Fast compressed sensing spectral measurement with adaptive gradient multiscale resolution

We propose a fast,adaptive multiscale resolution spectral measurement method based on compressed sensing.The method can apply variable measurement resolution over the entire spectral range to reduce the measurement time by over 75%compared to a global high-resolution measurement.Mimicking the characteristics of the human retina system,the resolution distribution follows the principle of gradually decreasing.The system allows the spectral peaks of interest to be captured dynamically or to be specified a priori by a user.The system was tested by measuring single and dual spectral peaks,and the results of spectral peaks are consistent with those of global high-resolution measurements.

Recent progress in nuclear data measurement for ADS at IMP

Recent progress in nuclear data measurement for ADS at Institute of Modern Physics is reviewed briefly.Based on the cooler storage ring of the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou, nuclear data terminal was established.The nuclear data measurement facility for the ADS spallation target has been constructed, which provides a very important platform for the experimental measurements of spallation reactions. A number of experiments have been conducted in the nuclear data terminal. A Neutron Time-of-Flight(NTOF)spectrometer was developed for the study of neutron production from spallation reactions related to the ADS project.The experiments of 400 MeV/u ^(16)O bombarded on a tungsten target were presented using a NTOF spectrometer.Neutron yields for 250 MeV protons incident on a thick grain-made tungsten target and a thick solid lead target have been measured using the water-bath neutron activation method. Spallation residual productions were studied by bombarding W and Pb targets with a 250 MeV proton beam using the neutron activation method. Benchmarking of evaluated nuclear data libraries was performed for D-T neutrons on ADS relevant materials by using the benchmark experimental facility at the China Institute of Atomic Energy.

Determination of gross α and β activities in Zouma River based on online HPGe gamma measurement system

This paper describes a low-cost and fast method to evaluate gross α and β^(-) radioactivities in natural water based on an online high-purity germanium detector gamma measurement system.The major gamma activities in natural water are provided by natural and artificial radionuclides such as ^(40) K,^(137)Cs,and radionuclides belonging to ^(238)U and ^(232)Th series.The main a emitters related to gamma emissions in natural water are ^(224)Ra(240.98 keV)and ^(226)Ra(186.21 keV),and the β^(-) emitters are ^(40) K(1460.85 keV),^(214)Bi(609.31 keV),^(208)Tl(583.19 keV),and ^(214)Pb(351.93 keV).The formula for gross α and β^(-) activity concentration is based on these radionuclides,and the short half-life decay products are considered in the calculation.The detection efficiency of the device across energy region(0–3 MeV)is obtained through Monte Carlo simulation,and a calibration experiment is conducted to verify the simulation results.Gamma radioactivity is measured continuously for 114 d in Pixian County and Dongfeng Canal located in the Zouma River,Chengdu,Sichuan Province,China.A comparison of the calculation results and monitoring data from the Sichuan Management and Monitoring Center Station of Radioactive Environment indicates that the percentage and absolute error of a activity concentration is lower than 53%and 0.02 Bq/L,respectively,and that of β-activity concentration is lower than 33.2%and 0.016 Bq/L,respectively.The method can rapidly determine gross α and β^(-) activity concentrations in natural water online.

Landslide data mosaicking based on an airborne laser point cloud and multi-beam sonar images

Landslides are one of the most disastrous geological hazards in southwestern China.Once a landslide becomes unstable,it threatens the lives and safety of local residents.However,empirical studies on landslides have predominantly focused on landslides that occur on land.To this end,we aim to investigate ashore and underwater landslide data synchronously.This study proposes an optimized mosaicking method for ashore and underwater landslide data.This method fuses an airborne laser point cloud with multi-beam depth sounder images.Owing to their relatively high efficiency and large coverage area,airborne laser measurement systems are suitable for emergency investigations of landslides.Based on the airborne laser point cloud,the traversal of the point with the lowest elevation value in the point set can be used to perform rapid extraction of the crude channel boundaries.Further meticulous extraction of the channel boundaries is then implemented using the probability mean value optimization method.In addition,synthesis of the integrated ashore and underwater landslide data angle is realized using the spatial guide line between the channel boundaries and the underwater multibeam sonar images.A landslide located on the right bank of the middle reaches of the Yalong River is selected as a case study to demonstrate that the proposed method has higher precision thantraditional methods.The experimental results show that the mosaicking method in this study can meet the basic needs of landslide modeling and provide a basis for qualitative and quantitative analysis and stability prediction of landslides.

THE CONFIDENCE EVALUATION FOR AIRBORNE GPS DATA

GPS kinematic carrier phase measurements can be used to determine seven di- mension state and three attitude parameters of a motional carrier,such as an aircraft or a low- earth-orbit spacecraft,on which an antenna is installed to receive GPS signals. It is known from airborne GPS test results for photogrammetry in China since 1994 that GPS carrier phase measurements in a motional environment have acquired external accuracies of ± 7. 9cm for two dimensional positions and ± 18. 1cm for point heights. This paper describes airborne GPS carrier phase -measurements with multireference stations and discusses how to evaluate the confidence of GPS kinematic data.

BaF_2 TIME DIFFERENTIAL PERTURBED ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION SPECTROMETER

A BaF2 time differential perturbed angular distribution spectrometer has been established at the HI-13 tandem accelerator in CIAE. The time resolution of the spectrometer is 195 ps and the nonlinearity is less than 2 %. The spectrometer works very stably and no time drift is found over a period of experimelltal ruffs. This spectrometer has been successfully used in the g-factor measurement of 43 Sc (19/2-,3.1232 MeV).

Occupation-related airborne diseases: Management and prevention of tuberculosis among nurses working in Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital

Objective:More health workers die from infectious diseases such as tuberculosis(TB)than from any other infectious agent,so the current study is designed to assess TB treatment and preventive measures as they relate to nursing care practice.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 82 nurses from December 2022 to January 2023.The data were collected through a self-developed questionnaire and analyzed by frequency table and analysis of variance(ANOVA)statistics.Results:The researchers found that nurses have sufficient knowledge on Infection Prevention and Control(IPC)policy,but not all nurses follow this management protocol,and the reason for their action is addressed in this study.The management and preventive measures used by the participants were identified as:proper cough etiquette/hygiene,working in a well-ventilated area,use of mask,appropriate disposal of used items and so on was reported.Moreover,this study also discovered that there is a positive correlation between nurses who had received training in IPC policy and their use of airborne preventive measures for TB patients(F=1.87,P=0.002)as well as a positive correlation between the availability of resources and their adherence to the proper use of airborne preventive measures when caring for TB patients(F=1.96,P˂0.001).Conclusion:We proposed infection and control training for nurses and adequate equipment supplies to the TB ward which are required in quick TB diagnosis,and must be carried out on a regular basis by health-care personnel,for efficient nursing practice.Ensuring proper safety equipment and isolation units should be available and assessable for nurses or other health workers showing sign or symptoms of TB.Similarly,it is necessary for government to put in place the control and regulations that will safeguard nurses and mandate them to adopt TB prevention protocols,which will aid in lowering the prevalence of TB among nurses.

Design of Lead Spectrometer for Spent Fuel Fissile Assay

The design of a lead slowing down spectrometer is being developed at KAERI （Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute） for an analysis of isotopic fissile content in spent and recycled fuel. The lead spectrometer has an advantage to assay fissile content directly from spent fuel. Accurate fissile material data must be fed back to the spent fuel design and management. For reutilization of PWR spent fuel, an isotopic fissile content analysis is required to obtain safety and economics in the fuel cycle. The LSDS （lead slowing down spectrometer） uses the different fission signatures of each fissile with respect to the interrogation neutron energy. Several simulations were done and parameter was obtained for the system working. Energy between 1 keV to 0.1 eV is very sensitive to isotopic fissile material fission with good energy resolution. An external source neutron is necessary to induce enough fissile fission. A neutron production methodology is being developed for cost effectiveness, easy maintenance and high neutron yield rate. The threshold fission detector screens the prompt fast fission neutrons from an intense radiation background. The detection of a fission signature has a direct relationship with the isotopic fissile content.

BaF2 TIME DIFFERENTIAL PERTURBED ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION SPECTROMETER

A BaF2 time differential perturbed angular distribution spectrometer has been established at the HI-13 tandem accelerator in CIAE. The time resolution of the spectrometer is 195 ps and the nonlinearity is less than 2 %. The spectrometer works very stably and no time drift is found over a period of experimelltal ruffs. This spectrometer has been successfully used in the g-factor measurement of 43 Sc (19/2-,3.1232 MeV).

Improving the wind and temperature measurements of an airborne meteorological measuring system

The Aircraft Integrated Meteorological Measuring System 20 Hz(AIMMS-20) has been used by the Hong Kong Observatory(HKO),China in data collection for tropical cyclone situations over the South China Sea and windshear and turbulence measurement at the Hong Kong International Airport(HKIA).This paper discusses possible methods for further enhancing the quality of the wind and temperature measurements from the system.For wind measurement,the enhancement methods include:error modelling of the accelerometer(e.g.,bias offset and cross-axis rate sensitivity),global positioning system(GPS) phase lag consideration,better representation of the inertial measurement unit(IMU) velocity based on the GPS velocities and considering their location differences,consideration of the slower update of GPS velocity,and wing flexure.For temperature measurement,the methods include the consideration of the temperature sensor response and the sensor housing response.The results of typical flights using AIMMS-20 show that the accuracy of the wind and temperature data could be improved by 20%-30%.Though the discussion in the present paper is related mainly to a specific meteorological measuring system on a particular aircraft,the techniques so employed should be a useful reference for similar systems installed on other aircraft.

Digital logarithmic airborne gamma ray spectrometer

A new digital logarithmic airborne gamma ray spectrometer is designed in this study. The spectrometer adopts a high-speed and high-accuracy logarithmic amplifier （LOGll4） to amplify the pulse signal logarithmically and to improve the utilization of the ADC dynamic range because the low-energy pulse signal has a larger gain than the high-energy pulse signal. After energy calibration, the spectrometer can clearly distinguish photopeaks at 239, 352, 583 and 609 keV in the low-energy spectral sections. The photopeak energy resolution of 137Cs improves to 6.75% from the original 7.8%. Furthermore, the energy resolution of three photopeaks, namely, K, U, and Th, is maintained, and the overall stability of the energy spectrum is increased through potassium peak spectrum stabilization. Thus, it is possible to effectively measure energy from 20 keV to 10 MeV.

Space-resolved vacuum-ultraviolet spectroscopy for measuring impurity emission from divertor region of EAST tokamak

The measurement of impurity distribution in the divertor region of tokamaks is key to studying edge impurity transport.Therefore,a space-resolved vacuum-ultraviolet(VUV)spectrometer is designed to measure impurity emission in the divertor region on EAST.For good spectral resolution,an eagle-type VUV spectrometer with 1 m long focal length with spherical holograph grating is used in the system.For light collection,a collimating mirror is installed between the EAST plasma and the VUV spectrometer to extend the observing range to cover the upper divertor region.Two types of detectors,i.e.a back-illuminated charge-coupled device detector and a photomultiplier-tube detector,are adopted for the spectral measurement and high-frequency intensity measurement for feedback control,respectively.The angle between the entrance and exit optical axis is fixed at 15°.The detector can be moved along the exit axis to maintain a good focusing position when the wavelength is scanned by rotating the grating.The profile of impurity emissions is projected through the space-resolved slit,which is set horizontally.The spectrometer is equipped with two gratings with 2400 grooves/mm and2160 grooves/mm,respectively.The overall aberration of the system is reduced by accurate detector positioning.As a result,the total spectral broadening can be reduced to about 0.013 nm.The simulated performance of the system is found to satisfy the requirement of measurement of impurity emissions from the divertor area of the EAST tokamak.

A progress review on methods for in vivo measurement of ^(131)I in thyroids by using portable gamma spectrometers

Iodine-131 is a highly toxic and volatile artificial radionuclide that is easily inhaled or ingested by the human body and selectively accumulates in thyroid tissue.With the development of nuclear medicine and nuclear power plants,the unintended release of ^(131)I has been widely studied,and the in vivo measurement of ^(131)I in the thyroid has become a research hotspot in the field of radiation protection.In recent decades,several methods and devices have been developed for in vivo measurements with respect to different measurement purposes and requirements.In this work,for more accurate determinations of individual ^(131)I in the thyroid in the field,the uncertainties of measurements by using portable gamma spectrometers were reviewed and analyzed,and monitoring strategies for improving the accuracy were proposed and prospected.

The nonlinearity measurement of charge-coupled device array spectrometer using colorful LED

A nonlinearity measurement of the charge-coupled device(CCD) array spectrometer using flux addition and comparison method is described. The light with various colors from the colorful light emitting diode(LED) light source is applied to measure the nonlinearity of the spectrometer at different wavelengths, respectively. An high-end CCD array spectrometer is tested. For colorful LED light sources, the nonlinearity factors of the CCD array spectrometer(absolute value) are as follows: k<0.8% for white light, k <1.1% for red light, k <2.2% for green light and k<4.7% for blue light. By using those quasi-monochromatic light sources, it is shown that the nonlinearity depends on the wavelength. It is important to be wariness about the spectral nonlinearity and related uncertainty evaluation when the narrow-band light source is tested.

Simultaneous blood flow and oxygenation measurements using an off-the-shelf spectrometer

Blood oxygenation and flow are both important parameters in a living body. In this Letter, we introduce a simple configuration to simultaneously measure blood flow and oxygenation using an off-the-shelf spectrometer. With the integration time of 10 ms, flow phantom measurements, a liquid blood phantom test, and an arm cuff occlusion paradigm were performed to validate the feasibility of the system. We expect this proof-of-concept study would be widely adopted by other researchers for acquiring both blood flow and oxygenation changes due to its straightforward configuration and the possibility of multimodal measurement.

机载米波雷达基于镜面反射多径模型的目标高度计算和距离计算方法研究

本文建立了基于球面的电磁波镜面反射模型,推导了由多径距离计算目标海拔高度的公式和由目标海拔高度计算多径距离的公式,考虑到公式无解析解,依据单调性提出了近似解的二分算法,与迭代算法相比,该算法能够完全收敛于真实解。此外,给出了海面多径产生的条件、多径点的信息特征及多径测高的边界。同一目标的多径点与真实点具有相同的多普勒速度、方位角度,且多径距离与直达波距离满足相应的距离差值,依据该特征,对检测的点迹进行配对,并区分真实点和多径点,可以有效解决多径引起的双航迹和短航迹问题。以外,由多径距离还可以获得目标的海拔高度。最后,基于仿真数据,给出了典型参数下的多径测高精度。

一种定向非采集式气载放射性核素在线测量系统的研制

无论是发生核爆、核事故或核设施正常运行期间,都会向大气中排放放射性核素。为了更加及时、准确、有效地评价气载放射性,根据建立的各核素的照射量率与其活度浓度的数理模型,结合地面伽马射线屏蔽装置,研制了定向非采集式气载放射性核素在线测量系统,并计算了气载放射性核素40 K的活度浓度。结果表明研制的定向非采集式气载放射性核素在线测量系统能够精确测量大气的放射性核素的活度浓度,并具有方便快捷、测量范围大、响应时间低、能实现在线测量等优点。

机载激光雷达测量技术在冰川科学观测中的应用研究

冰川作为“固态水库”其融水对我国西北干旱地区区域水资源利用和生态系统可持续发展都具有重要意义,开展冰川科学研究并努力探索冰川研究新技术、新方法至关重要。本文基于机载激光雷达测量技术在冰川科学观测中的应用研究,从航空测量经验、冰川试验区域气象条件及航飞设备三方面开展冰川航测可行性分析及技术方法论证。结果表明,冰川激光雷达数据平面及高程误差绝对值均以≤10 cm为主,占比分别为86.6%(X方向)、86.5%(Y方向)、66.6%(XY方向)、90.0%(Z方向),误差值满足冰川观测要求。此次冰川试验验证了机载激光雷达测量技术在冰川科学观测中的可行性,实现了高海拔、高落差、极端天气地区航空测量技术突破,为促进我国冰川科学研究发展增添新动力。

麻家边水库库容测量与变化分析

以麻家边水库为例,根据中小型水库库容测量的工作内容,探讨无人机载激光雷达测量、无人船自动测量、等高线法和不规则三角网法等先进方法在水库库容测量中的应用,并通过实地调查和对比不同时间的卫星影像资料合理解释水库库容变化,可为类似项目提供有益参考。

基于距离修正的小目标中波红外光谱辐射测温方法

对高速运动的远距离空间目标而言,温度是表征其工作状态与性能的重要参数之一。准确获取目标的温度对判别其运动状态和预测其态势发展等具有重要的参考价值。目前常用的面目标或点目标的处理方法,在小目标的辐射特性测量中将不再适用,而光谱探测增加了目标在波长维度的可分辨信息,可以准确获取目标能量随波长的分布情况,为目标温度的反演提供了可能,极具应用潜力。无狭缝光谱仪可以降低对空间目标的跟踪和稳定精度的要求,具有结构简单、帧频高和响应速度快等特点,在天文观测和航天器观测等方面具有较高的应用价值。对目标红外辐射特性测量的光谱定标模型进行了分析,确定了红外探测器像元线性响应模型中的主要参数。为了减小成像距离对测温精度的影响,提出了一种基于距离修正的目标温度反演模型,提高了测温精度,符合实际工程实践应用中的精度需求,对红外辐射光谱测温具有一定的指导意义。