Design Strategy of Emergency Pools at Source Water Protection Areas

The pollution problem arising from the flushing of initial rainwater and wastewater from accidents while transporting dangerous goods to source water protection areas needs to be solved as soon as possible.Therefore,the design of corresponding environmental protection measures should be considered in the engineering design stage.It is necessary to analyze the specific work in combination with engineering examples.Under this background,this paper first briefly expounds the precautions in accident risk analysis and the design of tank capacity and tank body.Finally,by analyzing actual cases,this paper systematically studies the design strategy of emergency pool in source water protection area,hoping to provide new development ideas for the upgrading of relevant work.

Knowledge of radiation exposure associated with common trauma imaging modalities among orthopaedic surgeons,emergency medicine physicians,and general surgeons in the United States

BACKGROUND:Few contemporary studies have assessed physicians’knowledge of radiation exposure associated with common imaging studies,especially in trauma care.The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of physicians involved in caring for trauma patients regarding the effective radiation doses of musculoskeletal(MSK)imaging studies routinely utilized in the trauma setting.METHODS:An electronic survey was distributed to United States orthopaedic surgery,general surgery,and emergency medicine(EM)residency programs.Participants were asked to estimate the radiation dose for common imaging modalities of the pelvis,lumbar spine,and lower extremity,in terms of chest X-ray(CXR)equivalents.Physician estimates were compared to the true effective radiation doses.Additionally,participants were asked to report the frequency of discussing radiation risk with patients.RESULTS:A total of 218 physicians completed the survey;102(46.8%)were EM physicians,88(40.4%)wereorthopaedicsurgeons,and28(12.8%)weregeneralsurgeons.Physicians underestimated the effective radiation doses of nearly all imaging modalities,most notably for pelvic computed tomaography(CT)(median 50 CXR estimation vs.162 CXR actual)and lumbar CT(median 50 CXR estimation vs.638 CXR actual).There was no difference between physician specialties regarding estimation accuracy(P=0.133).Physicians who regularly discussed radiation risks with patients more accurately estimated radiation exposure(P=0.007).CONCLUSION:The knowledge among orthopaedic and general surgeons and EM physicians regarding the radiation exposure associated with common MSK trauma imaging is lacking.Further investigation with larger scale studies is warranted,and additional education in this area may improve care.

Information system for emergence decision on the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in Shanghai City──Application of GIS

For meeting the need of rapid development of economy in Shanghai and the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in the mega city, it is necessary to build a information system for emergence decision on the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in the city. In this paper, GIS is applied to 'the information system for emergence decision on the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in Shanghai City (Baoshan experiment region)'. We introduce to the structure and effect of each functional module in this information system. This information system consists of 7 functional modules:background information of seismology and geology, subsystem for rapid evaluation of damage loss from earthquake, subsystem for the decisive information on earthquake emergence, information query, maintenance and management of system, help, quit. The key parts of this information system are the subsystem for rapid evaluation of damage loss from earthquake and the subsystem for the decisive information on earthquake emergence. Also, this paper introduces to the application of technology of color infra-red aerial photograph remote sensing to this information system.

Self-Reported Use of Personal Protective Equipment during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Emergency Medical Service Employees in Germany—A Survey

Background: Multicentric prospective cohort investigation survey conducted between 1st of March and 1st of April 2021on SARS-CoV-2 occupational risk for German Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel. Study Objectives: Primary: The objective is to take stock of the use and availability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in German EMS, both at managerial and employee level, during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Secondary: Generate additional data on individual perceptions of risk of infection and occurrence of infections at respective places of service. Methods: Multicentric prospective cohort investigation survey conducted online at two levels of German EMS personnel—EMS managers and EMS employees, both medical and paramedical—with questions adapted slightly to fit the respective study population. Results: A total of 34 responses were received in the managerial group;a total of 2389 responses were received in the group of employees. Self-reported PPE adherence of EMS employees for confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive patients: use of gloves (99.8%), FFP2 or FFP3 masks (99.8%), gowns or coveralls (99.1%), goggles (89.7%), face shields (24.0%), surgical masks (0.0%). Self-reported PPE adherence of EMS employees for suspected SARS-CoV-2 positive patients: gloves (98.8%), FFP2 or FFP3 masks (total: 99.4%), gowns or coveralls (total: 95.9%), goggles (85.6%), face shields (19.2%), surgical masks (0.2%). Conclusions: Findings included an overall improved self-reported adherence to PPE compared to studies that were conducted before the pandemic. Self-reported general adherence to PPE recommendations when attending to confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive patients was good, with the exception of goggles. Self-reported adherence to PPE recommendations dropped when attending to suspected SARS-CoV-2 positive patients.

Ideas of establishing the information system for emergence decisions on the protection against earthquakes and disaster reduction in cities (application of GIS)

ith urban reformation and opening becoming deeper,the work of protection against earthquake and disaster reduction would be more important.In this paper,some ideas are suggested about establishing the information system for emergency decisions on protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in cities .The information system mainly includes a subsystem for rapid evaluation of damage loss from earthquake (which includes input of seismic information,distribution of earthquake intensity,evaluation of seismic fragility on all social factors and etc.) and a subsystem for the decisive information of seismic emergency(which mainly includes project of disaster relief,project of personnel evacuation,dangerous degree warning for the dangerous articlesstoring places and protection measures against them,assistant decision on fire due to earthquake,location of headquarter for providing disaster relief,and etc.). It is thought that the data investigation and collection about all kinds of buildings(including lifeline engineering)are the most important and difficult work as establishing this system.

Research Progress on the Occupational Hazards and Protective Measures of Emergency Department Nurses

The emergency department is a department that is crucial for medical institutions.It is mainly responsible for rescuing critically ill patients and dealing with all kinds of public health emergencies.There are significant differences in the working environment and working mode between the nurses in emergency departments and those of other departments.They tend to come into contact with various occupational risk factors,resulting in high incidence of occupational hazards and accidental injuries.Therefore,it is necessary to analyze the common occupational risk factors of nurses in the emergency department and propose protective measures to ensure that these nurses are able to provide nursing services safely and effectively.

Protective equipment for emergency rescue in alpine-cold region

Alpine-cold regions are characterized as hypoxia,strong wind,heavy rain,cold climate,huge temperature difference between day and night,and vertical climate. All these make it difficult for an emergency rescue when a natural disaster such as earthquake happens. Based on the characteristics of emergency rescue in alpinecold region,several multifunctional protective equipments have been developed by the Quartermaster Equipment Institute of General Logistics Departmen(tGLD)of the Chinese People's Liberation Army(CPLA). These equipments are lightweight,durable and environment adaptable.

Retrospective Diagnosis of COVID-19 in an Asymptomatic Patient Undergoing Emergency Surgery

Background: With reports of higher mortality and complications occurring in patients with perioperative 2019 novel coronarvirus disease (COVID-19), most elective surgeries have been postponed. However, evidence regarding emergency surgeries in patients with COVID-19 remains scarce. We report the case of a patient with asymptomatic perioperative COVID-19, presenting with an acute abdomen requiring surgery. Case: A 25-year-old male, with a prior nasopharyngeal swab that was negative for SARS-CoV-2, presented with classical signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis. Clinical examination and investigations were not suggestive of COVID-19 infection. He underwent laparoscopic appendicectomy with infection control precautions. Post-operatively, he was found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 but remained asymptomatic and had an uneventful recovery. Conclusion: In asymptomatic individuals with higher risks, negative test results should be viewed cautiously. The benefits of urgent surgical interventions must be weighed against the risks of complications due to perioperative COVID-19 in these patients.

A Proposal for a Geospatial Database to Support Emergency Management

The basic procedure of the Italian Civil Protection Department aims at reducing disaster losses by giving prominence to a proactive strategy, focusing on prevision and prevention of hazard events rather than postdisater activities. Italian law commits municipalities to produce Emergency Plans that include risk scenarios as well as all data required for emergency management, such as structures, infrastructures and human resources. However the law in the matter of Civil Protection does not supply information about how to produce and archive necessary data for emergency planning and management. For this reason, we propose a standard methodology to create a geodatabase using GIS software, to collect all data that could be used by municipalities to create Emergency Plans. The resulting geodatabase provides a tool for hazard mitigation planning, allowing not only the identification of areas at risk, but also the structures, infrastructures and resources needed to overcome a crisis, thus improving all strategies of risk reduction and the resilience of the system [1].

Emergency surgical workflow and experience of suspected cases of COVID-19: A case report

BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has been confirmed to be a newly discovered zoonotic pathogen that causes highly contagious viral pneumonia,which the World Health Organization has named novel coronavirus pneumonia.Since its outbreak,it has become a global pandemic.During the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),however,there is no mature experience or guidance on how to carry out emergency surgery for suspected cases requiring emergency surgical intervention and perioperative safety protection against virus.CASE SUMMARY A 41-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for emergency treatment due to"3-d abdominal pain aggravated with cessation of exhaust and defecation".After improving inspections and laboratory tests,the patient was assessed and diagnosed by the multiple discipline team as"strangulation obstruction,pulmonary infection”.His body temperature was 38.8℃,and the chest computed tomography showed pulmonary infection.Given fever and pneumonia,we could not rule out COVID-19 after consultation by fever clinicians and respiratory experts.Hence,we performed emergency surgery under three-level protection for the suspected case.After surgery,his nucleic acid test for COVID-19 was negative,meaning COVID-19 was excluded,and routine postoperative treatment and nursing was followed.The patient was treated with symptomatic support after the operation.The stomach tube and urinary tube were removed on the 1st d after the operation.The clearing diet was started on the 3rd d after the operation,and the body temperature returned to normal.Flatus and bowel movements were noted on 5th postoperative day.He was discharged after 8 d of hospitalization.The patient was followed up for 4 mo after discharge,no serious complications occurred.A 71-year-old woman was admitted to our emergency room due to"abdominal distention,fatigue for 6 d and fever for 13 h".After the multiple discipline team evaluation,the patient was diagnosed as"intestinal obstruction,abdominal mass,peritonitis and pulmonary infection".At that time,the patient's body temperature was 39.6℃,and chest computed tomography indicated pulmonary infection.COVID-19 could not be completely excluded after consultation in the fever outpatient department and respiratory department.Therefore,the patient was treated as a suspected case,and an urgent operation was performed under three-level medical protection.Postoperative nucleic acid test was negative,COVID-19 was excluded,and routine postoperative treatment and nursing were followed.After the operation,the patient received symptomatic and supportive treatment.The gastric tube was removed on the 1st d after the operation,and the urinary tube was removed on the 3rd d after the operation.Enteral nutrition began on the 3rd d after the operation.To date,no serious complications have been found during follow-up after discharge.CONCLUSION Based on the previous treatment experience,we reviewed the procedures of two cases of suspected COVID-19 emergency surgery and extracted the perioperative protection experience.By referring to the literature and following the regulations on prevention and management of infectious diseases,we have developed a relatively mature and complete emergency surgical workflow for suspected COVID-19 cases and shared perioperative protection and management experience and measures.

继电保护远程运维系统报文合规检测及入侵阻断技术应用

继电保护远程运维中数据传输各环节存在网络入侵风险,现有安全措施未有效处理业务层风险,且存在风险阻断不及时等问题。为此,提出一种报文合规检测方法及入侵阻断技术,分析报文的对象、格式、业务逻辑和行为模式,建立报文合规规则库及不合规报文阻断策略,设计开发不合规报文阻断模块及“一键阻断”紧急控制模块。通过模拟仿真环境测试,结果表明,上述技术对不同类型异常报文进行的阻断效果与预期一致,可有效阻断非法入侵攻击,从而提高继电保护远程运维的安全性和稳定性。

北京市地方标准《卫生应急一次性防护用品使用规范》修订解读

目的旨在使卫生应急人员充分理解并掌握《卫生应急一次性防护用品使用规范》(DB11/T 1291—2023)技术要点,最大限度减少职业暴露的发生。方法从适用范围、防护分级、防护用品选择、附录等方面解读修订标准与原标准内容的差异和修订原因。结果修订标准扩展了其适用范围;增加并细化不同等级防护用品的使用场景;新增一次性隔离衣、防护面罩、动力送风式空气呼吸器的使用要求,去掉长管空气呼吸器及相关要求、参考标准;新增防护用品使用注意事项;调整防护用品的穿脱顺序。结论北京市地方标准《卫生应急一次性防护用品使用规范》的修订为卫生应急人员个体防护及传染病与职业暴露的防控提供参考。

“深海01”轮安全防护系统技术评价及应用研究

基于海上危险品应急指挥船“深海01”轮开发建造的可在液化天然气扩散环境下安全航行的船舶安全防护系统,对其综合控制信息系统、气密防护设备、低温探测系统、可燃气体探测系统、水幕保护系统、上层建筑舱室微正压维持系统、动力锂电池系统等安全防护技术展开了先进性和适用性评价。结合我国沿海危险品货物运输发展特点及典型危险品运输船事故救援行动评估,“深海01”轮安全防护技术可在大型巡航救助船、危险品应急处置船等大型海事救捞船建造中选择性推广应用。

论厘清安全生产“综合监管”和“行业监管”的关系——以政府规制体制变迁为视角

目前,应急管理部门承担安全生产“综合监管”职责,相关部门承担“行业监管”职责,厘清安全生产“综合监管”和“行业监管”的关系成为难解之题。现行安全生产监管起源于劳动保护工作,但是监管内容已经偏离了维护劳动者的劳动安全卫生权,造成监管理念和监管方式不能满足社会需要,多头执法与监管漏洞并存的局面。为了推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化,增进民生福祉和维护社会稳定,需要不断优化政府职责体系和组织结构,深化行政执法体制改革,健全劳动法律法规。可以将当前安全生产监管职能以劳动保护的名义划归人力资源和社会保障部门,实施劳动保障综合行政执法,推动劳动安全卫生立法。安全生产的概念回归到工业领域,由工业与信息化部门负责促进工业企业生产安全。

肺保护性通气策略对老年急诊手术患者的影响

目的 观察老年急诊手术患者实施肺保护性通气策略对患者肺动态顺应性及氧合功能的影响。方法 选取江苏省苏北人民医院2021年12月至2022年12月收治的126例行急诊手术老年患者,根据随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组各63例。所有入选病例术中均行全麻机械通气,对照组选择常规通气模式,观察组采取肺保护性通气,比较两组患者的肺动态顺应性、氧合功能、炎症指标与并发症。结果 术中30min,两组患者的平均气道压(mean airway pressure,Pmean)、气道峰压(peak airway pressureeak,Ppeak)水平较术前上升,观察组上升幅度小于对照组(P<0.05)。肺动态顺应性(pulmonary dynamic compliance,Cdyn)水平低于术前,观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。术后2h,两组患者的Pmean、Ppeak水平较术中30min降低,观察组降低幅度小于对照组(P<0.05)。两组Cdyn水平较术前降低,观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。术后24h,两组患者的血清血氧饱和度(blood oxygen saturation,SpO_(2))、动脉氧分压(arterialpartial pressure of oxygen,PaO_(2))水平较术前降低,观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组肺泡动脉血氧分压差[alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference,P(A-a)DO_(2)]水平较术前提高,观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。术后48h,观察组患者的Sp O_(2)和Pa O_(2)水平高于对照组,P(A-a)DO_(2)水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。术后24h,两组患者的血清C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、白细胞(white blood cell,WBC)水平较术前显著提高,观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。术后48h,两组患者的血清CRP、WBC水平较术后24h降低,观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率低于对照组(7.94% vs.25.40%)(P<0.05)。结论 针对老年急诊手术患者实施肺保护性通气策略有利于改善患者肺动态顺应性与氧合功能,抑制炎症细胞因子的释放,减少术后肺部并发症的发生,有效发挥肺保护作用。

数字经济对黄河流域生态保护的影响研究——基于产业结构升级的视角

作为一种新兴经济形态,数字经济对实现生态保护具有重要意义。本文以产业结构升级为视角,通过选取2011—2021年黄河流域九个省(自治区)的面板数据,利用环境影响随机模型以及中介效应模型,构建了基于状态-压力-响应(PSR)逻辑的生态保护水平指标体系并采用熵值法计算出黄河流域各省(区)的生态保护水平和数字经济发展水平,最后采用固定效应回归模型进行检验分析。研究发现:数字经济对黄河流域的生态保护具有显著的促进作用;产业结构是数字经济作用于生态保护的重要路径;黄河流域内数字经济对生态保护释放的红利程度在空间上呈现出“中游>下游>上游”的特点,呈现异质性特征。基于此,本文建议加强对数字经济理论研究,提升数字经济在传统产业的应用,促进产业结构优化升级,对实现黄河流域高质量发展至关重要。

“新工科”背景下工程学科专业课程的改革研究与实践——以“电力系统继电保护”课程为例

针对“新工科”背景下工程学科专业课程教学中存在的问题,分析了课程改革的必要性和改革目标.以绵阳师范学院“电力系统继电保护”课程改革为例,探讨了“新工科”背景下工程学科专业课程的改革路径,总结了改革成效,并进行了反思.

重大突发事件下个体主观幸福感影响因素研究——基于社会认知视角

[目的/意义]重大突发事件对于社会个体的主观幸福感及其信息行为具有显著影响,尤其是处于成长关键阶段的大学生人群。因此,研究重大突发事件下主观幸福感的影响因素对于保障个体心理健康和完善应急管理体系具有重要意义。[方法/过程]基于社会认知理论和保护动机理论,研究社会环境和个体认知对主观幸福感的影响,以及媒介接触的调节作用。收集303份大学生样本数据,运用结构方程模型进行实证分析。[结果/结论]感知严重性和感知易感性负向影响主观幸福感,并在政府信任与主观幸福感的正向关系中具有部分中介作用;自我效能和反应效能正向影响主观幸福感,并在社会支持与主观幸福感的正向关系中具有部分中介作用;官方媒介接触对政府信任与主观幸福感、社会支持与主观幸福感的关系均有正向调节作用;而非官方媒介接触仅对后者有正向调节作用。

不同药械喷施33%氟噻·吡酰·呋SC防控小麦田杂草的效果

为进一步优化麦田杂草防控器械使用技术,2022年选用多旋翼植保无人机、自走式喷杆喷雾机、担架式植保机、背负式电动喷雾器喷施土壤封闭除草剂33%氟噻·吡酰·呋SC,比较防控小麦田杂草的效果和作业效率。结果表明:药后30、100 d,4种施药器械处理阔叶杂草的防效分别为96.94%~98.98%、91.84%~95.92%,多旋翼植保无人机、自走式喷杆喷雾机和背负式电动喷雾器处理禾本科杂草的防效分别为84.36%~94.40%、74.00%~84.53%,均显著高于担架式植保机处理。综合自走式喷杆喷雾机防效及安全性较好、作业效率较高的优势,应作为规模化小麦生产封闭除草剂喷施主要器械。