A measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution(MDI-QKD) method with an air-water channel is researched. In this method, the underwater vehicle and satellite are the legitimate parties, and the third party i...A measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution(MDI-QKD) method with an air-water channel is researched. In this method, the underwater vehicle and satellite are the legitimate parties, and the third party is at the airwater interface in order to simplify the unilateral quantum channel to water or air. Considering the condition that both unilateral transmission distance and transmission loss coefficient are unequal, a perfect model of the asymmetric channel is built. The influence of asymmetric channel on system loss tolerance and secure transmission distance is analyzed. The simulation results show that with the increase of the channel's asymmetric degree, the system loss tolerance will descend, one transmission distance will be reduced while the other will be increased. When the asymmetric coefficient of channel is between 0.068 and 0.171, MDI-QKD can satisfy the demand of QKD with an air-water channel, namely the underwater transmission distance and atmospheric transmission distance are not less than 60 m and 12 km, respectively.展开更多
Identification of the ice channel is the basic technology for developing intelligent ships in ice-covered waters,which is important to ensure the safety and economy of navigation.In the Arctic,merchant ships with low ...Identification of the ice channel is the basic technology for developing intelligent ships in ice-covered waters,which is important to ensure the safety and economy of navigation.In the Arctic,merchant ships with low ice class often navigate in channels opened up by icebreakers.Navigation in the ice channel often depends on good maneuverability skills and abundant experience from the captain to a large extent.The ship may get stuck if steered into ice fields off the channel.Under this circumstance,it is very important to study how to identify the boundary lines of ice channels with a reliable method.In this paper,a two-staged ice channel identification method is developed based on image segmentation and corner point regression.The first stage employs the image segmentation method to extract channel regions.In the second stage,an intelligent corner regression network is proposed to extract the channel boundary lines from the channel region.A non-intelligent angle-based filtering and clustering method is proposed and compared with corner point regression network.The training and evaluation of the segmentation method and corner regression network are carried out on the synthetic and real ice channel dataset.The evaluation results show that the accuracy of the method using the corner point regression network in the second stage is achieved as high as 73.33%on the synthetic ice channel dataset and 70.66%on the real ice channel dataset,and the processing speed can reach up to 14.58frames per second.展开更多
Low Earth Orbit(LEO)multibeam satellites will be widely used in the next generation of satellite communication systems,whose inter-beam interference will inevitably limit the performance of the whole system.Nonlinear ...Low Earth Orbit(LEO)multibeam satellites will be widely used in the next generation of satellite communication systems,whose inter-beam interference will inevitably limit the performance of the whole system.Nonlinear precoding such as Tomlinson-Harashima precoding(THP)algorithm has been proved to be a promising technology to solve this problem,which has smaller noise amplification effect compared with linear precoding.However,the similarity of different user channels(defined as channel correlation)will degrade the performance of THP algorithm.In this paper,we qualitatively analyze the inter-beam interference in the whole process of LEO satellite over a specific coverage area,and the impact of channel correlation on Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR)of receivers when THP is applied.One user grouping algorithm is proposed based on the analysis of channel correlation,which could decrease the number of users with high channel correlation in each precoding group,thus improve the performance of THP.Furthermore,our algorithm is designed under the premise of co-frequency deployment and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM),which leads to more users under severe inter-beam interference compared to the existing research on geostationary orbit satellites broadcasting systems.Simulation results show that the proposed user grouping algorithm possesses higher channel capacity and better bit error rate(BER)performance in high SNR conditions relative to existing works.展开更多
Due to the interdependency of frame synchronization(FS)and channel estimation(CE),joint FS and CE(JFSCE)schemes are proposed to enhance their functionalities and therefore boost the overall performance of wireless com...Due to the interdependency of frame synchronization(FS)and channel estimation(CE),joint FS and CE(JFSCE)schemes are proposed to enhance their functionalities and therefore boost the overall performance of wireless communication systems.Although traditional JFSCE schemes alleviate the influence between FS and CE,they show deficiencies in dealing with hardware imperfection(HI)and deterministic line-of-sight(LOS)path.To tackle this challenge,we proposed a cascaded ELM-based JFSCE to alleviate the influence of HI in the scenario of the Rician fading channel.Specifically,the conventional JFSCE method is first employed to extract the initial features,and thus forms the non-Neural Network(NN)solutions for FS and CE,respectively.Then,the ELMbased networks,named FS-NET and CE-NET,are cascaded to capture the NN solutions of FS and CE.Simulation and analysis results show that,compared with the conventional JFSCE methods,the proposed cascaded ELM-based JFSCE significantly reduces the error probability of FS and the normalized mean square error(NMSE)of CE,even against the impacts of parameter variations.展开更多
In this paper,the channel impulse response matrix(CIRM)can be expressed as a sum of couplings between the steering vectors at the base station(BS)and the eigenbases at the mobile station(MS).Nakagami distribution was ...In this paper,the channel impulse response matrix(CIRM)can be expressed as a sum of couplings between the steering vectors at the base station(BS)and the eigenbases at the mobile station(MS).Nakagami distribution was used to describe the fading of the coupling between the steering vectors and the eigenbases.Extensive measurements were carried out to evaluate the performance of this proposed model.Furthermore,the physical implications of this model were illustrated and the capacities are analyzed.In addition,the azimuthal power spectrum(APS)of several models was analyzed.Finally,the channel hardening effect was simulated and discussed.Results showed that the proposed model provides a better fit to the measured results than the other CBSM,i.e.,Weichselberger model.Moreover,the proposed model can provide better tradeoff between accuracy and complexity in channel synthesis.This CIRM model can be used for massive MIMO design in the future communication system design.展开更多
Visible light communication(VLC)has attracted much attention in the research of sixthgeneration(6G)systems.Furthermore,channel modeling is the foundation for designing efficient and robust VLC systems.In this paper,we...Visible light communication(VLC)has attracted much attention in the research of sixthgeneration(6G)systems.Furthermore,channel modeling is the foundation for designing efficient and robust VLC systems.In this paper,we present extensive VLC channel measurement campaigns in indoor environments,i.e.,an office and a corridor.Based on the measured data,the large-scale fading characteristics and multipath-related characteristics,including omnidirectional optical path loss(OPL),K-factor,power angular spectrum(PAS),angle spread(AS),and clustering characteristics,are analyzed and modeled through a statistical method.Based on the extracted statistics of the above-mentioned channel characteristics,we propose a statistical spatial channel model(SSCM)capable of modeling multipath in the spatial domain.Furthermore,the simulated statistics of the proposed model are compared with the measured statistics.For instance,in the office,the simulated path loss exponent(PLE)and the measured PLE are 1.96and 1.97,respectively.And,the simulated medians of AS and measured medians of AS are 25.94°and 24.84°,respectively.Generally,the fact that the simulated results fit well with measured results has demonstrated the accuracy of our SSCM.展开更多
The central nervous system, information integration center of the body, is mainly composed of neurons and glial cells. The neuron is one of the most basic and important structural and functional units of the central n...The central nervous system, information integration center of the body, is mainly composed of neurons and glial cells. The neuron is one of the most basic and important structural and functional units of the central nervous system, with sensory stimulation and excitation conduction functions. Astrocytes and microglia belong to the glial cell family, which is the main source of cytokines and represents the main defense system of the central nervous system. Nerve cells undergo neurotransmission or gliotransmission, which regulates neuronal activity via the ion channels, receptors, or transporters expressed on nerve cell membranes. Ion channels, composed of large transmembrane proteins, play crucial roles in maintaining nerve cell homeostasis. These channels are also important for control of the membrane potential and in the secretion of neurotransmitters. A variety of cellular functions and life activities, including functional regulation of the central nervous system, the generation and conduction of nerve excitation, the occurrence of receptor potential, heart pulsation, smooth muscle peristalsis, skeletal muscle contraction, and hormone secretion, are closely related to ion channels associated with passive transmembrane transport. Two types of ion channels in the central nervous system, potassium channels and calcium channels, are closely related to various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. Accordingly, various drugs that can affect these ion channels have been explored deeply to provide new directions for the treatment of these neurological disorders. In this review, we focus on the functions of potassium and calcium ion channels in different nerve cells and their involvement in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, depression, epilepsy, autism, and rare disorders. We also describe several clinical drugs that target potassium or calcium channels in nerve cells and could be used to treat these disorders. We concluded that there are few clinical drugs that can improve the pathology these diseases by acting on potassium or calcium ions. Although a few novel ion-channelspecific modulators have been discovered, meaningful therapies have largely not yet been realized. The lack of target-specific drugs, their requirement to cross the blood–brain barrier, and their exact underlying mechanisms all need further attention. This review aims to explain the urgent problems that need research progress and provide comprehensive information aiming to arouse the research community's interest in the development of ion channel-targeting drugs and the identification of new therapeutic targets for that can increase the cure rate of nervous system diseases and reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions in other systems.展开更多
A large amount of mobile data from growing high-speed train(HST)users makes intelligent HST communications enter the era of big data.The corresponding artificial intelligence(AI)based HST channel modeling becomes a tr...A large amount of mobile data from growing high-speed train(HST)users makes intelligent HST communications enter the era of big data.The corresponding artificial intelligence(AI)based HST channel modeling becomes a trend.This paper provides AI based channel characteristic prediction and scenario classification model for millimeter wave(mmWave)HST communications.Firstly,the ray tracing method verified by measurement data is applied to reconstruct four representative HST scenarios.By setting the positions of transmitter(Tx),receiver(Rx),and other parameters,the multi-scenarios wireless channel big data is acquired.Then,based on the obtained channel database,radial basis function neural network(RBF-NN)and back propagation neural network(BP-NN)are trained for channel characteristic prediction and scenario classification.Finally,the channel characteristic prediction and scenario classification capabilities of the network are evaluated by calculating the root mean square error(RMSE).The results show that RBF-NN can generally achieve better performance than BP-NN,and is more applicable to prediction of HST scenarios.展开更多
Secret key generation(SKG)is a promising solution to the problem of wireless communications security.As the first step of SKG,channel probing affects it significantly.Although there have been some probing schemes,ther...Secret key generation(SKG)is a promising solution to the problem of wireless communications security.As the first step of SKG,channel probing affects it significantly.Although there have been some probing schemes,there is a lack of research on the optimization of the probing process.This study investigates how to optimize correlated parameters to maximize the SKG rate(SKGR)in the time-division duplex(TDD)mode.First,we build a probing model which includes the effects of transmitting power,the probing period,and the dimension of sample vectors.Based on the model,the analytical expression of the SKGR is given.Next,we formulate an optimization problem for maximizing the SKGR and give an algorithm to solve it.We conclude the SKGR monotonically increases as the transmitting power increases.Relevant mathematical proofs are given in this study.From the simulation results,increasing appropriately the probing period and the dimension of the sample vector could increase the SKGR dramatically compared to a yardstick,which indicates the importance of optimizing the parameters related to the channel probing phase.展开更多
To date,several molecules have been found to facilitate iron influx,while the types of iron influx channels remain to be elucidated.Here,Piezo1 channel was identified as a key iron transporter in response to mechanica...To date,several molecules have been found to facilitate iron influx,while the types of iron influx channels remain to be elucidated.Here,Piezo1 channel was identified as a key iron transporter in response to mechanical stress.Piezo1-mediated iron overload disturbed iron metabolism and exaggerated ferroptosis in nucleus pulposus cells(NPCs).Importantly,Piezo1-induced iron influx was independent of the transferrin receptor(TFRC),a well-recognized iron gatekeeper.Furthermore,pharmacological inactivation of Piezo1 profoundly reduced iron accumulation,alleviated mitochondrial ROS,and suppressed ferroptotic alterations in stimulation of mechanical stress.Moreover,conditional knockout of Piezo1(Col2a1-CreERT Piezo1^(flox/flox))attenuated the mechanical injury-induced intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD).Notably,the protective effect of Piezo1 deficiency in IVDD was dampened in Piezo1/Gpx4 conditional double knockout(cDKO)mice(Col2a1-CreERT Piezo1^(flox/flox)/Gpx4^(flox/flox)).These findings suggest that Piezo1 is a potential determinant of iron influx,indicating that the Piezo1-iron-ferroptosis axis might shed light on the treatment of mechanical stress-induced diseases.展开更多
With the gradual popularization of 5G communications,the application of multi-antenna broadcasting technology has become widespread.Therefore,this study aims to investigate the wireless covert communication in the two...With the gradual popularization of 5G communications,the application of multi-antenna broadcasting technology has become widespread.Therefore,this study aims to investigate the wireless covert communication in the two-user cooperative multi-antenna broadcast channel.We focus on the issue that the deteriorated reliability and undetectability are mainly affected by the transmission power.To tackle this issue,we design a scheme based on beamforming to increase the reliability and undetectability of wireless covert communication in the multi-antenna broadcast channel.We first modeled and analyzed the cooperative multi-antenna broadcasting system,and put forward the target question.Then we use the SCA(successive convex approximation)algorithm to transform the target problem into a series of convex subproblems.Then the convex problems are solved and the covert channel capacity is calculated.In order to verify the effectiveness of the scheme,we conducted simulation verification.The simulation results show that the proposed beamforming scheme can effectively improve the reliability and undetectability of covert communication in multi-antenna broadcast channels.展开更多
This letter proposes a sliced-gated-convolutional neural network with belief propagation(SGCNN-BP) architecture for decoding long codes under correlated noise. The basic idea of SGCNNBP is using Neural Networks(NN) to...This letter proposes a sliced-gated-convolutional neural network with belief propagation(SGCNN-BP) architecture for decoding long codes under correlated noise. The basic idea of SGCNNBP is using Neural Networks(NN) to transform the correlated noise into white noise, setting up the optimal condition for a standard BP decoder that takes the output from the NN. A gate-controlled neuron is used to regulate information flow and an optional operation—slicing is adopted to reduce parameters and lower training complexity. Simulation results show that SGCNN-BP has much better performance(with the largest gap being 5dB improvement) than a single BP decoder and achieves a nearly 1dB improvement compared to Fully Convolutional Networks(FCN).展开更多
We establish the Stinespring dilation theorem of the link product of quantum channels in two different ways,discuss the discrimination of quantum channels,and show that the distinguishability can be improved by self-l...We establish the Stinespring dilation theorem of the link product of quantum channels in two different ways,discuss the discrimination of quantum channels,and show that the distinguishability can be improved by self-linking each quantum channel n times as n grows.We also find that the maximum value of Uhlmann's theorem can be achieved for diagonal channels.展开更多
Channel prediction is critical to address the channel aging issue in mobile scenarios.Existing channel prediction techniques are mainly designed for discrete channel prediction,which can only predict the future channe...Channel prediction is critical to address the channel aging issue in mobile scenarios.Existing channel prediction techniques are mainly designed for discrete channel prediction,which can only predict the future channel in a fixed time slot per frame,while the other intra-frame channels are usually recovered by interpolation.However,these approaches suffer from a serious interpolation loss,especially for mobile millimeter-wave communications.To solve this challenging problem,we propose a tensor neural ordinary differential equation(TN-ODE)based continuous-time channel prediction scheme to realize the direct prediction of intra-frame channels.Specifically,inspired by the recently developed continuous mapping model named neural ODE in the field of machine learning,we first utilize the neural ODE model to predict future continuous-time channels.To improve the channel prediction accuracy and reduce computational complexity,we then propose the TN-ODE scheme to learn the structural characteristics of the high-dimensional channel by low-dimensional learnable transform.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is able to achieve higher intra-frame channel prediction accuracy than existing schemes.展开更多
The influence of variable viscosity and double diffusion on the convective stability of a nanofluid flow in an inclined porous channel is investigated.The DarcyBrinkman model is used to characterize the fluid flow dyn...The influence of variable viscosity and double diffusion on the convective stability of a nanofluid flow in an inclined porous channel is investigated.The DarcyBrinkman model is used to characterize the fluid flow dynamics in porous materials.The analytical solutions are obtained for the unidirectional and completely developed flow.Based on a normal mode analysis,the generalized eigenvalue problem under a perturbed state is solved.The eigenvalue problem is then solved by the spectral method.Finally,the critical Rayleigh number with the corresponding wavenumber is evaluated at the assigned values of the other flow-governing parameters.The results show that increasing the Darcy number,the Lewis number,the Dufour parameter,or the Soret parameter increases the stability of the system,whereas increasing the inclination angle of the channel destabilizes the flow.Besides,the flow is the most unstable when the channel is vertically oriented.展开更多
The Hodgkin–Huxley model assumes independent ion channel activation,although mutual interactions are common in biological systems.This raises the problem why neurons would favor independent over cooperative channel a...The Hodgkin–Huxley model assumes independent ion channel activation,although mutual interactions are common in biological systems.This raises the problem why neurons would favor independent over cooperative channel activation.In this study,we evaluate how cooperative activation of sodium channels affects the neuron’s information processing and energy consumption.Simulations of the stochastic Hodgkin–Huxley model with cooperative activation of sodium channels show that,while cooperative activation enhances neuronal information processing capacity,it greatly increases the neuron’s energy consumption.As a result,cooperative activation of sodium channel degrades the energy efficiency for neuronal information processing.This discovery improves our understanding of the design principles for neural systems,and may provide insights into future designs of the neuromorphic computing devices as well as systematic understanding of pathological mechanisms for neural diseases.展开更多
This paper concerns ultimately bounded output-feedback control problems for networked systems with unknown nonlinear dynamics. Sensor-to-observer signal transmission is facilitated over networks that has communication...This paper concerns ultimately bounded output-feedback control problems for networked systems with unknown nonlinear dynamics. Sensor-to-observer signal transmission is facilitated over networks that has communication constraints.These transmissions are carried out over an unreliable communication channel. In order to enhance the utilization rate of measurement data, a buffer-aided strategy is novelly employed to store historical measurements when communication networks are inaccessible. Using the neural network technique, a novel observer-based controller is introduced to address effects of signal transmission behaviors and unknown nonlinear dynamics.Through the application of stochastic analysis and Lyapunov stability, a joint framework is constructed for analyzing resultant system performance under the introduced controller. Subsequently, existence conditions for the desired output-feedback controller are delineated. The required parameters for the observerbased controller are then determined by resolving some specific matrix inequalities. Finally, a simulation example is showcased to confirm method efficacy.展开更多
This paper investigates the effective capacity of a point-to-point ultra-reliable low latency communication(URLLC)transmission over multiple parallel sub-channels at finite blocklength(FBL)with imperfect channel state...This paper investigates the effective capacity of a point-to-point ultra-reliable low latency communication(URLLC)transmission over multiple parallel sub-channels at finite blocklength(FBL)with imperfect channel state information(CSI).Based on reasonable assumptions and approximations,we derive the effective capacity as a function of the pilot length,decoding error probability,transmit power and the sub-channel number.Then we reveal significant impact of the above parameters on the effective capacity.A closed-form lower bound of the effective capacity is derived and an alternating optimization based algorithm is proposed to find the optimal pilot length and decoding error probability.Simulation results validate our theoretical analysis and show that the closedform lower bound is very tight.In addition,through the simulations of the optimized effective capacity,insights for pilot length and decoding error probability optimization are provided to evaluate the optimal parameters in realistic systems.展开更多
In Beyond the Fifth Generation(B5G)heterogeneous edge networks,numerous users are multiplexed on a channel or served on the same frequency resource block,in which case the transmitter applies coding and the receiver u...In Beyond the Fifth Generation(B5G)heterogeneous edge networks,numerous users are multiplexed on a channel or served on the same frequency resource block,in which case the transmitter applies coding and the receiver uses interference cancellation.Unfortunately,uncoordinated radio resource allocation can reduce system throughput and lead to user inequity,for this reason,in this paper,channel allocation and power allocation problems are formulated to maximize the system sum rate and minimum user achievable rate.Since the construction model is non-convex and the response variables are high-dimensional,a distributed Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)framework called distributed Proximal Policy Optimization(PPO)is proposed to allocate or assign resources.Specifically,several simulated agents are trained in a heterogeneous environment to find robust behaviors that perform well in channel assignment and power allocation.Moreover,agents in the collection stage slow down,which hinders the learning of other agents.Therefore,a preemption strategy is further proposed in this paper to optimize the distributed PPO,form DP-PPO and successfully mitigate the straggler problem.The experimental results show that our mechanism named DP-PPO improves the performance over other DRL methods.展开更多
In-Ga-Zn-O(IGZO) channel based thin-film transistors(TFT), which exhibit high on-off current ratio and relatively high mobility, has been widely researched due to its back end of line(BEOL)-compatible potential for th...In-Ga-Zn-O(IGZO) channel based thin-film transistors(TFT), which exhibit high on-off current ratio and relatively high mobility, has been widely researched due to its back end of line(BEOL)-compatible potential for the next generation dynamic random access memory(DRAM) application. In this work, thermal atomic layer deposition(TALD) indium gallium zinc oxide(IGZO) technology was explored. It was found that the atomic composition and the physical properties of the IGZO films can be modulated by changing the sub-cycles number during atomic layer deposition(ALD) process. In addition, thin-film transistors(TFTs) with vertical channel-all-around(CAA) structure were realized to explore the influence of different IGZO films as channel layers on the performance of transistors. Our research demonstrates that TALD is crucial for high density integration technology, and the proposed vertical IGZO CAA-TFT provides a feasible path to break through the technical problems for the continuous scale of electronic equipment.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61302099)
文摘A measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution(MDI-QKD) method with an air-water channel is researched. In this method, the underwater vehicle and satellite are the legitimate parties, and the third party is at the airwater interface in order to simplify the unilateral quantum channel to water or air. Considering the condition that both unilateral transmission distance and transmission loss coefficient are unequal, a perfect model of the asymmetric channel is built. The influence of asymmetric channel on system loss tolerance and secure transmission distance is analyzed. The simulation results show that with the increase of the channel's asymmetric degree, the system loss tolerance will descend, one transmission distance will be reduced while the other will be increased. When the asymmetric coefficient of channel is between 0.068 and 0.171, MDI-QKD can satisfy the demand of QKD with an air-water channel, namely the underwater transmission distance and atmospheric transmission distance are not less than 60 m and 12 km, respectively.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2022YFE0107000)the General Projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52171259)the High-Tech Ship Research Project of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(Grant No.[2021]342)。
文摘Identification of the ice channel is the basic technology for developing intelligent ships in ice-covered waters,which is important to ensure the safety and economy of navigation.In the Arctic,merchant ships with low ice class often navigate in channels opened up by icebreakers.Navigation in the ice channel often depends on good maneuverability skills and abundant experience from the captain to a large extent.The ship may get stuck if steered into ice fields off the channel.Under this circumstance,it is very important to study how to identify the boundary lines of ice channels with a reliable method.In this paper,a two-staged ice channel identification method is developed based on image segmentation and corner point regression.The first stage employs the image segmentation method to extract channel regions.In the second stage,an intelligent corner regression network is proposed to extract the channel boundary lines from the channel region.A non-intelligent angle-based filtering and clustering method is proposed and compared with corner point regression network.The training and evaluation of the segmentation method and corner regression network are carried out on the synthetic and real ice channel dataset.The evaluation results show that the accuracy of the method using the corner point regression network in the second stage is achieved as high as 73.33%on the synthetic ice channel dataset and 70.66%on the real ice channel dataset,and the processing speed can reach up to 14.58frames per second.
基金supported by the Key R&D Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2020YFB1808005)。
文摘Low Earth Orbit(LEO)multibeam satellites will be widely used in the next generation of satellite communication systems,whose inter-beam interference will inevitably limit the performance of the whole system.Nonlinear precoding such as Tomlinson-Harashima precoding(THP)algorithm has been proved to be a promising technology to solve this problem,which has smaller noise amplification effect compared with linear precoding.However,the similarity of different user channels(defined as channel correlation)will degrade the performance of THP algorithm.In this paper,we qualitatively analyze the inter-beam interference in the whole process of LEO satellite over a specific coverage area,and the impact of channel correlation on Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR)of receivers when THP is applied.One user grouping algorithm is proposed based on the analysis of channel correlation,which could decrease the number of users with high channel correlation in each precoding group,thus improve the performance of THP.Furthermore,our algorithm is designed under the premise of co-frequency deployment and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM),which leads to more users under severe inter-beam interference compared to the existing research on geostationary orbit satellites broadcasting systems.Simulation results show that the proposed user grouping algorithm possesses higher channel capacity and better bit error rate(BER)performance in high SNR conditions relative to existing works.
基金supported in part by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2023YFG0316)the Industry-University Research Innovation Fund of China University(Grant No.2021ITA10016)+1 种基金the Key Scientific Research Fund of Xihua University(Grant No.Z1320929)the Special Funds of Industry Development of Sichuan Province(Grant No.zyf-2018-056).
文摘Due to the interdependency of frame synchronization(FS)and channel estimation(CE),joint FS and CE(JFSCE)schemes are proposed to enhance their functionalities and therefore boost the overall performance of wireless communication systems.Although traditional JFSCE schemes alleviate the influence between FS and CE,they show deficiencies in dealing with hardware imperfection(HI)and deterministic line-of-sight(LOS)path.To tackle this challenge,we proposed a cascaded ELM-based JFSCE to alleviate the influence of HI in the scenario of the Rician fading channel.Specifically,the conventional JFSCE method is first employed to extract the initial features,and thus forms the non-Neural Network(NN)solutions for FS and CE,respectively.Then,the ELMbased networks,named FS-NET and CE-NET,are cascaded to capture the NN solutions of FS and CE.Simulation and analysis results show that,compared with the conventional JFSCE methods,the proposed cascaded ELM-based JFSCE significantly reduces the error probability of FS and the normalized mean square error(NMSE)of CE,even against the impacts of parameter variations.
基金supported by the Key R&D Project of Jiangsu Province(Modern Agriculture)under Grant BE2022322 the"Pilot Plan"Internet of Things special project(China Institute of Io T(wuxi)and Wuxi Internet of Things Innovation Promotion Center)under Grant 2022SP-T16-Bin part by the 111 Project under Grant B12018+2 种基金in part by the Six talent peaks project in Jiangsu Provincein part by the open foundation of Key Laboratory of Wireless Sensor Network and Communication,Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant 20190917in part by the open research fund of Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology(Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Ministry of Education)。
文摘In this paper,the channel impulse response matrix(CIRM)can be expressed as a sum of couplings between the steering vectors at the base station(BS)and the eigenbases at the mobile station(MS).Nakagami distribution was used to describe the fading of the coupling between the steering vectors and the eigenbases.Extensive measurements were carried out to evaluate the performance of this proposed model.Furthermore,the physical implications of this model were illustrated and the capacities are analyzed.In addition,the azimuthal power spectrum(APS)of several models was analyzed.Finally,the channel hardening effect was simulated and discussed.Results showed that the proposed model provides a better fit to the measured results than the other CBSM,i.e.,Weichselberger model.Moreover,the proposed model can provide better tradeoff between accuracy and complexity in channel synthesis.This CIRM model can be used for massive MIMO design in the future communication system design.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.61925102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62201086,92167202,62201087,62101069)BUPT-CMCC Joint Innovation Center,and State Key Laboratory of IPOC(BUPT)(No.IPOC2023ZT02),China。
文摘Visible light communication(VLC)has attracted much attention in the research of sixthgeneration(6G)systems.Furthermore,channel modeling is the foundation for designing efficient and robust VLC systems.In this paper,we present extensive VLC channel measurement campaigns in indoor environments,i.e.,an office and a corridor.Based on the measured data,the large-scale fading characteristics and multipath-related characteristics,including omnidirectional optical path loss(OPL),K-factor,power angular spectrum(PAS),angle spread(AS),and clustering characteristics,are analyzed and modeled through a statistical method.Based on the extracted statistics of the above-mentioned channel characteristics,we propose a statistical spatial channel model(SSCM)capable of modeling multipath in the spatial domain.Furthermore,the simulated statistics of the proposed model are compared with the measured statistics.For instance,in the office,the simulated path loss exponent(PLE)and the measured PLE are 1.96and 1.97,respectively.And,the simulated medians of AS and measured medians of AS are 25.94°and 24.84°,respectively.Generally,the fact that the simulated results fit well with measured results has demonstrated the accuracy of our SSCM.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81901098(to TC),82201668(to HL)Fujian Provincial Health Technology Project,No.2021QNA072(to HL)。
文摘The central nervous system, information integration center of the body, is mainly composed of neurons and glial cells. The neuron is one of the most basic and important structural and functional units of the central nervous system, with sensory stimulation and excitation conduction functions. Astrocytes and microglia belong to the glial cell family, which is the main source of cytokines and represents the main defense system of the central nervous system. Nerve cells undergo neurotransmission or gliotransmission, which regulates neuronal activity via the ion channels, receptors, or transporters expressed on nerve cell membranes. Ion channels, composed of large transmembrane proteins, play crucial roles in maintaining nerve cell homeostasis. These channels are also important for control of the membrane potential and in the secretion of neurotransmitters. A variety of cellular functions and life activities, including functional regulation of the central nervous system, the generation and conduction of nerve excitation, the occurrence of receptor potential, heart pulsation, smooth muscle peristalsis, skeletal muscle contraction, and hormone secretion, are closely related to ion channels associated with passive transmembrane transport. Two types of ion channels in the central nervous system, potassium channels and calcium channels, are closely related to various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. Accordingly, various drugs that can affect these ion channels have been explored deeply to provide new directions for the treatment of these neurological disorders. In this review, we focus on the functions of potassium and calcium ion channels in different nerve cells and their involvement in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, depression, epilepsy, autism, and rare disorders. We also describe several clinical drugs that target potassium or calcium channels in nerve cells and could be used to treat these disorders. We concluded that there are few clinical drugs that can improve the pathology these diseases by acting on potassium or calcium ions. Although a few novel ion-channelspecific modulators have been discovered, meaningful therapies have largely not yet been realized. The lack of target-specific drugs, their requirement to cross the blood–brain barrier, and their exact underlying mechanisms all need further attention. This review aims to explain the urgent problems that need research progress and provide comprehensive information aiming to arouse the research community's interest in the development of ion channel-targeting drugs and the identification of new therapeutic targets for that can increase the cure rate of nervous system diseases and reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions in other systems.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2021YFB1407001the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grants 62001269 and 61960206006+2 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety (under Grants RCS2022K009)Beijing Jiaotong University, the Future Plan Program for Young Scholars of Shandong Universitythe EU H2020 RISE TESTBED2 project under Grant 872172
文摘A large amount of mobile data from growing high-speed train(HST)users makes intelligent HST communications enter the era of big data.The corresponding artificial intelligence(AI)based HST channel modeling becomes a trend.This paper provides AI based channel characteristic prediction and scenario classification model for millimeter wave(mmWave)HST communications.Firstly,the ray tracing method verified by measurement data is applied to reconstruct four representative HST scenarios.By setting the positions of transmitter(Tx),receiver(Rx),and other parameters,the multi-scenarios wireless channel big data is acquired.Then,based on the obtained channel database,radial basis function neural network(RBF-NN)and back propagation neural network(BP-NN)are trained for channel characteristic prediction and scenario classification.Finally,the channel characteristic prediction and scenario classification capabilities of the network are evaluated by calculating the root mean square error(RMSE).The results show that RBF-NN can generally achieve better performance than BP-NN,and is more applicable to prediction of HST scenarios.
基金supported in part by the national natural science foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant61871193in part by the R&D Program of key science and technology fields in Guangdong province under Grant 2019B090912001in part by the Guangzhou Key Field R&D Program under Grant 202206030005
文摘Secret key generation(SKG)is a promising solution to the problem of wireless communications security.As the first step of SKG,channel probing affects it significantly.Although there have been some probing schemes,there is a lack of research on the optimization of the probing process.This study investigates how to optimize correlated parameters to maximize the SKG rate(SKGR)in the time-division duplex(TDD)mode.First,we build a probing model which includes the effects of transmitting power,the probing period,and the dimension of sample vectors.Based on the model,the analytical expression of the SKGR is given.Next,we formulate an optimization problem for maximizing the SKGR and give an algorithm to solve it.We conclude the SKGR monotonically increases as the transmitting power increases.Relevant mathematical proofs are given in this study.From the simulation results,increasing appropriately the probing period and the dimension of the sample vector could increase the SKGR dramatically compared to a yardstick,which indicates the importance of optimizing the parameters related to the channel probing phase.
基金supported in part by the National Nature Science Foundation(81874022 and 82172483 to Xinyu Liu,82102522 to Lianlei Wang,82072478 to Yunpeng Zhao,82072435 to Qiang Yang,82073437 to Weiwei Li,81930070 to Shiqing Feng,82272548 to Lei Cheng)Key R&D Project of Shandong Province(2022CXGC010503 to Xinyu Liu)+1 种基金Shandong Natural Science Foundation(ZR202102210113 to Lianlei Wang,ZR2020YQ54 to Yunpeng Zhao)Shandong Province Taishan Scholar Project(tsqn202211317 to Lianlei Wang).The authors thank the Translational Medicine Core Facility of Shandong University for the consultation and instrument availability that supported this work.
文摘To date,several molecules have been found to facilitate iron influx,while the types of iron influx channels remain to be elucidated.Here,Piezo1 channel was identified as a key iron transporter in response to mechanical stress.Piezo1-mediated iron overload disturbed iron metabolism and exaggerated ferroptosis in nucleus pulposus cells(NPCs).Importantly,Piezo1-induced iron influx was independent of the transferrin receptor(TFRC),a well-recognized iron gatekeeper.Furthermore,pharmacological inactivation of Piezo1 profoundly reduced iron accumulation,alleviated mitochondrial ROS,and suppressed ferroptotic alterations in stimulation of mechanical stress.Moreover,conditional knockout of Piezo1(Col2a1-CreERT Piezo1^(flox/flox))attenuated the mechanical injury-induced intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD).Notably,the protective effect of Piezo1 deficiency in IVDD was dampened in Piezo1/Gpx4 conditional double knockout(cDKO)mice(Col2a1-CreERT Piezo1^(flox/flox)/Gpx4^(flox/flox)).These findings suggest that Piezo1 is a potential determinant of iron influx,indicating that the Piezo1-iron-ferroptosis axis might shed light on the treatment of mechanical stress-induced diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.U1836104,61772281,61702235,61801073,61931004,62072250).
文摘With the gradual popularization of 5G communications,the application of multi-antenna broadcasting technology has become widespread.Therefore,this study aims to investigate the wireless covert communication in the two-user cooperative multi-antenna broadcast channel.We focus on the issue that the deteriorated reliability and undetectability are mainly affected by the transmission power.To tackle this issue,we design a scheme based on beamforming to increase the reliability and undetectability of wireless covert communication in the multi-antenna broadcast channel.We first modeled and analyzed the cooperative multi-antenna broadcasting system,and put forward the target question.Then we use the SCA(successive convex approximation)algorithm to transform the target problem into a series of convex subproblems.Then the convex problems are solved and the covert channel capacity is calculated.In order to verify the effectiveness of the scheme,we conducted simulation verification.The simulation results show that the proposed beamforming scheme can effectively improve the reliability and undetectability of covert communication in multi-antenna broadcast channels.
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation (L202003)。
文摘This letter proposes a sliced-gated-convolutional neural network with belief propagation(SGCNN-BP) architecture for decoding long codes under correlated noise. The basic idea of SGCNNBP is using Neural Networks(NN) to transform the correlated noise into white noise, setting up the optimal condition for a standard BP decoder that takes the output from the NN. A gate-controlled neuron is used to regulate information flow and an optional operation—slicing is adopted to reduce parameters and lower training complexity. Simulation results show that SGCNN-BP has much better performance(with the largest gap being 5dB improvement) than a single BP decoder and achieves a nearly 1dB improvement compared to Fully Convolutional Networks(FCN).
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61877054,12031004,and 12271474).
文摘We establish the Stinespring dilation theorem of the link product of quantum channels in two different ways,discuss the discrimination of quantum channels,and show that the distinguishability can be improved by self-linking each quantum channel n times as n grows.We also find that the maximum value of Uhlmann's theorem can be achieved for diagonal channels.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFB1805005)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62031019)in part by the European Commission through the H2020-MSCA-ITN META WIRELESS Research Project under Grant 956256。
文摘Channel prediction is critical to address the channel aging issue in mobile scenarios.Existing channel prediction techniques are mainly designed for discrete channel prediction,which can only predict the future channel in a fixed time slot per frame,while the other intra-frame channels are usually recovered by interpolation.However,these approaches suffer from a serious interpolation loss,especially for mobile millimeter-wave communications.To solve this challenging problem,we propose a tensor neural ordinary differential equation(TN-ODE)based continuous-time channel prediction scheme to realize the direct prediction of intra-frame channels.Specifically,inspired by the recently developed continuous mapping model named neural ODE in the field of machine learning,we first utilize the neural ODE model to predict future continuous-time channels.To improve the channel prediction accuracy and reduce computational complexity,we then propose the TN-ODE scheme to learn the structural characteristics of the high-dimensional channel by low-dimensional learnable transform.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is able to achieve higher intra-frame channel prediction accuracy than existing schemes.
文摘The influence of variable viscosity and double diffusion on the convective stability of a nanofluid flow in an inclined porous channel is investigated.The DarcyBrinkman model is used to characterize the fluid flow dynamics in porous materials.The analytical solutions are obtained for the unidirectional and completely developed flow.Based on a normal mode analysis,the generalized eigenvalue problem under a perturbed state is solved.The eigenvalue problem is then solved by the spectral method.Finally,the critical Rayleigh number with the corresponding wavenumber is evaluated at the assigned values of the other flow-governing parameters.The results show that increasing the Darcy number,the Lewis number,the Dufour parameter,or the Soret parameter increases the stability of the system,whereas increasing the inclination angle of the channel destabilizes the flow.Besides,the flow is the most unstable when the channel is vertically oriented.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.lzujbky-2021-62)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2018SHZDZX01)Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence(LCNBI)and ZJLab,and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12247101).
文摘The Hodgkin–Huxley model assumes independent ion channel activation,although mutual interactions are common in biological systems.This raises the problem why neurons would favor independent over cooperative channel activation.In this study,we evaluate how cooperative activation of sodium channels affects the neuron’s information processing and energy consumption.Simulations of the stochastic Hodgkin–Huxley model with cooperative activation of sodium channels show that,while cooperative activation enhances neuronal information processing capacity,it greatly increases the neuron’s energy consumption.As a result,cooperative activation of sodium channel degrades the energy efficiency for neuronal information processing.This discovery improves our understanding of the design principles for neural systems,and may provide insights into future designs of the neuromorphic computing devices as well as systematic understanding of pathological mechanisms for neural diseases.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61933007,62273087,U22A2044,61973102,62073180)the Shanghai Pujiang Program of China (22PJ1400400)+1 种基金the Royal Society of the UKthe Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Germany。
文摘This paper concerns ultimately bounded output-feedback control problems for networked systems with unknown nonlinear dynamics. Sensor-to-observer signal transmission is facilitated over networks that has communication constraints.These transmissions are carried out over an unreliable communication channel. In order to enhance the utilization rate of measurement data, a buffer-aided strategy is novelly employed to store historical measurements when communication networks are inaccessible. Using the neural network technique, a novel observer-based controller is introduced to address effects of signal transmission behaviors and unknown nonlinear dynamics.Through the application of stochastic analysis and Lyapunov stability, a joint framework is constructed for analyzing resultant system performance under the introduced controller. Subsequently, existence conditions for the desired output-feedback controller are delineated. The required parameters for the observerbased controller are then determined by resolving some specific matrix inequalities. Finally, a simulation example is showcased to confirm method efficacy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 61941106。
文摘This paper investigates the effective capacity of a point-to-point ultra-reliable low latency communication(URLLC)transmission over multiple parallel sub-channels at finite blocklength(FBL)with imperfect channel state information(CSI).Based on reasonable assumptions and approximations,we derive the effective capacity as a function of the pilot length,decoding error probability,transmit power and the sub-channel number.Then we reveal significant impact of the above parameters on the effective capacity.A closed-form lower bound of the effective capacity is derived and an alternating optimization based algorithm is proposed to find the optimal pilot length and decoding error probability.Simulation results validate our theoretical analysis and show that the closedform lower bound is very tight.In addition,through the simulations of the optimized effective capacity,insights for pilot length and decoding error probability optimization are provided to evaluate the optimal parameters in realistic systems.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3005401)Key Research and Development Program of China,Yunnan Province(No.202203AA080009,202202AF080003)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX21_0482).
文摘In Beyond the Fifth Generation(B5G)heterogeneous edge networks,numerous users are multiplexed on a channel or served on the same frequency resource block,in which case the transmitter applies coding and the receiver uses interference cancellation.Unfortunately,uncoordinated radio resource allocation can reduce system throughput and lead to user inequity,for this reason,in this paper,channel allocation and power allocation problems are formulated to maximize the system sum rate and minimum user achievable rate.Since the construction model is non-convex and the response variables are high-dimensional,a distributed Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)framework called distributed Proximal Policy Optimization(PPO)is proposed to allocate or assign resources.Specifically,several simulated agents are trained in a heterogeneous environment to find robust behaviors that perform well in channel assignment and power allocation.Moreover,agents in the collection stage slow down,which hinders the learning of other agents.Therefore,a preemption strategy is further proposed in this paper to optimize the distributed PPO,form DP-PPO and successfully mitigate the straggler problem.The experimental results show that our mechanism named DP-PPO improves the performance over other DRL methods.
基金funded in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3606900)in part by the National Natural Science of China(Grant No.62004217)。
文摘In-Ga-Zn-O(IGZO) channel based thin-film transistors(TFT), which exhibit high on-off current ratio and relatively high mobility, has been widely researched due to its back end of line(BEOL)-compatible potential for the next generation dynamic random access memory(DRAM) application. In this work, thermal atomic layer deposition(TALD) indium gallium zinc oxide(IGZO) technology was explored. It was found that the atomic composition and the physical properties of the IGZO films can be modulated by changing the sub-cycles number during atomic layer deposition(ALD) process. In addition, thin-film transistors(TFTs) with vertical channel-all-around(CAA) structure were realized to explore the influence of different IGZO films as channel layers on the performance of transistors. Our research demonstrates that TALD is crucial for high density integration technology, and the proposed vertical IGZO CAA-TFT provides a feasible path to break through the technical problems for the continuous scale of electronic equipment.