Box-Behnken响应面法结合层次分析法优化萸仙茅炮制工艺

目的优选萸仙茅炮制工艺。方法在单因素试验基础上,以料液比、炒制时间和炒制温度为影响因素,以仙茅苷、苔黑酚葡萄糖苷、苔黑酚龙胆二糖苷含量及外观性状的综合评分为评价指标,利用Box-Behnken响应面法结合层次分析法优化萸仙茅最佳炮制工艺,并进行工艺验证。结果萸仙茅最佳炮制工艺为:取生仙茅饮片,加入等量吴茱萸汁拌匀,置密闭容器内,闷润至药汁被完全吸尽,于130℃炒制6min,取出,60℃干燥。每100kg仙茅用吴茱萸10kg。吴茱萸汁制法:取吴茱萸10kg,加12倍量水浸泡60min,煎煮50min,提取3次,合并滤液,浓缩至100kg。结论本研究优化所得萸仙茅的炮制工艺可行、稳定。

High mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system:regeneration hidden beneath inflammation

High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and neuroscience.High-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain injury.Several drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system disorders.Although it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system disorders.In this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory role.Research targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.

基于Box-Behnken设计-响应面法优化调肝活血稳压颗粒提取工艺及其质量标准的研究

目的优化调肝活血稳压颗粒的提取工艺,并对其质量标准进行研究。方法本研究以浸膏得率及丹酚酸B的转移率的综合评分为指标,采用单因素考察结合Box-Behnken设计-响应面法优化调肝活血稳压颗粒的提取工艺,采用薄层色谱法对方中药材进行鉴别。结果确定最终提取工艺为:第一次加入10倍量水煎煮90 min,第二次加入6倍量水煎煮60 min。测定方法结果准确可靠。薄层色谱法检测出天麻、栀子、丹参等三味中药的特征性斑点。结论优化后的提取工艺操作简单,提取效果良好,结果稳定可靠。

Plackett-Burman联用Box-Behnken响应面法优选伤痛凝胶贴膏基质处方的研究

目的优选伤痛凝胶贴膏基质处方的配比。方法在单因素试验基础上,采用Plackett-Burman联用Box-Behnken响应面法,以感官评价、初黏力、持黏力作为伤痛凝胶贴膏的综合评价指标,优选伤痛凝胶贴膏基质处方。结果优选的伤痛凝胶贴膏基质处方为NP-7002.82 g,甘羟铝0.15 g,甘油11.02 g,PVPK902.50 g,高岭土0.50 g,酒石酸0.14 g。结论优选的伤痛凝胶贴膏有很好的黏性和成型性,顺应性好,便于临床推广使用。

基于Box-Behnken设计-响应面法优化败毒止泻提取物制备工艺研究

为探索败毒止泻提取物的合理提取工艺,提高秦皮甲素和秦皮乙素总含量以及复方浸出物出膏率,选择影响试验指标的提取次数、提取时间、加水量等3个核心因素进行单因素试验,以最优单因素为影响因子,采用Box-Behnken中心组合设计建立数学模型,考察相关参数对综合评分的影响程度。结果表明,败毒止泻提取物的最佳提取条件为提取3次,提取时间为1.5 h,加水量为12倍水;模型预测综合评分为96.932,验证值为96.757,理论值与验证值相对误差为0.18%。优化后的败毒止泻提取物标准工艺为中试生产转化以及临床使用的顺应性奠定了基础。

Construction and realization of the knowledge base and inference engine of an IDSS model for air-conditioning cooling/heating sources selection

The knowledge representation mode and inference control strategy were analyzed according to the specialties of air-conditioning cooling/heating sources selection. The constructing idea and working procedure for knowledge base and inference engine were proposed while the realization technique of the C language was discussed. An intelligent decision support system (IDSS) model based on such knowledge representation and inference mechanism was developed by domain engineers. The model was verified to have a small kernel and powerful capability in list processing and data driving, which was successfully used in the design of a cooling/heating sources system for a large-sized office building.

Application of water loop variable refrigerant flow air-conditioning system in large-scale buildings in northern China

A water loop variable refrigerant flow（WLVRF）air-conditioning system is designed to be applied in large-scale buildings in northern China.The system is energy saving and it is an integrated system consisting of a variable refrigerant flow（VRF）air-conditioning unit,a water loop and an air source heat pump.The water loop transports energy among different regions in the buildings instead of refrigerant pipes,decreasing the scale of the VRF air-conditioning unit and improving the performance.Previous models for refrigerants and building loads are cited in this investigation.Mathematical models of major equipment and other elements of the system are established using the lumped parameter method based on the DATAFIT software and the MATLAB software.The performance of the WLVRF system is simulated.The initial investments and the running costs are calculated based on the results of market research.Finally,a contrast is carried out between the WLVRF system and the traditional VRF system.The results show that the WLVRF system has a better working condition and lower running costs than the traditional VRF system.

Entropy Assessment on Environmental Influence of Condense Heat in Recovery System in Air-Conditioning Refrigerating Machine

This paper presented an entropy evaluation method for the influences of condense heat recovery system on the environment.Aiming at the damage of the condense heat to the environment,an entropy of resource loss and an emission entropy from the condense heat recovery system in the air conditioning refrigerating machine were introduced.For the evaluation of the entropies,we developed a new algorithm for the parameter identification,called the composite influence coefficient,based on the Least Squares Support Vector Machine method.By simulation,the numerical experiments shows that the Least Squares Support Vector Machine method is one of the powerful methods for the parameter identification to compute the damage entropy of the condense heat,with the largest training error being-0.025(the relative error being-3.56%),and the biggest test error being 0.015(the relative error being 2.5%).

Impact of summer office set air-conditioning temperature on energy consumption and thermal comfort

To explore the relationship between summer office set air-conditioning temperature and energy consumption related to air conditioning use to provide human thermal comfort,a comparison experiment was conducted in three similar offices at temperatures of 24,26 and 28 ℃ respectively. A thermal comfort questionnaire survey was conducted. It is demonstrated that air-conditioner energy consumption at the set temperature of 28 ℃ is 113% and 271% lower than at 26 ℃ and 24 ℃,respectively. A linear relationship exists between air-conditioner energy consumption and the indoor and outdoor temperature difference. When comfortably dressed,over 80% of research participants accept the set temperature of 28 ℃. The regression analysis leads to a neutral temperature of 26.2 ℃ and an acceptable temperature of 28.2 ℃ for over 80% of the research participants subjects,indicating that the current 26 ℃ set temperature for offices in summer,required by Chinese General Office of the State Council,can be increased to 28 ℃. Moreover,analysis of predicted mean vote(PMV) index shows that a set temperature of 27 ℃,not 26 ℃,is sufficiently comfortable for office staff wearing long-sleeve shirts,long pants and leather shoes.

Genetic Optimization Algorithm of PID Decoupling Control for VAV Air-Conditioning System

Variable-air-volume (VAV) air-conditioning system is a multi-variable system and has multi coupling control loops. While all of the control loops are working together, they interfere and influence each other. A multivariable decoupling PID controller is designed for VAV air-conditioning system. Diagonal matrix decoupling method is employed to eliminate the coupling between the loop of supply air temperature and that of thermal-space air temperature. The PID controller parameters are optimized by means of an improved genetic algorithm in floating point representations to obtain better performance. The population in the improved genetic algorithm mutates before crossover, which is helpful for the convergence. Additionally the micro mutation algorithm is proposed and applied to improve the convergence during the later evolution. To search the best parameters, the optimized parameters ranges should be amplified 10 times the initial ideal parameters. The simulation and experiment results show that the decoupling control system is effective and feasible. The method can overcome the strong coupling feature of the system and has shorter governing time and less over-shoot than non-optimization PID control.

Selection of Weather Parameters for Air-Conditioning System Design for Buildings with Long Thermal Lag

Two building factors-a longer thermal lag of more than one hour for building envelops and a lag of indoor radiation to convert into cooling load-have impact on the instantaneous heat input and instantaneous cooling load.So the two factors should be taken into account when selecting the weather parameters for air-conditioning system design.This paper developed a new statistic method for the rational selection of coincident solar irradiance,dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures.The method was applied to historic weather records of 25 years in Hong Kong to generate coincident design weather data.And the results show that traditional design solar irradiance,dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures may be significantly overestimated in many conditions,and the design weather data for the three different constructions is not kept constant.

基于Box-Behnken设计-响应面法优化酒黄精炮制工艺

目的采用Box-Behnken设计-响应面法(Box-Behnken design-response surface method,BBD-RSM)对黄精炮制工艺进行优化,筛选最佳工艺参数。方法研究于2023年1—5月开展。以黄精外观性状、醇浸出物、多糖含量等为评价指标,基于单因素试验进行响应面综合实验,运用BBD-RSM,探索黄精饮片润制时间、蒸制时间、焖制时间等对其品质的影响,优选炮制工艺参数及炮制设备。结果通过拟合模型,外观性状评分、醇浸出物含量、黄精多糖含量预测值分别为72.31分、64.86%、12.96%,优选黄精最佳酒制工艺为润制时间1.5 h、蒸制时间5.5 h、焖制时间1.0 h;蒸制设备拟选用回转式蒸药机,干燥设备拟选用敞开式烘干箱。结论所优选酒黄精炮制工艺合理、可行,为酒黄精炮制生产工艺及设备选型提供了依据。

基于Box-Behnken响应面法优化方便藜麦粥制备工艺

以复水率、复水时间和感官品质为指标,通过单因素试验优选方便藜麦粥的最佳浸泡温度、料水比和蒸煮时间;利用Box-Behnken响应面法优化其制备工艺,并采用加权法计算综合得分。结果表明,最佳制备工艺为浸泡温度41℃,料水比1∶9,蒸煮时间23 min。经验证试验,其综合得分为96.08,与理论预测值(96.43)的相对偏差为0.35%(<5.0%)。优化的方便藜麦粥制备工艺为其开发应用提供重要支撑。

Box-Behnken响应面法优化葛根异黄酮提取纯化工艺及损伤心肌细胞治疗作用研究

目的:采用Box-Behnken响应面优化葛根异黄酮最佳提取工艺,并研究葛根异黄酮对损伤心肌细胞的治疗作用。方法:在单因素实验的基础上,以料液比、提取时间、溶剂浓度为考察因素,以3'-羟基葛根素、葛根素、3'-甲氧基葛根素、大豆苷的含量为评价指标,采用Box-Behnken响应面法设计实验,以葛根异黄酮总提取率为考察指标,通过分析回归方程模型,优选最佳提取工艺并验证工艺;采用MTT法检测葛根异黄酮对损伤心肌细胞的治疗作用。结果:Box-Behnken响应面法优化得到葛根异黄酮最佳提取工艺为:料液比为30 mg·mL^(-1),提取时间为100 min,乙醇体积分数为73%,葛根异黄酮的总提取率平均值为41.6 mg·g^(-1),与预测值42.08 mg·g^(-1),相对误差0.81%;葛根异黄酮对H 2O_(2)损伤的缺氧复氧模型和Na 2S_(2)O 4损伤的缺血再灌注模型OD值分别为0.7436±0.0292和0.7457±0.0094,细胞存活率分别为81.32%和73.41%。结论:优选葛根抗氧化活性异黄酮最佳工艺稳定,预测模型效果良好,且葛根异黄酮对心肌缺血有良好的治疗作用。

The Experiment and Simulation of Solid Desiccant Dehumidification for Air-Conditioning System in a Tropical Humid Climate

The aim of this research was to study and design a solid desiccant dehumidification system suitable for tropical climate to reduce the latent load of air-conditioning system and improve the thermal comfort. Different dehumidifiers such as desiccant column and desiccant wheel were investigated. The ANSYS and TRASYS software were used to predict the results of dehumidifiers and the desiccant cooling systems, respectively. The desiccant bed contained approximately 15 kg of silica-gel, with 3 mm average diameter. Results indicated that the pressure drop and the adsorption rate of desiccant column are usually higher than those of the desiccant wheel. The feasible and practical adsorption rate of desiccant wheel was 0.102 kgw/h at air flow rate 1.0 kg/min, regenerated air temperature of 55?C and at a wheel speed of 2.5 rpm. The humidity ratio of conditioning space and cooling load of split-type air conditioner was decreased to 0.002 kgw/kgda (14%) and 0.71 kWth (19.26%), respectively. Consequently, the thermal comfort was improved from 0.5 PMV (10.12% PPD) to 0.3 PMV (7.04% PPD).

An Energy-Saving Control Strategy on Central Air-Conditioning System

An energy-saving control strategy based on predictive control for central air-conditioning systems is proposed in this paper. The cold load model is developed to describe the dynamic characteristics of temperature control systems, and then parameters in the cold load model and in the central air-conditioning system model are estimated. Generalized predictive control (GPC) is used to establish an optimization model to minimize the consumption of energy and the control error of temperature. The simulated annealing (SA) algorithm, combined with quadratic programming, is adopted to solve the optimal problem. Contrasted with the simulation of traditional PID control, the results prove the effectiveness of this proposed strategy.

多指标综合评分法结合Box-Behnken响应面法优选栀子茯苓压片糖果的提取工艺

以提取液中栀子苷含量及干膏率作为考察指标,在单因素试验基础上采用直接回流提取法、多指标综合评分法结合Box-Behnken响应面法考察了乙醇浓度、提取时间和料液比3个因素对提取工艺的影响。结果表明,制剂的最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度75%,提取时间120 min,料液比17倍,栀子苷平均含量为3.17%,平均干膏率为11.33%,综合评分平均值为98.30(n=3,RSD=0.18%)。该工艺合理可行,有效成分提取率高,适合大规模生产。

Box-Behnken响应面法优选紫斑牡丹中丹皮酚和芍药苷提取工艺

目的优选紫斑牡丹中丹皮酚和芍药苷的提取工艺。方法在单因素试验基础上,以液料比、提取时间和乙醇体积分数为影响因素,以丹皮酚和芍药苷提取率的总权重综合评分为评价指标,采用Box-Behnken响应面法优选最佳提取工艺,并进行验证试验。结果最佳提取工艺为液料比28倍,提取时间150 min,乙醇体积分数52%。此工艺条件下,丹皮酚提取率为0.49%(RSD=1.33%,n=3),芍药苷提取率为5.38%(RSD=1.07%,n=3)。结论该提取工艺稳定、可行,可用于紫斑牡丹中丹皮酚和芍药苷的提取。

Application of Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation to Air-conditioning Competitive Power Analysis

As the conceptual design of air-conditioning is done using the theory of Quality Function Deployment (QFD),cus- tomer requirements should be understood and the product competitive power be analyzed as exactly as possible for new product de- signing.Lots of information in the process of this research is fuzzy and uncertain,but traditional QFD can not deal with it well. Fuzzy theory can solve the problem.So a fuzzy model for analyzing product competitive power is formulated in this paper to im- prove traditional QFD,after that it is applied to analyze air-conditioning competitive power.When air-conditioning competitive power is analyzed using this model,firstly the importance weight of the customer requirements o fair-conditioning is determined us- ing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) weighting process,then air-conditloning competitive power is evaluated using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.It is proved that the model is feasible and has good applicability.

蓝莓B-box型锌指蛋白基因家族的鉴定及其在果实发育期的表达模式

B-box(BBX)基因家族成员在植物生长发育中起重要作用.为探究BBX在蓝莓果实成熟发育过程中的作用,通过生物信息学的方法鉴定BBX基因家族成员,并对其进行染色体定位、系统进化关系、基因结构、启动子顺式作用元件及表达模式分析.结果表明:在蓝莓基因组中鉴定出38个BBX基因成员,基因结构保守,外显子平均个数为3.13,这些基因可分成Ⅰ~Ⅲ3个亚族,不均匀分布于23条染色体;BBX基因的启动子序列中存在光响应、植物激素响应、胁迫响应和植物生长发育等4类顺式作用元件;VcBBX基因成员在‘Star’和‘O’Neal’蓝莓果实发育过程中存在显著性差异表达,VcBBX9,VcBBX16,VcBBX25和VcBBX20在S8表达量最高,VcBBX26在S6表达量最高,VcBBX30在S3表达量最高.研究结果将为进一步探究BBX型锌指蛋白在蓝莓果实发育过程中的功能奠定基础.