Influence of Surrounding Structures upon the Aerodynamic and Acoustic Performance of the Outdoor Unit of a Split Air-Conditioner

DC-inverter split air-conditioner is widely used in Chinese homes as a result of its high-efficiency and energy-saving. Recently, the researches on its outdoor unit have focused on the influence of surrounding structures upon the aerodynamic and acoustic performance, however they are only limited to the influence of a few parameters on the performance, and practical design of the unit requires more detailed parametric analysis. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics（CFD） and computational aerodynamic acoustics（CAA） simulation based on FLUENT solver is used to study the influence of surrounding structures upon the aforementioned properties of the unit. The flow rate and sound pressure level are predicted for different rotating speed, and agree well with the experimental results. The parametric influence of three main surrounding structures（i.e. the heat sink, the bell-mouth type shroud and the outlet grille） upon the aerodynamic performance of the unit is analyzed thoroughly. The results demonstrate that the tip vortex plays a major role in the flow fields near the blade tip and has a great effect on the flow field of the unit. The inlet ring＇s size and throat＇s depth of the bell-mouth type shroud, and the through-flow area and configuration of upwind and downwind sections of the outlet grille are the most important factors that affect the aerodynamic performance of the unit. Furthermore, two improved schemes against the existing prototype of the unit are developed, which both can significantly increase the flow rate more than 6 %（i.e. 100 m3·h～（-1）） at given rotating speeds. The inevitable increase of flow noise level when flow rate is increased and the advantage of keeping a lower rotating speed are also discussed. The presented work could be a useful guideline in designing the aerodynamic and acoustic performance of the split air-conditioner in engineering practice.

Environmental Benefits for Phase-Out HCFC-22 in the Residential Air-Conditioner Sector in China

China is the largest producer and consumer of hydrochlorofluorocarbons （HCFCs）, and the production of HCFC-22 accounts for more than 80% of all HCFCs. This paper concentrates on the residential air-conditioner industry and analyzes the environmental benefits of accelerating the phase-out of HCFC-22 in China. According to the comparison of the baseline and phase-out scenarios of HCFC-22, the findings show that using HC-290 （propane） as a refrigerant alternative will directly reduce the greenhouse effect, and indirectly reduce the emission of greenhouse gases due to a reduction in the electricity consumption. The comparison of two scenarios of HC-290 and HFC-410A refrigerant alternatives shows that the use of HC-290 refrigerant will produce significantly higher environmental benefits than the HFC-410A refrigerant.

Forecast of Consumption and Emission of HFC-134a Used in the Mobile Air-conditioner Sector in China

HFC-134a is the most important alternative to CFC-12 used in the mobile air-conditioner sector in China. The con- sumption of HFC-134a has been increasing rapidly in recent years. It becomes the most consumed HFC in the sector. Selecting 2005 as the base line year, future consumption and emission amounts of HFC-134a are estimated through an analysis of a combined scenario： 1） replacement by non-HFC-134a blends, 2） good practice in servicing, 3） technology promotion, and 4） government policies on control of HFC-134a emissions. The analysis shows that HFC-134a consumption and emissions will continue to increase in the next 10 years. The projected HFC-134a consumption will approach 20,150 t and 34,875 t in 2010 and 2015 respectively, while the estimated emission amounts will reach 16,065 t and 30,186 t （i.e., 21 Mt CO2-eq and 39 Mt CO2-eq emissions） correspondingly. Compared with the business-as-usual scenario, the expected emission reductions in 2010 and 2015 will range between 6.7 Mt CO2-eq and 13.0 Mt CO2-eq.

A Novel Concept of AI-EV （Air-Conditioner Integrated Electric Vehicle） for the Advanced Smart Community

In order to expand the natural energy and the energy conservation, ＂the smart PV （photovoltaic power generation） ＆ EV （electric vehicle） system＂ has been proposed and the effect has been clarified. In the smart PV ＆ EV system, it is important that electric vehicles become popular. Therefore, the AI-EV （air-conditioner integrated electric vehicle） has been proposed. In this paper, the AI-EV is designed based on the required car air-conditioner capacity. And, the value of AI-EV is compared with a gasoline vehicle, HV （hybrid vehicle） and EV using the mathematical simulation model As a result, it is clarified that the minimum displacement of the small-engine is 120 cc for AI-EV. In the smart PV ＆ EV system, AI-EV can reduce CO_2 emissions by 20% almost the same as EV. Additionally, AI-EV is able to gain the cruising range more than twice as long as EV.

Effect of air-conditioner exposure on semen quality

Aim: To investigate the effect of air-conditioner exposure on semen quality. Methods: The data came from the healthy male volunteers, aged 22 to 30 years, who went to centers for maternity and children health for premarital physical examination in Shanghai, Henan, Zhejiang and Hebei from December 1998 to February 2000. The sampling size is 304. Results: Among the subjects, 90 (29.6 %) had air-conditioner at home and the rest did not. X2-test and multiple logistic regression analyses showed that, the difference between the exposure and control groups was statistically significant in semen volume, sperm density and proportion of sperm with normal morphology. The three indexes were lower in the exposure group. Conclusion: Air-conditioner exposure possibly influences the semen quality.

KOF(Z)DI8II and KQF(Z)D24II automobile air-conditioner

TheYueyangHengliRefrigeratingEquipmentCo.Ltd.inHunanProvinceobtainedin1997itsIS09001certificationfromChinaandGermanYTheKQF(Z)D2411automobileair-conditioneriscomposedoftWoparts,itscoldvolumeis24KWandcanbeusedforpassengercarswith5to60seats.Theproductsi...

The computer-aided design method of cabinet based on style imagery

Due to the practical problems of the high costs and the long development cycle of China’s cabinet production,a computer-aided design method of the cabinet based on style imagery is proposed.According to the principle of the conjoint analysis method, the rough set theory and the weight coefficient of different components of the cabinet,a multi-dimensional model of style imagery to evaluate the cabinet is built. Then the related constants of style imagery are calculated and the cabinet components library is also built by the three-dimensional modeling.Finally,with recombinant technology and the mapping model between cabinet style and external characteristics,the prototype system based on Visual Studio is proposed.This system actualizes the bidirectional reasoning between product style imagery and the shape features,which can assist designers to produce more creative designs,greatly improve the efficiency of cabinet development and increase the profits of companies.

既有建筑抗爆防护改造试验研究

我国有许多石油化工工厂非抗爆控制室、机柜间等建筑建在了易燃易爆炸的装置区临近位置,当遇到爆炸冲击波后对室内人员和设备会造成严重的伤害。文章对如何能在不影响生产的情况下对既有建筑进行抗爆改造分析,通过对多种抗爆改造加固法的比选及抗爆涂层爆炸试验测试,选出了既安全又不影响生产的抗爆改造方案,大大提升了既有建筑物的抗爆能力,保护了人员生命安全和设备安全,解决了因搬迁停车停产对工厂造成的经济损失。

Random Vibration Analysis of the Electronic Equipment Cabinet

In order to understand the vibration characteristic of system structure of electronic equipment cabinet within the particular vibration frequency,the finite element analysis software-ANSYS is used to simulate the tests of random vibrations of the cabinet system and obtain the isopleths graph of deformation and stress of the cabinet.It can confirm maximum of deformation and stress of the cabinet and position happened.Through more analysis of the frequency response curve,which can confirm harm- ful consequences random vibrations caused and weak link of the cabinet structure.The numerical simulation results are in good a- greement with the experimental results.It shows that this research provides an efficient method for the anti-seismic design and the dynamic optimization design.

Impact of summer office set air-conditioning temperature on energy consumption and thermal comfort

To explore the relationship between summer office set air-conditioning temperature and energy consumption related to air conditioning use to provide human thermal comfort,a comparison experiment was conducted in three similar offices at temperatures of 24,26 and 28 ℃ respectively. A thermal comfort questionnaire survey was conducted. It is demonstrated that air-conditioner energy consumption at the set temperature of 28 ℃ is 113% and 271% lower than at 26 ℃ and 24 ℃,respectively. A linear relationship exists between air-conditioner energy consumption and the indoor and outdoor temperature difference. When comfortably dressed,over 80% of research participants accept the set temperature of 28 ℃. The regression analysis leads to a neutral temperature of 26.2 ℃ and an acceptable temperature of 28.2 ℃ for over 80% of the research participants subjects,indicating that the current 26 ℃ set temperature for offices in summer,required by Chinese General Office of the State Council,can be increased to 28 ℃. Moreover,analysis of predicted mean vote(PMV) index shows that a set temperature of 27 ℃,not 26 ℃,is sufficiently comfortable for office staff wearing long-sleeve shirts,long pants and leather shoes.

东方魔橱:1698年The China Cabinet里的中国医疗俗物

1698年,一只庋藏了众多医疗俗物及其他东方博物展品的中国橱柜(The China Cabinet)被捐赠予英国皇家学会,汉斯·斯隆在《哲学汇刊》上发表了对此柜的四篇解说。The China Cabinet内存储的“外科”用刀,修甲、采耳、按摩工具为重构明清中国民俗医疗器物史提供了宝贵的一手资料。在《哲学汇刊》大传统指引下,汉斯·斯隆借助“了解”“同情”的活态叙述、细致严谨的图像语言两项叙述技法成功地全景呈现了The China Cabinet所见中国民俗医疗图景。在表达过程中,包容互鉴的文明对话心态起到了基础而积极的效应。

Non-intrusive temperature rise fault-identification of distribution cabinet based on tensor block-matching

In this study,a novel non-intrusive temperature rise fault-identification method for a distribution cabinet based on tensor block-matching is proposed.Two-stage data repair is used to reconstruct the temperature-field information to support the demand for temperature rise fault-identification of non-intrusive distribution cabinets.In the coarse-repair stage,this method is based on the outside temperature information of the distribution cabinet,using tensor block-matching technology to search for an appropriate tensor block in the temperature-field tensor dictionary,filling the target space area from the outside to the inside,and realizing the reconstruction of the three-dimensional temperature field inside the distribution cabinet.In the fine-repair stage,tensor super-resolution technology is used to fill the temperature field obtained from coarse repair to realize the smoothing of the temperature-field information inside the distribution cabinet.Non-intrusive temperature rise fault-identification is realized by setting clustering rules and temperature thresholds to compare the location of the heat source with the location of the distribution cabinet components.The simulation results show that the temperature-field reconstruction error is reduced by 82.42%compared with the traditional technology,and the temperature rise fault-identification accuracy is greater than 86%,verifying the feasibility and effectiveness of the temperature-field reconstruction and temperature rise fault-identification.

Application of Workflow Technology to Cabinet Dyeing

In this paper, workflow technology is firstly applied to the cabinet dyeing order system for cabinet dyeing unit. The system setup workflow models which conform to the existing system and resource and the system adopts flexible workflow process mechanism to enhance the adaptability and opening and solve the exception and abnormality manipulation. The results show that it can not only provide the better dyeing order process, but also set dyer free from the fussy daily business and predigest task flow and heighten production efficiency.

Fault Analysis of 10-kV Switch Cabinet

Considering the actual operating experience of the Daode Wind Farm, this paper analyzes the rea-sons for the fault of the lO-kV switch cabinet. Some technical improvements and management measures, such as implementing the anti-accident technical measures, improving the installation and debugging level, and strengthening operation inspection, are proposed.

Research on the Application of PLC Control Cabinet in the Construction of Oil Field Internet of Things

PLC control cabinet is mainly used in the construction of oil field Internet of things. PLC is short for “programmer logic controller” in English, and we call it the programmable logic controller. The programmable controller mainly defers to, it which the mature effective black-white control concept and the design concept complete in at present is one kind of new technology, the core electronic device gradual is already invested each domain, became one to have the characteristic series new product that was one can carry on the digital operation and the digital operation computer effectively. So this study control PLC control cabinet in oil , eld application value of construction of the Internet of things, we hope that the content can provide effective reference for the related areas.

Energy Conservation Effect of Refrigerated Cabinets at Supermarket Utilizing the Exhaust Heat from Dispersed Power

Since the nuclear disaster occurred from huge earthquake in Japan 2011, Japanese energy generation system has been expected to prioritize safety and trustworthiness. To meet this requirement, distributed power supply systems are considered to be one of solutions. In this study, we aimed to conserve energy and reduce carbon dioxide emission of supermarket which installed a novel environment-friendly dispersed power. We focused the energy used by refrigerated cabinets. We built small scale model of supermarket which was equipped with dispersed power. From this scale model, the energy conservation effect of supercooling is from 10% to 25% during the summertime and intermediate time. At last, we found that when outside temperature is about 14 ℃ or more, supercooling was effective. In addition, since energy consumption of refrigerated cabinet is influenced by inside enthalpy, we controlled the inside air temperature and humidity by installing desiccant system and examined its effect.

通信户外机柜用温控设备节能措施及运行效果分析

针对目前通信户外机柜存在设备频繁高温报警、空调能耗过高等突出问题,提出以热管为主、空调为辅的温控系统方案,并开发样机,应用于郑州市逸泉小区三联柜移动通信基站。经全年实地测试表明,该温控设备调控机柜温度范围在10~38℃之间,完全符合国家移动通信基站机柜温控要求,机柜内通信设备全年无高温报警,与原门载式空调相比,该温控设备在春夏秋冬各季节能率分别为68.2%,47.0%,64.7%,75.5%,全年节能率高达60.0%,节能效果十分显著。该研究成果对通信户外机柜温控节能具有一定的实用价值。

Mathematical Model of Electric Vehicle Power Consumption for Traveling and Air-Conditioning

In order to make maximum use of the EV （electric vehicle） battery, evaluating the remaining battery capacity and the power consumption is important. Evaluation method of the remaining battery capacity with accuracy has been proposed. Moreover, the evaluation method of the power consumption for traveling has been proposed. However, the power consumption for vehicle-mounted air-conditioner is 30%. It is necessary to calculate the power consumption for both traveling and air-conditioning. In this paper, the authors have constructed a mathematical model which calculates the EV power consumption for both traveling and air-conditioning. The calculated results of this model have been compared to actual traveling data. In addition, factors which have a impact on the EV power consumption have been studied. As a result, the EV power consumption is greately varied by slope resistance, acceleration resistance and required air-conditioning load. Moreover, it is clarified that the air-conditioner consumes approximately 25% to 50% of the total power consumption in a hot summer day. In addition, the acceleration and the air-conditioning load differ depending on each vehicle driver. Therefore, in order to evaluate the EV power consumption practically, it is necessary to reflect the characteristics of each vehicle driver.

基于FMEA法的住院药房智能药柜用药安全研究

目的提高住院药房智能药柜(ADC)的用药安全管理。方法采用失效模型和效应分析(FMEA)法,经医院护士、药师等讨论后,从信息系统、人员操作、药品信息、硬件设备、管理方法5个方面建立20个失效模型(包括32个风险点),汇总为调查问卷,并通过专家咨询和药师讨论后建立问卷评分标准。于干预前发放问卷进行调查,根据发现的风险对其中30个可操作的风险点设定干预措施,持续干预5个月后(干预后)再次进行问卷调查,比较干预前后的风险优先级数(RPN)。结果干预后,30个风险点的RPN值均不同程度降低,其中22个显著降低(P<0.05)。管理方法方面的全部风险点RPN值均显著降低(P<0.05);硬件设备方面的全部风险点RPN值均无显著改变(P>0.05)。结论FMEA法用于住院药房ADC的用药安全研究,可减少其用药风险,促进药护共同管理安全使用ADC规则的形成,尤其适用于麻醉药品等特殊药品的用药管理。