Construction and realization of the knowledge base and inference engine of an IDSS model for air-conditioning cooling/heating sources selection

The knowledge representation mode and inference control strategy were analyzed according to the specialties of air-conditioning cooling/heating sources selection. The constructing idea and working procedure for knowledge base and inference engine were proposed while the realization technique of the C language was discussed. An intelligent decision support system (IDSS) model based on such knowledge representation and inference mechanism was developed by domain engineers. The model was verified to have a small kernel and powerful capability in list processing and data driving, which was successfully used in the design of a cooling/heating sources system for a large-sized office building.

Field experimental study on the cooling effect of mine cooling system acquiring cold source from return air

With the increase of mining depth, more and deeper coal mines are limited by heat disaster. The cooling energy in deep mine cooling system comes from mine water inrush or ground cooling tower, but we cannot adopt the two methods because mine water inrush in many old coal mines in China is limited. What is more, the cooling pipelines cannot be put in narrow pit-shaft. To settle the problem above, according to the characteristics of Zhangxiaolou Coal Mine, this paper adopts the deep mine return air as the cooling energy for deep mine cooling system. In addition, we carried out cite test to extract cold energy from return air. Through monitoring the water quantity, water temperature of cooling system and air temperature, we got the thermodynamic equilibrium parameters during the cooling energy acquisition analysis and the effect of cooling system that the temperature and humidity on working face are respectively reduced to 8-12 ℃ and 8-15% through cooling. This research offers experimental reference for deep mine cooling which lacks cooling energy.

Designing the cooling system of a hybrid electric vehicle with multi-heat source

In order to reduce the power consumption and meet the cooling demand of every heat source component, three kinds of multi-heat source cooling system schemes were designed base on the characteristic of power split hybrid electric vehicle （HEV）. Using the numerical simulation meth- od, the power system heat transfer model was built. By comparing the performance of three differ- ent schemes through the Simulink simulation, the best cooling system scheme was found. Base on characteristics of these cooling system structures, the reasonableness of the simulation results were analyzed and verified. The results showed that the cooling system designation based on the numerical simulation could describe the cooling system performance accurately. This method could simplify the design process, improve design efficiency and provide a new way for designing a multi-heat source vehicle cooling system.

Analysis of Solar Direct-Driven Organic Rankine Cycle Powered Vapor Compression Cooling System Combined with Electric Motor for Office Building Air-Conditioning

Solar energy powered organic Rankine cycle vapor compression cycle(ORC-VCC)is a good alternative to convert solar heat into a cooling effect.In this study,an ORC-VCC system driven by solar energy combined with electric motor is proposed to ensure smooth operation under the conditions that solar radiation is unstable and discontinuous,and an office building located in Guangzhou,China is selected as a case study.The results show that beam solar radiation and generation temperature have considerable effects on the system performance.There is an optimal generation temperature at which the system achieves optimum performance.Also,as a key indicator,the cooling power per square meter collector should be considered in the hybrid solar cooling system in design process.Compared to the vapor compression cooling system,the hybrid cooling system can save almost 68.23%of electricity consumption.

6-47 Primary Research of ILC Positron Source Target Cooling

In recent years, the idea for undulator based Positron source had become a current design for international linear Collider (ILC). This design is that the beam from the electron main linac passes through a long helical undulator to generate a highly polarized and multi-Mev photon beam which hits a thin metal rotating target to generate showers of Positron[1]. During this procedure, the multi-Kev energy Positron will heat target and then damage the rotating target system[2].

Experimental Study of Air Conditioning Unit of Evaporative Cooling Assisted Mechanical Refrigeration

The evaporative cooling,which assists the refrigeration machinery air-conditioning systems test-rig,has been designed.Its structure and working principle were described,and the performance test was conducted and analyzed.The test shows that making full use of the evaporative cooling "free cooling" in Spring and Autumn seasons can fully meet the requirements of air-conditioned comfort through the switch of the function in different seasons.Taking into account the evaporative cooling fan and pump energy consumption,compared with the traditional mechanical refrigeration system,more than 80 percent of energy can be saved,and the energy efficiency ratio of the Unit(EER)is as high as 7.63.Using the two stages of indirect evaporative cooling to pre-cool the new wind in summer,under the conditions of the same air supply temperature requirements,0.83 kg/s chilled water saved can be equivalent to the traditional mechanical refrigeration system,and when the new wind ratio up to 50 percent,more than 10 percent load was reduced in mechanical refrigeration system.The overall EER increased about 35 percent.

Simulation of embedded heat exchangers of solar aided ground source heat pump system

Aimed at unbalance of soil temperature field of ground source heat pump system, solar aided energy storage system was established. In solar assisted ground-source heat pump (SAGSHP) system with soil storage, solar energy collected in three seasons was stored in the soil by vertical U type soil exchangers. The heat abstracted by the ground-source heat pump and collected by the solar collector was employed to heating. Some of the soil heat exchangers were used to store solar energy in the soil so as to be used in next winter after this heating period; and the others were used to extract cooling energy directly in the soil by circulation pump for air conditioning in summer. After that solar energy began to be stored in the soil and ended before heating period. Three dimensional dynamic numerical simulations were built for soil and soil heat exchanger through finite element method. Simulation was done in different strata month by month. Variation and restoration of soil temperature were studied. Economy and reliability of long term SAGSHP system were revealed. It can be seen that soil temperature is about 3 ℃ higher than the original one after one year's running. It is beneficial for the system to operate for long period.

Tuning the velocity and flux of a low-velocity intense source of cold atomic beam

We investigate experimentally and numerically the quantitative dependence of characteristics of a low-velocity intensity source（LVIS） of atomic beam on light parameters, especially the polarization of cooling laser along the atomic beam axis（pushing beam）. By changing the polarization of the pushing beam, the longitudinal mean velocity of a rubidium atomic beam can be tuned continuously from 10 to 20 m/s and the flux can range from 3 × 10^-8 to 1 × 10^-9 atoms/s, corresponding to the maximum sensitivity of the velocity with respect to the polarization angle of 20（m/s）/rad and the mean sensitivity of flux of 1.2 × 10^-9（atoms/s）/rad. The mechanism is explained with a Monte-Carlo based numerical simulation method, which shows a qualitative agreement with the experimental result. This is also a demonstration of a method enabling the fast and continuous modulation of a low-velocity intense source of cold atomic beam on the velocity or flux,which can be used in many fields, like the development of a cold atomic beam interferometer and atom lithography.

Initiative Optimization Operation Strategy and Multi-objective Energy Management Method for Combined Cooling Heating and Power

This paper proposed an initiative optimization operation strategy and multi-objective energy management method for combined cooling heating and power U+0028 CCHP U+0029 with storage systems. Initially, the initiative optimization operation strategy of CCHP system in the cooling season, the heating season and the transition season was formulated. The energy management of CCHP system was optimized by the multi-objective optimization model with maximum daily energy efficiency, minimum daily carbon emissions and minimum daily operation cost based on the proposed initiative optimization operation strategy. Furthermore, the pareto optimal solution set was solved by using the niche particle swarm multi-objective optimization algorithm. Ultimately, the most satisfactory energy management scheme was obtained by using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution U+0028 TOPSIS U+0029 method. A case study of CCHP system used in a hospital in the north of China validated the effectiveness of this method. The results showed that the satisfactory energy management scheme of CCHP system was obtained based on this initiative optimization operation strategy and multi-objective energy management method. The CCHP system has achieved better energy efficiency, environmental protection and economic benefits. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Review on effect of applied internal cooling source and vibration on metal solidification process

Advancements in metallurgical technology have led to the emergence of high-performance requirements for metal materials,like high uniformity,high purity,and superfine crystallinity.This has resulted in the development and application of internal cooling source(ICS),vibrational,and vibrational internal cooling source methods in metal solidification processes to afford products with refined crystal grains and large proportions of equiaxed crystals.These methods have gradually been introduced into laboratories and some steel mills over the past few decades.However,there are few successful industrial applications of these methods,as there is no comprehensive understanding of their control theories and principles.Accordingly,the development,basic principles,and classifications of the three types of methods are summarized,and their impact on the solidification of molten metals and the morphology of solid products is discussed.In addition,experimental and numerical simulation-based researches on each type of method are reviewed and their prospects for applications are briefly discussed to control metal solidification.Finally,detailed future perspectives are provided on vibratory strip feeding,ICS,and pulsed magneto-oscillation methods.Hopefully,it will serve as a reference for future studies of the application of these and related methods in metal solidification processes.

西门子Force双源CT故障维修案例分析与探讨

西门子Force双源CT属于高端CT,设备整体配置高、性能佳、应用范围广、稳定性好,在医院运行中发挥了巨大作用。由于设备使用量大,故障时有发生,且设备集成程度较高、整体维修难度大。本文详细分析了使用过程中发生的水冷系统、患者检查床、探测器电源3例故障的故障排除过程,并通过更换三通阀、维护升降电机轴承、焊接X10接头解决故障,节省了维修费用,并为同行维修此类故障提供参考。

某大科学装置项目工艺冷却水系统设计

介绍了某在建大科学装置项目的工艺冷却水系统设计,包括服务对象、系统形式、系统组成、水温控制策略、流量控制策略等方面的内容。简述了热回收型水源热泵在工艺冷却水系统中的应用方案,并对工艺冷却水系统设计后续可开展的工作和研究提出了3个方向。

专科医院手术室双冷源全生命周期节能性探讨与实践——以中山大学中山眼科中心手术室为例

专科医院可根据其特殊的负荷特性,选择最优的手术室冷源对全生命周期进行节能。文章从理论分析论证了专科手术室采用水冷与风冷双冷源的系统形式的节能性,并以中山大学中山眼科中心手术室为例,以眼科手术室双冷源的实际改造建设情况及不同季节与不同水温运维能耗数据给出分析,提出在过渡季或冬季时,针对改造过的双冷源系统,采用集中冷源供冷未必比利用风冷式机组更加节能,并提出双机组出水应考虑垂直温升冷损,为国内专科手术室双冷源提供参考。

冷金属过渡电弧增材制造高强钢过程中温度场的数值模拟

基于冷金属过渡(CMT)高频熄弧的特性,在双椭球热源模型的基础上建立了动态热源模型,采用ABAQUS软件建立了高强钢CMT电弧增材制造单道十层成形件的有限元模型,对成形过程中的温度场进行模拟,并与试验结果进行对比;采用模拟方法研究了层间冷却时间(30,60,90 s)和基板预热温度(20,200,300℃)对温度场的影响规律。结果表明:模拟得到基板表面距焊道中心20.5 mm处的热循环曲线的变化趋势与试验结果基本一致,波峰和波谷温度的相对误差均在10%以内,证明了模型的准确性。沉积下一层时仅对前一层起到重熔作用;在沉积过程中,熄弧端的峰值温度高于起弧端,而在冷却过程中,两端温度差逐渐降低。随着层间冷却时间的延长,熔池最高温度降低且熔池存在的时间变短,在冷却阶段的冷却速率增大但其增大的程度降低,成形件两端温度差降低,最佳层间冷却时间为90 s;随着基板预热温度的升高,熔池的最高温度和熔池尺寸均增加,最大波谷温度差先减小后增大,在基板预热200℃条件下,成形件的最大波谷温度差最小,温度分布更加均匀。

采用冷却塔补偿的地埋管地源热泵热平衡系统控制研究

采用冷却塔补偿来减少夏季土壤排热量的做法是地埋管地源热泵最常见的一种热平衡措施,但目前与其相适应的控制策略尚不够完善。在此,针对采用冷却塔补偿的地埋管地源热泵热平衡系统,提出一种以效率优先和热量补偿双模式运行的控制策略。这种控制策略明确了冷却塔与地埋管双向切换的条件,可以在保持地埋管地下热平衡前提下提高地源热泵系统的工作效率,并能够自动适应不同负荷特点的建筑物。

车载雷达液冷源的模块化设计方法研究

文中分析了车载雷达液冷源设计中存在非标定制、种类多样的问题,根据液冷源的产品特点,重点针对高度受限的液冷源开展模块化设计方法研究。研制了一种基于R410a制冷剂的30 k W标准制冷模块,并开展了制冷模块的性能测试、环境适应性测试和集成验证。该标准制冷模块可通用、可互换、数量可编辑、可扩展,适配于不同规格的液冷源,可大大缩短液冷源的研制周期,降低研制和维护成本,为液冷源的标准化和系列化设计提供借鉴。

基于土壤蓄冷的新型果蔬预冷方案的模拟计算

如何利用自然冷源一直都是热点话题。季节性土壤蓄冷目前在舒适性空调领域已经有了相关的应用案例,但冷链物流的温度都一般都在0~5℃或-18℃,空调的系统温度一般难以满足其要求,因此在冷链物流方向的应用还是较少。在冷链物流的各个环节中,果蔬等农产品采摘后的预冷是全程冷链的第一步也是关键一步,但由于其耗能较大,源头地缘限制等因素导致其不能大面积铺开,造成食品在冷链中出现腐烂和过熟。本文基于土壤蓄冷构造了一种新型的果蔬预冷方案,探讨其节能效果。

夏热冬冷地区空调冷热源配置的多目标优化

为实现“双碳”背景下清零建筑直接碳排放的目标,夏热冬冷地区建筑空调冷热源越来越多地采用空气源热泵加水冷式冷水机组的复合架构。其中,空气源热泵冬季供热,夏季与水冷式机组共同供冷。由于空气源热泵供冷能效较低,提高水冷式机组容量配置,尽可能使之分担更多的冷负荷,有利于降低系统供冷能耗,但系统投资也将随之上升。因此,有必要研究复合架构下空调冷热源配置的综合优化方法。利用层次分析法,计算空调冷热源系统的节能性、环保性、经济性、节材性等不同目标维度的权重,建立空调冷热源的综合优化目标函数。设计空调冷热源配置的优化流程,并以上海某办公建筑为例进行分析。结果表明,随着水冷机组容量的增加,空调冷热源系统的全年能耗降低,耗材生产能耗、折算年费上升,而碳排放呈先降后升的规律。多目标优化方法可以更好地实现各项指标之间的平衡,为相关研究及实际项目决策提供参考。

基于热源量化的高温隧道动态综合降温措施研究

为了实现高温隧道降温措施动态化、精准化设计,基于理论分析和现场实测,依托某高岩(水)温铁路隧道,对隧道内的高温热水、围岩、施工机械、水泥水化、爆破、施工人员散热量及不同降温措施冷量进行了理论分析研究,并根据风流温度和能量平衡原理得到了不同工况下高温隧道的冷量缺口。结果表明:高温围岩和超高温热水是隧道内的主要热源,其中高温热水散热量比例达到总散热量的50%以上;洞内放置冰块产生的冷量较小,通风带来的冷量较大,但其冷量会随着通风距离的增加而减小,其衰减规律可用二次曲线近似表示;200 m^(3)/h高温热水理论计算得到的换热风流温度31.8℃与现场实测温度31.0℃基本吻合。本文采用的分析方法获得的冷量缺口可作为选择机械制冷和降温措施动态化设计的理论依据,也可为类似的高温隧道降温设计提供参考。

利用冷凝侧回收热调控供液温度特性分析

针对某型液冷源供液温度波动较大以及冷凝侧热无利用排放问题,通过对系统工作原理和冷凝侧换热器结构等方面进行分析,提出可以利用冷凝侧回收热控制供液温度波动或实现供液温度的精确控制。建立了冷凝侧换热器的计算模型,并计算出系统冷凝侧空气进、出口温度、冷凝温度和冷却液出口温度等工作参数,以及在不同工况下的热回收量。结果表明,通过冷凝侧热回收的方式对液冷源供液温度进行调控,能够抑制供液温度波动,避免压缩机频繁启停,提高液冷源工作稳定性;冷凝侧热回收时,最大冷却液旁通流量为总流量的50%左右最为合适,并总结了系统制冷量与总热负荷能够实现平衡的工况区域。研究结论结果可为相关领域冷凝侧热利用提供参考。