence of 3D reinforced milled carbon fibers. This research shows that optimized utilization of milled carbon fibers as 3D reinforcement can withstand high stress in the thickness direction and higher energy absorption when subjected to impact and high strain-rate loading.

基于动爆冲击波演化规律的超压计算模型

为建立动爆冲击波超压的工程计算模型,开展了球形装药动爆试验和数值模拟研究,获取了动爆冲击波场演化历程图像,定量分析了装药速度对冲击波波阵面传播速度的影响。结果表明:在装药速度影响下爆轰产物各向膨胀速度不再相同,爆轰产物膨胀速度的变化使得冲击波强度和空间位置分布发生了相应的变化,正向冲击波强度更高,更早与爆轰产物相分离。在静爆冲击波演化模型的基础上,通过引入含有角度和传播时间的修正因子,建立了静动爆关联的球形装药动爆冲击波超压计算模型。采用该模型计算得到的不同速度、不同药量球形装药冲击波压力与试验结果吻合较好,模型具有一定普适性。

连接方式对蜂窝夹芯结构抗爆性能的影响规律研究

目的旨在探究近场空爆载荷作用下蜂窝夹芯结构面板与芯层的连接方式对抗爆性能的影响。方法分别设计了由激光选区熔化技术打印制备的316L不锈钢一体式蜂窝夹芯结构和分离式蜂窝夹芯结构2种构型,并进行了50 mm爆距的爆炸冲击实验。后又结合数值模拟方法对比分析了一体式、分离式、胶接式和焊接式4种连接方式在爆炸载荷作用下的动态响应过程,并分别从各层结构变形失效、背板最大残余挠度及吸能等角度联合揭示了抗爆性能差异及其影响规律。结果一体式蜂窝夹芯结构背板最大残余挠度为17.5mm,相比分离式、胶接式和焊接式,分别减少了47.3%、43.0%、28.3%。爆炸冲击结束后,一体式蜂窝夹芯结构的总塑性应变能和背板应变能占比分别为866.9J、13.3%,与焊接式蜂窝夹芯结构的相近,但其总塑性应变能较分离式、胶接式分别低4.1%、16.6%,而背板应变能占比则较二者分别低13.8%、14.3%。结论通过实验与仿真研究,证明了连接强度对蜂窝夹芯结构抗爆性能具有显著的影响,其中一体式结构抗爆性能表现最佳,且连接强度越高,其运动速度越小,响应时间也越短,对其提升防护结构的减震效果具有重要作用。

深孔轴向多段间隔装药孔壁冲击压力分布

为确定地下垂直长深孔爆破时合理的空气间隔长度,基于爆轰波理论,分析了多段间隔装药爆破条件下孔壁冲击压力随间隔长度变化的内在分布规律函数;依据Mises准则,得出了不同岩性时合理的间隔长度参考值,并通过数值模拟和现场爆破试验进行了验证。结果表明,空气间隔段孔壁冲击压力沿炮孔轴线从两端向中间骤降,但在中点周围略微增大,压力曲线呈两端大、中间小、中点周围略微凸起的“W”形对称分布。

侧面爆破粉尘时空分布模拟分析

从开放性细颗粒物污染治理角度出发,建立建筑物拆除爆破产尘的几何计算模型,运用计算流体力学(CFD)工具,对给定环境风速下的建筑物周围压力场和速度场进行了模拟分析,并对侧面折叠爆破粉尘按R-R(Rosin-Rammler)分布,使用气流-粒子双向耦合的DPM模型研究了爆炸粉尘的时空分布。结果表明,下风侧因建筑物存在导致风速、压力急剧变化而产生涡流,涡流是影响爆破粉尘时空分布的关键因素之一。在时间上,爆破粉尘有气流拖曳运动状态和扩散态;在空间上,因重力作用致下部空间的粉尘浓度较大。

近距空爆载荷作用下高韧钢的抗爆性能及影响因素研究

为探讨高韧钢的抗爆性能及其影响因素,结合空爆试验,对高韧钢平板和加筋板的动响应过程进行了数值模拟,并与相同厚度的高强钢进行了对比。首先,开展了高韧钢和高强钢平板的空爆试验,对比分析了2种材料平板的变形和破坏试验结果。随后,采用LS-DYNA非线性有限元程序对高韧钢平板在近距空爆载荷作用下的变形/失效过程进行了数值模拟,并与试验结果进行了对比,验证了数值模拟方法的合理性。在此基础上,通过数值模拟进一步分析了高韧钢平板和加筋板结构的动态响应过程和失效机理。研究结果表明,在TNT药量为1200 g、爆距为100 mm的近距空爆载荷作用下,10 mm厚的高韧钢平板仅发生拉伸大变形,而10 mm厚的高强钢平板中部出现大破口。高韧钢平板的抗爆性能明显优于同等厚度下的高强钢平板。近距离空爆载荷作用下,高韧钢平板的主要变形模式为整体拉伸变形,而高韧钢加筋板结构的主要破坏模式为沿加筋部位的剪切破坏。随着载荷强度的增大,高韧钢加筋板结构呈现出3种不同的失效破坏模式;随着加筋高度的增大,面板沿加筋的局部剪切应力更大,高韧钢加筋板的抗爆性能反而会劣化。研究结果展示了高韧钢的抗爆优势,可为高韧钢在舰船防护结构中的潜在应用提供技术支撑。

风冷高炉矿渣的超细粉磨与化学激发联合活化研究

风冷高炉矿渣水化活性低,某企业工业试验中使用风冷高炉矿渣作混合材生产复合水泥时,矿粉在水泥中的掺量通常低于30%。本文提出超细粉磨和化学激发联合活化的技术思路,改造粉磨工艺实现风冷高炉矿渣超细粉磨,并探究了粉磨工艺参数对矿粉粒径和活性指数的影响,当矿粉比表面积为650 m^(2)/kg时,28 d活性指数为88.4%,比原生矿粉提高了26.2%。在化学激发方面则研究了激发剂种类、掺量以及多元复配对矿粉活性的影响,最终以硫酸钠、硫酸铝钾和三乙醇胺为主要成分制备了一款复合激发剂,矿粉粉磨过程引入1.5%复合激发剂即可使7 d活性指数提高16.9%。

高炉重矿渣在高速公路路基工程中的应用研究

采用包钢高炉重矿渣铺筑了路基试验段,测试分析了重矿渣的矿物组成、稳定性、及其作为填筑材料的黏聚力、压缩系数、回弹模量和承载比等性能,研究了粒径大小对最大干密度、最佳含水率的影响规律及施工工艺.结果表明:重矿渣稳定性好,含有C 3S硅酸三钙、C 2S硅酸二钙等硅酸盐材料,具有一定的胶凝活性,有利于提高承载力;重矿渣填筑料压缩系数为0.05 MPa-1,属于低压缩性土,回弹模量为86.7 MPa,黏聚力为13.66 kPa,承载比能满足路基不同深度的强度设计要求.随着重矿渣9.5 mm通过率的减小,其重击实试件的最大干密度和最佳含水率逐渐降低.重矿渣路基试验段的松铺系数为1.1,最佳碾压方式为2遍静压加6遍动压,压实参数满足规范要求,平整度平均值小于20 mm,路用性能优良.

Experimental Studies on Fuel Spray Characteristics of Pressure-Swirl Atomizer and Air-Blast Atomizer

In this work,the effects of fuel temperatures and pressure drops on the flow field and spray characteristics of a pressure-swirl atomizer were discussed using the Particle Imaging Velocimetry(PIV),Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence(PLIF)and Laser Particle Size Analyzer(LPSA)methods.Then the air-blast atomizer was selected to study the interaction of initial atomization and flow field.The effect of fuel-air ratio on the air-blast atomizer were also considered,where the fuel-air ratio was varied by adjusting mass flow rate of the air and fuel respectively.The results show that the spray angle of the pressure-swirl atomizer increases first and changes a little after the pressure drop higher than 0.5 MPa.However,more fuel concentrate on the central region,which is mainly caused by the increase of the proportion of small droplets with lower centrifugal force.The fuel temperature can improve the spray angle only in lower pressure drop,and it has a little effect under higher pressure drops.In addition,the fuel pressure drop has an obvious influence on the fuel distribution and flow field near the nozzle exit compared with the downstream.For the air-blast atomizer,the spray angle increases compared with the pressure-swirl atomizer for the introduction of swirl air.Furthermore,the spray angle decreases with the air mass rate increasing,and it increases with the fuel mass rate increasing.The distribution of velocity and droplet near the nozzle exit is influenced by the air mass rate,and the fuel mass rate mainly affects the distribution in the downstream.The fuel accumulates in the annular area below the nozzle,and the distribution of it changes little with the development along the axial direction.

梅蓄电站二期上引水洞爆破开挖诱发空气超压对上库事故闸门的影响分析

爆破开挖过程中产生的空气超压可能会影响周边建构筑物的安全。梅州抽水蓄能电站二期引水平洞的爆破作业区,距离在一期工程中已建好并投入运行的二期工程引水上平洞上库钢质事故闸门仅81 m,爆破作业可能会影响事故闸门的稳定运行。为此,以梅州抽水蓄能电站二期引水上平洞的爆破开挖为对象,开展了爆破空气超压现场监测工作,分析了爆破空气超压的分布规律及其对梅州抽水蓄能电站上库事故闸门的安全影响,为分析爆破空气超压对上库事故闸门的安全影响提供了支撑。现场的爆破空气超压监测数据表明:距离爆破掌子面约80 m的事故闸门前的空气超压水平分布在0.63~3.46 kPa,远小于建议的相应的爆破安全控制标准100 kPa;闸门前使用胶帘等防护设施可以有效减小闸门位置的空气超压,实测的第4次和第5次爆破空气超压减小了55%以上;单段装药量及总装药量得到有效控制时,实测的空气超压值远低于建议的控制标准;现场宏观调查及其他检测数据也未见异常,爆破施工未影响上库事故闸门的安全运行。

质量参数对空爆荷载梁构件振动位移的影响

为研究质量参数对空爆荷载梁构件振动位移的影响,以等效单自由度法为基本方法,理论推导了柔性及刚性2类梁构件含质量参数在弹性、塑性各阶段的振动位移解,选择矩形截面、圆截面为梁构件典型截面,设计并计算了质量参数在1.00~1.20范围内的13种典型工况。结果表明:对于空爆荷载柔性及刚性2类梁构件,增大其截面面积后,仅考虑质量参数计算振动位移时误差较大,应按质量参数及产生的附加刚度参数耦合效应分析;对于矩形截面梁构件,采用质量参数与刚度参数耦合计算时,其最大弹性位移、最大弹塑性位移和残余变形降低幅度分别约为仅采用质量参数计算结果的4.75、3.28和2.96倍;对于圆截面梁构件,则分别为3.57、2.56和2.32倍;该结论在柔性梁构件及刚性梁构件均适用且无明显差异。

基于能量守恒的气枪主动震源激发实验震级计算

分别运用Baker公式、Kinney公式、Broad公式计算甘肃刘家峡气枪主动源一次常规实验激发所释放的能量,并利用能量与震级之间的经验公式,估算一次常规实验产生地震的震级。通过分析刘家峡主动源实验场附近固定数字测震台站记录的单次激发数据发现,气枪激发时所释放的能量并未完全转换为地震波,如气枪主气室在爆破瞬间并非完全绝热,有部分能量随着热量传递而散失,故通过能量守恒方法计算的震级略大。实验结论与Kinney公式计算结果的一致性较好,符合实验实际工况条件。

不耦合空气间隔装药结构爆破机理分析

空气间隔装药爆破广泛应用于隧道掘进开挖,其中不耦合系数是保证光面爆破效果的关键因素。QBT工程现场仅有Φ32 mm直径的药卷,为改善爆破效果,采用LS-DYNA程序对轴向不耦合系数Kl进行数值研究,分析了轴向不耦合系数Kl取2.41、3.22、4.83时炮孔壁应力场、速度场及损伤特性,与光面爆破小直径药卷(Φ25 mm)连续装药结构进行对比,揭示轴向不耦合系数对爆破效果的影响,得到最优取值。结果表明:有效应力峰值与轴向不耦合系数成反比,应力衰减程度与轴向不耦合系数成正比;质点峰值速度下降率为64%~82%,有效降低了爆破振动,轴向不耦合系数越大,控制振动水平能力越强,但由于岩石损伤程度分布发育不充分,在孔口处可能存在挂门帘现象。

基于Workbench的高炉送风装置直吹管有限元分析

文中针对高炉送风装置的直吹管进行了静力学分析和模态分析,研究其结构及振动特性。在静力学分析方面,利用有限元方法建立了直吹管的数值模型,并对其进行分析,以了解筒体的整体变形及等效应力情况。模态分析方面,提取了直吹管前20阶模态的固有频率,并对前6阶的振频、振型和振幅进行了详细分析。研究结果显示,直吹管的固有频率随阶数递增,符合无阻尼振动的特征。此外,前6阶模态的振型和振幅得到了全面解析。通过静力学分析和模态分析,深入了解了高炉送风装置直吹管在静力学和振动方面的特性,为进一步的结构设计和优化提供参考。

装药结构对硬质岩隧洞轮廓成型效果的影响研究

硬质岩隧洞的轮廓成型效果对提高围岩稳定性和降低支护成本具有重要意义。以优化隧洞轮廓孔单孔装药量和装药结构为目标,首先,理论分析了隧洞爆破中轮廓孔装药参数的取值范围;其次,分别以1200 g、900 g、750 g、600 g的单孔装药量进行了硬质岩隧洞爆破试验,并借助激光扫描仪对隧洞轮廓成型效果进行了扫描分析;最后,利用断裂力学模型分析了不同单孔装药量的隧洞轮廓成型效果。结果表明:当硬质岩隧洞的轮廓孔装药参数在合理范围内时,单孔装药量越小,爆破产生的孔间裂缝数量越少,岩体损伤范围也越小;当装药量由1200 g降低至600 g时,隧洞轮廓超挖体积由6.53 m^(3)降低至2.02 m^(3),但由孔位误差导致的轮廓欠挖体积由0.15 m^(3)增大0.26 m^(3);断裂力学模型在硬质岩隧洞轮廓爆破的模拟中优于损伤模型,模型计算得隧洞轮廓上的半孔数与观察值吻合较好。研究成果可为类似硬质岩隧洞爆破开挖中轮廓成型效果优化提供技术与方法借鉴。

唐钢2号高炉风温提升研究

对唐钢2号高炉进行热风炉制约条件的束缚及高炉操作制度的持续优化,并进行理论系统分析,采取调整烧炉参数、严格执行标准化操作等一系列提高风温的措施,使唐钢2号高炉风温水平得到显著提高,降低了生产成本。

Air-blast anti-fouling cleaning for aquatic optical sensors

In order to solve the problem of fouling of submerged optical instruments,an air-blast cleaning mechanism was integrated into an optical sensor used for measuring suspended sediment concentration(SSC)in natural waters.Laboratory experiments in a manually created fouling environment were conducted to observe the fouling process on sensor cases made of different materials,and to verify the effectiveness of air-blast cleaning in reducing fouling.Results indicated that sensors with an aluminum case experienced more serious bio-fouling than that with polyethylene case,and the air-blast cleaning mechanism was capable of reducing fouling effect on sensor signals.So the submerged optical instruments should avoid using metal materials.The duration and frequency of air-blast cleaning can be determined and adjusted depending on actual field conditions.

基于爆破针阀的火炬放空气回收系统泄压装置研究

火炬系统是海上石油平台用于处理生产过程中产生的可燃气的安全与环保设施,为达到节约能源、提高经济效益、减轻环境污染等目的,通常会采用各种技术和设备,对火炬系统的放空气进行有效的处理和回收,从而实现资源的高效利用。通过对火炬放空气回收系统的研究,分析了爆破针阀的技术原理和动作特性,提出了基于爆破针阀的泄压装置在火炬放空气回收系统中的应用方法,大幅提高了火炬系统泄压装置的稳定性。