Air-Ground Collaborative Mobile Edge Computing:Architecture,Challenges,and Opportunities

By pushing computation,cache,and network control to the edge,mobile edge computing(MEC)is expected to play a leading role in fifth generation(5G)and future sixth generation(6G).Nevertheless,facing ubiquitous fast-growing computational demands,it is impossible for a single MEC paradigm to effectively support high-quality intelligent services at end user equipments(UEs).To address this issue,we propose an air-ground collaborative MEC(AGCMEC)architecture in this article.The proposed AGCMEC integrates all potentially available MEC servers within air and ground in the envisioned 6G,by a variety of collaborative ways to provide computation services at their best for UEs.Firstly,we introduce the AGC-MEC architecture and elaborate three typical use cases.Then,we discuss four main challenges in the AGC-MEC as well as their potential solutions.Next,we conduct a case study of collaborative service placement for AGC-MEC to validate the effectiveness of the proposed collaborative service placement strategy.Finally,we highlight several potential research directions of the AGC-MEC.

Optimized air-ground data fusion method for mine slope modeling

Refined 3D modeling of mine slopes is pivotal for precise prediction of geological hazards.Aiming at the inadequacy of existing single modeling methods in comprehensively representing the overall and localized characteristics of mining slopes,this study introduces a new method that fuses model data from Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)tilt photogrammetry and 3D laser scanning through a data alignment algorithm based on control points.First,the mini batch K-Medoids algorithm is utilized to cluster the point cloud data from ground 3D laser scanning.Then,the elbow rule is applied to determine the optimal cluster number(K0),and the feature points are extracted.Next,the nearest neighbor point algorithm is employed to match the feature points obtained from UAV tilt photogrammetry,and the internal point coordinates are adjusted through the distanceweighted average to construct a 3D model.Finally,by integrating an engineering case study,the K0 value is determined to be 8,with a matching accuracy between the two model datasets ranging from 0.0669 to 1.0373 mm.Therefore,compared with the modeling method utilizing K-medoids clustering algorithm,the new modeling method significantly enhances the computational efficiency,the accuracy of selecting the optimal number of feature points in 3D laser scanning,and the precision of the 3D model derived from UAV tilt photogrammetry.This method provides a research foundation for constructing mine slope model.

基于人机联系接口的On-CALL系统的设计与应用

水电厂的On-CALL系统保证水电站的正常运行的主要信息系统之一。针对当前常用On-CALL系统接口缺乏、功能单一和交互界面呆板的问题,猴子岩水电站基于电站运行的实际场景,重新设计了整个On-CALL系统的底层数据通讯方式和人机界面,实现了对人员、信息、权限的精细管理,在实际应用中获得了良好的应用效果。

Simultaneous Interpreting Output Assessment of Earnings Conference Call: Case Analysis of Tencent 2022 Q3 Result Announcement

Quality in simultaneous interpreting is a frequently discussed concept. In the enterprise setting, earnings conference call remains a rarely explored field. This thesis offers a descriptive study on assessing interpreting quality from perspectives of fidelity, fluency, and appropriacy. As the corpus, Tencent 2022 Third Quarter Result Announcement provides an ideal transcript to the author to conduct its analysis. Interpreting is frequently done without bearing in mind the multitude of factors that can affect the quality of interpreting. Drawing a conclusion that the interpreter does make a lot of omissions, pauses and hesitations posing a negative effect on the fidelity, fluency and accuracy of the interpreting, the present author suggests that more preparation should be done for improving performance, such as terminologies, company background information, a reasonable speech rate, good image and acoustic quality, and so on.

《星条旗报》网站博客栏目的启示——以《SPOUSE CALLS》为例

作为美国面向驻外军队发行的报纸，《星条旗报》及其网站由国会和国防部授权，始终坚持向驻外美军及全体公众传达美军高层的声音，维护军方的利益。作为《星条旗报》网站的常设博客栏目，《SPOUSE CALLS》不仅是驻外美军军嫂Terri Barnes表达个人观点的载体，也是美军用来凝聚军心、树立形象的重要平台，它给我们以下启示。

Stereotypy and variability of social calls among clustering female big-footed myotis(Myotis macrodactylus)

Echolocating bats have developed advanced auditory perception systems, predominantly using acoustic signaling to communicate with each other They can emit a diverse range of social calls in complex behavioral contexts. This study examined the vocal repertoire of five pregnant big-footed myotis bats （Myotis macrodactylus）. In the process of clustering the last individual to return to the colony （LI） emitted social calls that correlated with behavior, as recorded on a PC-based digital recorder. These last individuals could emit 10 simple monosyllabic and 27 complex multisyllabic types of calls, constituting four types of syllables. The social calls were composed of highly stereotyped syllables, hierarchically organized by a common set of syllables. However, intra-specific variation was also found in the number of syllables, syllable order and patterns of syllable repetition across call renditions. Data were obtained to characterize the significant individual differences that existed in the maximum frequency and duration of calls. Time taken to return to the roost was negatively associated with the diversity of social calls. Our findings indicate that variability in social calls may be an effective strategy taken by individuals during reintegration into clusters of female M. macrodactylus.

Reproductive Behavior and Underwater Calls in the Emei Mustache Toad,Leptobrachium boringii

The Emei mustache toad, Leptobrachium boringii （Megophryidae）, is terrestrial but breeds in permanent streams. Primarily, it has a polygynous mating system and polyandry also occurs. The species vigorously defends submerged nest sites. We report on a reproductive study at Mt. Emei, western China conducted in 2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, and 2011 during the breeding season. Males produce both advertisement and courtship calls underwater, and the latter differs from the former in having an additional trill-like last note of low intensity. Females might determine the oviposition location and hence the egg mass location. A low, submissive posture can be adopted by the male to avoid being attacked by other males. When fighting, the maxillary nuptial spines are employed as weapons, and males hold their opponents on their spines with the forelimbs that enlarge during the breeding season. Male body size and the quantity of fight wounds on its ventral side are positively correlated. Satellite male mating might exist in L. boringii. Additionally, underwater calls from another population of this species and a population of L. leishanense generally are similar to those of the population from Mt. Emei.

从CALLS看军队院校资源保障系统建设

文章简要介绍了CALLS，分析了军队资源保障系统的建设现状和必要性，并对军队资源保障体系建设的发展提出了设想和建议。从建设团队的组建、管理机构的运行和保障体系的完善三个方面简单规划了军队院校资源保障系统的主要环节，并通过用户申请、文献传递等制定了馆际互借管理系统流程。

Male Music Frogs Compete Vocally on the Basis of Temporal Sequence Rather Than Spatial Cues of Rival Calls

Male-male vocal competition in anuran species may be influenced by cues related to the temporal sequence of male calls as well by internal temporal, spectral and spatial ones. Nevertheless, the conditions under which each type of cue is important remain unclear. Since the salience of different cues could be reflected by dynamic properties of male-male competition under certain experimental manipulation, we investigated the effects of repeating playbacks of conspecific calls on male call production in the Emei music frog（Babina daunchina）. In Babina, most males produce calls from nest burrows which modify the spectral features of the cues. Females prefer calls produced from inside burrows which are defined as highly sexually attractive（HSA） while those produced outside burrows as low sexual attractiveness（LSA）. In this study HSA and LSA calls were broadcasted either antiphonally or stereophonically through spatially separated speakers in which the temporal sequence and/or spatial position of the playbacks was either predictable or random. Results showed that most males consistently avoided producing advertisement calls overlapping the playback stimuli and generally produced calls competitively in advance of the playbacks. Furthermore males preferentially competed with the HSA calls when the sequence was predictable but competed equally with HSA and LSA calls if the sequence was random regardless of the availability of spatial cues, implying that males relied more on available sequence cues than spatial ones to remain competitive.

Intrusion detection based on system calls and homogeneous Markov chains

A novel method for detecting anomalous program behavior is presented, which is applicable to hostbased intrusion detection systems that monitor system call activities. The method constructs a homogeneous Markov chain model to characterize the normal behavior of a privileged program, and associates the states of the Markov chain with the unique system calls in the training data. At the detection stage, the probabilities that the Markov chain model supports the system call sequences generated by the program are computed. A low probability indicates an anomalous sequence that may result from intrusive activities. Then a decision rule based on the number of anomalous sequences in a locality frame is adopted to classify the program＇s behavior. The method gives attention to both computational efficiency and detection accuracy, and is especially suitable for on-line detection. It has been applied to practical host-based intrusion detection systems.

Effects of Body Size and Environmental Factors on the Acoustic Structure and Temporal Rhythm of Calls in Rhacophorus dennysi

In anurans, the outcomes of male-male contests and female choice are often associated with body size. In some species, males evaluate an opponent’s fighting ability and females evaluate male quality on the basis of male communication signals, which are thought to reflect information concerning male body size. Nevertheless, previous studies reveal that male call structure is not always correlated with body size. In the present study we investigated the relationships between body size and call structure in the large treefrog, Rhacophorus dennysi, as well as the relationship of its calling behavior with air temperature and humidity. The results show that both the dominant and fundamental frequencies are negatively correlated with body size, while inter-note intervals are positively correlated with body size, indicating that call characters could reflect body size in this species.Additionally, calling in this tropical species exhibits a circadian rhythm insofar as relatively high temperature and low humidity during the day is associated with less vocal behavior. Thus, individual variations in call structure are mainly dependent on body size while the temporal rhythm of calling activity is affected by environmental conditions in large treefrogs.

Function of note strings in Japanese Tit alarm calls to the Common Cuckoo:a playback experiment

Background: Birds produce alarm calls to convey information about threats. Some Passerine alarm calls consist of several note strings, but few studies have examined their function. Previous studies have shown that Japanese Tits(Parus minor) can alter the calling rate and number and combination of notes in response to predators. We previously found the combinations of note types in Japanese Tit alarm calls to be significantly different in response to the Sparrowhawk(Accipiter nisus) and Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus).Methods: Through playback experiments, we tested whether the note strings in Japanese Tit alarm calls to the Common Cuckoo have different functions in conveying information. The note strings of selected alarm calls were divided into the categories of C and D, and different calls were then constructed separately based on the two note string categories. Original alarm calls(C–D), C calls and D calls were played back to male Japanese Tits during the incubation period.Results: Male Japanese Tits had a significantly stronger response to C calls than to C–D calls, and they showed a significantly stronger response to both C and C–D calls than to D calls, suggesting that Japanese Tits discriminated between the C and D calls.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that the C-and D-category note strings of Japanese Tit alarm calls to the Common Cuckoo have different functions, which supports the previous finding that different note strings in an alarm call can provide different information to receivers. However, the exact meanings of these note strings are not yet known, and further investigation is therefore required.

Acoustic Characteristics of Advertisement Calls in Babina adenopleura

Acoustic communication is the most important form of communication in anuran amphibians. To understand the acoustic characteristics of male Babina adenopleura, we recorded advertisement calls and analyzed their acoustic parameters during the breeding season. Male B. adenopleura produced calls with a variable number of notes（1–5）, and each note contained harmonics. Although 6% of call notes did not exhibit frequency modulation（FM）, two call note FM patterns were observed：（1） upward FM;（2） upward–downward FM. With the exception of 1- and 5- note calls, the duration of successive notes decreased monotonically. With the exception of 1 note calls, the fundamental frequency of the first note was lowest, then increased; the greatest change in the fundamental frequency was always between notes 1 and 2. The dominant frequency varied between calls. For example for the first call note the dominant frequency occurred in some cases in the first harmonic（located in the 605.320 ± 64.533 Hz frequency band）, the second harmonic（918 ± 9 Hz band）, the fourth harmonic（1712 ± 333 Hz band）, the sixth harmonic（the 2165 ± 152 Hz band）, the seventh harmonic（the 2269 ± 140 Hz band）, the eighth harmonic（the 2466 ± 15 Hz band） or the ninth harmonic（the 2636 ± 21 Hz band）. Although male B. adenopleura advertisement calls have a distinctive structure, they have similar characteristics to the calls of the music frog, B. daunchina.

Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) Calls For Open-dated Submission of Paleontological Papers

Acre Geologica Sinica （English Edition） is indexed by SCI, with the impact factors ranging from 1.5 to 2.15, and also indexed by CA, the Bibliography and Index of Geology （BIG）, Biological Abstracts, and Geographical Abstract,~ and many others. Internationally, Acta Geologica Sinica （English Edition） has been cooperated with Willey-Blackwell Publishing Corporation, and has all the papers published online. Acta Geologica Sinica （English Edition） has two submission websites at： http：//mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ags dzxben/ch/index.aspx tbr Chinese authors. Authors can submit, tbr international authors and http：//www.geojournals.cn/ inquire and download papers at either website.

Intrusion Detection Method for Program Vulnerability via Library Calls

Library function call sequence is the direct reflection of a program＇s behavior. The relationship between program vulnerability and library calls is analyzed, and an intrusion detection method via library calls is proposed, in which the short sequences of library call are used as signature profile. In this intrusion detection method, library interposition is used to hook library calls, and with the discussion of the features of the library call sequence in detail, an algorithm based on information-theory is applied to determine the appropriate length of the library call sequence. Experiments show good performance of our method against intrusions caused by the popular program vulnerabilities.

CALLS馆际互借服务环境的建设与思考

CALLS在“十五”建设期间，构建了一套完整的馆际互借服务环境，对国内高校图书馆的馆际互借服务起到了巨大的推动作用。文章从软环境和硬环境的角度，详细分析了CALLS馆际互借服务环境的建设成果，分析了建设过程中存在的一些问题，并对“十一五”馆际互借服务建设进行了展望。

Visiting Patients at Home: Reasons and Efficiency of Dental House Calls

This retrospective study analyzes indications for house calls by dentists in a domiciliary setting. Its database consists in 69 visits made by a dentist office in Munich from 1998 to 2013 at the homes of 29 non-institutionalized seniors (≥62 years old, 15 females, 14 males, average age 83.7 years old). The analysis focused on the patients’ general state of health, their dental and oral health, the kinds of dental treatments administered, as well as economic aspects and the quantitative development in the frequency of house calls during the study period. The most frequent pre-existing conditions that made a house call necessary were cardiovascular illnesses (60%) and dementia diseases (36%). Multi-morbidity, dependency on care, accessibility issues, and frailty because of advanced age played a central role. The patients’ oral health was acceptable, with the exception of those with dementia diseases, who were more frequently toothless (40% versus 5.6%) and had a higher percentage of carious and decayed teeth (26.3% versus 10.3%). The most frequent procedures were treatments for denture sores and the repair of removable dentures (53.6%). The main focus was on reparative dentistry. The average house call took 37 minutes including travel time. Thus, the time needed was a multiple of the time necessary for treatment in the dental office. The lack of economic efficiency may be the reason why many dentists in Germany hesitate to make house calls. Despite the introduction of additional fees for the treatment of patients in need of long-term care on April 1, 2013, the number of house calls is low and increases only slowly. At the same time, the need for house calls will rise in the future due to an increasing proportion of elderly persons in the population and a decline in the percentage of toothless elderly.

Li Calls for Shoring up Economic Dynamics

Premier Li Keqiang emphasized stimulating market vitality to withstand downward pressure and rely on the strength of the people to promote coordinated economic and social development.The premier’s comments came as he recently presided over a symposium to solicit opinions from professionals in higher education,science and technology,health care and sports on the draft of the Government Work Report,which he will deliver to the annual session of the National People’s Congress in March.

Measurement of associations between mobile calls and mobile-internet surfing

Measuring mobile calls data is an increasingly import issue,which will benefit to the understanding of the behavior of mobile users and assist telecom operators to optimize their business strategies.The existing researches on cell phone data measurement only focus on mobile calls or on mobile-internet surfing and little researches focus on the interactions of behaviors between them.In this paper,some basic factors of the association between mobile calls and mobile-internet surfing are measured.Then first their distributions are compared and the preference of users is quantified.After that experiments on the curve fitting of both the whole and parts of these distributions are done.Through the comparison of the correlation coefficients and Fourier fitting parameters,different behaviors is found between workdays and weekends,as well as Saturdays and Sundays in mobile-call distributions.Besides,the results of our observation show that the mobile-internet traffic does not always monotone increase with the increase of online time,significant changes are observed after 8hours of mobile-internet surfing.

Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) Calls For Submission of Review Papers

Acta Geologica Sinica （English Edition） is a bimonthly, SCI-indexed academic journal produced by the Geological Society of China. Having an impact factor ranging from 1.5 to 2.15, it has long been indexed by many international databases and websites, such as SCI, CA, BIG, etc. Internationally, the journal cooperates with John Wiley ＆ Sons Co. Ltd to publish the electronic version; all papers can be downloaded online. Contributors wishing to submit, read, enquire and download can log in either via http：//mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ags （for international contributors） or http：// www.geoiournals.cn/dzxben/ch/index.asox （for authors on the Chinese mainland）.