Design and Analysis of Electro-mechanical Hybrid Anti-lock Braking System for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Utilizing Motor Regenerative Braking

Braking on low adhesion-coefficient roads, hybrid electric vehicle＇s motor regenerative torque is switched off to safeguard the normal anti-lock braking system （ABS） fimction. When the ABS control is terminated, the motor regenerative braking is readmitted. Aiming at avoiding permanent cycles from hydraulic anti-lock braking to motor regenerative braking, a novel electro-mechanical hybrid anti-lock braking system using fuzzy logic is designed. Different from the traditional single control structure, this system has a two-layered hierarchical structure, The first layer is responsible for harmonious adjustment or interaction between regenerative system and anti-lock braking system. The second layer is responsible for braking torque distribution and adjustment. The closed-loop simulation model is built. Control strategy and method for coordination between regenerative and anti-lock braking are developed. Simulation braking on low adhesion-coefficient roads with fuzzy logic control and real vehicle braking field test are presented. The results from simulating analysis and experiment show braking performance of the vehicle is perfect, harmonious coordination between regenerative and anti-lock braking function, significant amount of braking energy can be recovered and the proposed control strategy and method are effective.

Regenerative braking control for hybrid electric vehicles under decelerating condition

The operating mode of a single shaft hybrid electric vehicle （SSHEV） in which the electric motor exerts negative torque on the shaft to imitate engine braking is analyzed. The method of determining the quantity of regenerative braking torque is proposed with the premise that the braking intensity required by the driver is satisfied. On this basis, factors that affect torque generated by the motor are listed, and how the battery＇ s temperature and state of charge （ SOC ） restrict and correct the braking torque is expounded. Finally, road test results show that the motor＇ s constant power or constant torque control is an effective way to recover the mechanical energy during decelerating.

An Investigation into Regenerative Braking Control Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Energy regeneration during braking is an important technique for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) to improve their fuel economy and extend their driving range. Due to the effect of regenerative braking torque which is added by electric motor, the braking torque distribution between front and rear axles should be changed and the control logic of anti-lock braking system (ABS) ought to be adjusted according to the regenerative braking torque. This paper put forward a braking control strategy for hybrid electric vehicle; the control strategy is implemented with eight DOFs (Degree-of-Freedom) nonlinear vehicle forward simulation model which is built under the environment of Matlab/Simulink. Based on target wheel slip ratio, a fuzzy logic approach was applied to maintain the optimal target slip ratio so that best compromise between hydraulic torque and regenerative torque can be obtained for the vehicle.

Electro-mechanical Braking Method in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Based on Feedback Control Theory

In this paper, the hybrid electric vehicle braking process is researched, by using variables consists of HEV speed, motor speed, and state of charge established, fimctions of mechanical braking force, regenerative braking force and efficiency of energy recovery are constructed, and the control goal is to maximization the energy recovery efficiency. Under the feedback control strategy, with the constrain condition of braking strength and braking stability, combining experiments in ADVISOR, in different experiments of different working conditions, we can see that in UDDS Cycle, the regenerative braking efficiency is the best. What＇s more, compared with strategies in ADVISOR, strategy proposed in this paper is obviously better.

A Novel Braking Control Strategy for Hybrid Electric Buses Based on Vehicle Mass and Road Slope Estimation

Proper braking force distribution strategies can improve both stability and economy performance of hybrid electric vehicles,which is prominently proved by many studies.To achieve better dynamic stable performance and higher energy recovery efficiency,an effective braking control strategy for hybrid electric buses(HEB)based on vehicle mass and road slope estimation is proposed in this paper.Firstly,the road slope and the vehicle mass are estimated by a hybrid algorithm of extended Kalman filter(EKF)and recursive least square(RLS).Secondly,the total braking torque of HEB is calculated by the sliding mode controller(SMC),which uses the information of brake intensity,whole vehicle mass,and road slope.Finally,comprehensively considering driver’s braking intention and regulations of the Economic Commission for Europe(ECE),the optimal proportional relationship between regenerative braking and pneumatic braking is obtained.Furthermore,related simulations and experiments are carried out on the hardware-in-the-loop test bench.Results show that the proposed strategy can effectively improve the braking performance and increase the recovered energy through precise control of the braking torque.

电液混合动力系统关键技术及能量管理研究综述

现有混合动力驱动技术以油电、油液混合动力为主,旨在提高传统燃油车辆的能量利用率、降低油耗和排放.基于液压技术的大功率密度及能量再生优势,电液混合动力系统可在全速工况范围内实现能量高效利用,提高纯电驱系统的功率密度,有效改善电动车辆续驶里程及蓄电池循环使用寿命.本文对电液混合动力系统构型、能量回收技术、能量释放模式及控制策略等相关研究成果的进展、现状及发展趋势进行综述,分析了利用电液混合动力构型与先进能量管理策略提升纯电动车辆动力性能与能量利用率的可行性技术方案与应用前景.根据已有研究成果,装备电液混合动力系统后车辆最大可降低约40%的能量消耗,在能量高效利用方面具有显著优势.对于电液混合动力系统而言,液压能再生、耦合与释放等与行驶场景及电机工况点密切相关,研究重点应解决动力耦合、再生制动与能量管理等关键技术,从而提升动力系统的综合性能特别是功率密度与节能特性.

基于潮流转移装置的混合储能接入牵引供电系统控制策略研究

采用单相工频交流制式的电气化铁路具有无污染、运输效率高的优点,但在现有的牵引供电系统中,负序和再生制动能量利用的问题较为突出。因此,文章提出了一种集成混合储能系统的潮流转移拓扑。文章分析了集成混合储能的潮流转移装置的拓扑结构,研究了削峰、填谷、再生制动和同相运行模式及其能量管理策略;为减少系统损耗,进一步提高系统再生制动能量利用率和削峰填谷的控制精度,文章提出了一种协调控制策略,并采用无源控制的非线性电流控制器提升变流器控制响应速度。仿真结果表明,该系统可以充分利用牵引供电系统的再生制动能量,提高系统中能量流动的灵活性,并且解决了牵引供电系统中的负序问题。

基于ABS+ESC混合动力商用车制动系统的开发应用

基于传统底盘的混合动力商用车整车开发流程是在传统防抱死制动系统(ABS)+电子稳定控制(ESC)系统商用车开发流程的基础上,将传统的燃油发动机制动系统与传统商用车二类底盘做匹配的过程。文章详细阐述了混合动力制动系统在传统燃油制动系统增加纯电模式,匹配电控空压机、电控空气干燥器、ABS+ESC的设计、储气筒容积、电控脚制动阀及管线的匹配设计。通过匹配计算选型,搭载整车通过各种道路试验对制动性能做全方位的试验验证过程及应用。通过对混合动力牵引车的制动系统制动效能的验证及制动时方向稳定性等制动性能方面的试验,发现制动响应时间、制动减速度、制动距离、驻车制动性能及应急制动性能等满足国家法规要求。

混合励磁式电涡流制退机电磁场与阻力特性分析

电涡流制退机具有无液体泄漏、无需密封、阻力稳定的优势。与目前应用较多的永磁式电涡流制退机相比,混合励磁式电涡流制退机采用线圈替代了一部分永磁体,对阻力特性的调节效果更好。对比了混合励磁式电涡流制退机2种可能的结构形式,然后根据磁路分析与初步计算选择出具有更好阻力性能的结构。针对该结构,利用等效磁路法计算气隙磁场,采用子域模型考虑感生涡流影响,建立了求解混合励磁式电涡流制退机阻力值的等效子域模型。根据某口径火炮反后坐要求,确定了制退机的主要尺寸参数,完成了混合励磁式电涡流制退机结构参数的前期设计,并通过数值计算对解析计算结果进行了验证。接着,针对某口径火炮发射时的工况建立仿真模型,以炮膛合力曲线和复进机力的后坐行程函数曲线作为条件输入,分析强冲击载荷下混合励磁式电涡流制退机的电磁阻尼力、后坐位移和后坐速度规律。最后,分析了不同气隙宽度与内筒的电导率对电磁阻尼力的影响,结果表明气隙宽度越小电磁阻尼力越大,同时过大的内筒电导率会导致电磁阻尼力呈现“马鞍”型。本文研究可为混合励磁式电涡流制退机的工程化应用提供理论基础。

混合动力商用车制动系统的匹配设计

混合动力商用车制动系统是在传统燃油车的基础上将燃油制动系统转变为燃油、纯电模式的混合动力制动系统的过程。文章详细阐述了混合动力制动系统的压缩空气管路,电控空压机、电控空气干燥器、电控制动总阀及管线的匹配设计。通过匹配设计,搭载整车进行试验验证的过程及应用。

超重型混合动力车辆机电复合制动系统技术

制动系统是保证车辆安全的重要组成部分,直接影响车辆的行驶安全性.传统车辆在高速、长时间、大制动力制动时,车辆动能通过制动器转化为热能损失掉.而对于超重型混合动力车辆,采用现有机械摩擦制动的基础上增加电气制动系统(即机电复合制动系统),既能够保证制动安全性,又能够实现能量回收,对消耗的能源进行补充.

城轨混合储能系统能量管理策略研究现状

城市轨道交通再生制动能量的利用一直是一个研究热点。围绕如何高效利用再生制动能量、平稳电压波动等问题,系统地论述了混合储能系统在轨道交通领域能量管理策略的研究进展。将目前混合储能系统比较常用的能量管理策略分为基于规则的能量管理策略、基于优化的能量管理策略以及基于人工智能的能量管理策略三类策略进行分类分析,总结优缺点,最后结合混合储能系统的效率、性能、寿命以及人工智能技术的发展,分析其未来发展方向。

城市轨道交通供电-牵引-混合储能系统设计与仿真

为了进一步提高城市轨道交通列车再生制动能量的回收与利用效率,通过对系统功能需求分析,设计一种基于分布式地面混合储能城市轨道交通列车牵引供电系统结构,建立供电网络、列车牵引和储能系统模型。同时针对低通滤波方式导致锂电池和超级电容出现大量功率交换的问题,提出带超级电容补偿的阶梯功率分配法,该方法运算量小且实时性强,能够避免混合储能系统内部功率循环。结合所提模型和策略,利用MATLAB/Simulink进行仿真试验,仿真结果表明混合储能系统能量利用效率提高了1.39%,稳压率提高了12.75%,节能率提高了6.72%。

混合参数盘式制动器振动稳定性分析

针对汽车盘式制动器在制动过程中的噪声抑制问题,考虑制动不平衡量及制动器参数不确定性的影响,结合响应面法、有限元法与可靠性分析理论,提出了一种含混合参数模型的盘式制动器振动稳定性的可靠性分析方法。采用随机、不确定区间和模糊参数来描述制动系统的动态特性,建立含随机参数、不确定区间参数和模糊参数的盘式制动器系统不稳定阶次响应面代理模型,通过对系统振动稳定性的参数灵敏度分析获取其影响显著因子,在Design Expert软件中对制动时的振动稳定性进行可靠性分析,揭示了各因子二阶交互作用对其可靠度的影响规律。用该方法对某型汽车的钳盘式制动器进行验证,结果表明,含有混合参数的制动器系统在稳定性不理想的情况下,通过增加其支撑背板厚度或提高弹性模量,可以有效改善制动系统的稳定性。

混合驱动绞车方案设计及现场试验

为了解决现有煤矿运输绞车普遍存在的操作困难,调速性能差的问题,设计了一种混合驱动绞车。首先,根据实际生产需求,结合现有绞车技术,提出了混合驱动绞车的总体设计。然后,对各部位分别进行结构与原理设计。最后,根据方案设计,通过现场试验验证设计的绞车各种性能,为以后的实际生产提供理论依据。

基于模糊控制的混合动力电动汽车再生制动控制策略研究

科学分析了ECE制动政策法规,为了实现制动力的合理分配,设计模糊控制器,该控制器的输入参数包括制动强度z、电池荷电状态SOC和车速v,而输出参数则是制动能量回收比例系数K。建立了基于模糊控制的制动能量回收控制策略的仿真模型并仿真,结果显示,设计的控制策略可以确保车辆的制动稳定性,并使车辆在制动过程中回收较多能量。

基于预测反馈的混合动力汽车制动机构模糊软切换控制技术

汽车制动机构系统的模糊控制多采用耦合模型,由于缺少对控制器参数的优化,导致控制误差较大,整体控制效果不佳。为此,提出基于预测反馈的混合动力汽车制动机构模糊软切换控制技术。根据动力汽车制动机构系统的组成结构,分别建立传统制动模型与再生制动模型,利用最小二乘法将其拟合,得到制动系统的综合动力学模型。根据汽车运行的实际工况,分析模糊软切换方式与各工况的匹配度,以获取模糊控制器的权重系数,采用预测反馈机制设计汽车行驶路径指令,并通过优化控制器输入偏差与辨识参数,设计最佳控制策略。实验结果表明,所提方法的控制误差较小,控制效果更好。

铁路再生制动能量利用控制策略研究

随着电气化铁路的不断发展,节能降耗关乎铁路运营效益。本文以铁路机车再生制动能量为研究对象,通过对大秦铁路再生能量现状及变电所负荷特性进行分析,研究由能量融通装置和混合储能装置组成的再生制动能量利用系统方案;对系统结构、工作原理、分部控制策略以及对既有供电设备的保护方案进行阐述,并提出基于SOC反馈的模糊控制策略,对储能系统功率进行二次修正,使其充分利用混合储能系统的物理特性。通过结合实测数据的仿真,验证所提策略的有效性和可行性。

Parameters Matching and Control Method of Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicles with Secondary Regulation Technology

Hydraulic hybrid vehicles （HHV） with secondary regulation technology has the potential of improving fuel economy by operating the engine in the optimum efficiency range and making use of regenerative braking. Hydrostatic transmission technology has the advantage of higher power density and the ability to accept the high rates and high frequencies of charging and discharging, both of which are not favorable for batteries, but the lower energy density requires special power matching design and control strategy to coordinate all the powertrain components in an optimal manner. A multi-objective optimization method is proposed to distinguish the components size values of HHV by considering the requirements of driving cycles and technology aspects. The regenerative braking strategy and energy control strategy based on the optimized HHV is proposed to recovery the braking energy and distribute the regenerated braking energy. Simulation results show that by taking the optimized configuration of HHV, adopting the regenerative braking strategy and energy control strategy are helpful to improve the system efficiency and fuel economy of HHV under urban driving cycles.

Regenerative Braking Algorithm for an ISG HEV Based on Regenerative Torque Optimization

A novel regenerative braking algorithm based on regenerative torque optimization with emulate engine compression braking (EECB) was proposed to make effective and maximum use of brake energy in order to improve fuel economy.The actual brake oil pressure of driving wheel which is reduced by the amount of the regenerative braking force is supplied from the electronic hydraulic brake system.Regenerative torque optimization maximizes the actual regenerative power recuperation by energy storage component,and EECB is a useful extended type of regenerative braking.The simulation results show that actual regenerative power recuperation for the novel regenerative braking algorithm is more than using conventional one,and life-span of brake disks is prolonged for the novel algorithm.