The determination of the effective minimum detectable activity （MDA） of radionuclides by a detection system plays an im- portant role in environmental radiation monitoring. In this study, the responses of an NaI（TI...The determination of the effective minimum detectable activity （MDA） of radionuclides by a detection system plays an im- portant role in environmental radiation monitoring. In this study, the responses of an NaI（TI） airborne γ ray spectrometry （AGRS） system to different radionuclides （137Cs and 131I） were investigated using the Monte Carlo technique. The MDA values were determined under different conditions according to the counting spectra obtained from the Monte Carlo simulation. The equivalent mass thickness method was applied to the Monte Carlo modeling for monitoring ground radiation to reduce sta- tistical uncertainty. The secondary source method was used to monitor both air and ground radiation. A quadratic relationship was found between the MDA and activity concentration. An exponential relationship was found between the MDA and altitude The MDA of a specific radionuclide from external detectors was found to be superior to that obtained from internal detectors under the same conditions. The MDA values in an NaI（Tl） AGRS system under different conditions can be estimated based on the results of this study.展开更多
In this study,the theory of minimum detectable activity concentration(MDAC)for airborne gamma-ray spectrometry(AGS)was derived,and the relationship between the MDAC and the intrinsic effi-ciency of a scintillation cou...In this study,the theory of minimum detectable activity concentration(MDAC)for airborne gamma-ray spectrometry(AGS)was derived,and the relationship between the MDAC and the intrinsic effi-ciency of a scintillation counter,volume,and energy res-olution of scintillation crystals,and flight altitude of an aircraft was investigated.To verify this theory,experi-mental devices based on NaI and CeBr 3 scintillation counters were prepared,and the potassium,uranium,and thorium contents in calibration pads obtained via the stripping ratio method and theory were compared.The MDACs of AGS under different conditions were calculated and analyzed using the proposed theory and the Monte Carlo method.The relative errors found via a comparison of the experimental and theoretical results were less than 4%.The theory of MDAC can guide the work of AGS in probing areas with low radioactivity.展开更多
The mass concentrations of eighteen airborne samples collected from Lahore (Pakistan) are found in the range from 595 to 3027μg/m3with average value of 1130 μg/m3. Most of these values are normal and as reported in ...The mass concentrations of eighteen airborne samples collected from Lahore (Pakistan) are found in the range from 595 to 3027μg/m3with average value of 1130 μg/m3. Most of these values are normal and as reported in the literature for other parts of the world. The major phases identified in the samples by the X-ray powder diffraction technique are Albite (Anorthite), Calcite, Clinochlore (Chlorite), Gypsum, Illite, Quartz and Talc which have also been reported by other researchers to be present in the airborne particulates of other world locations. The average weight percentages of the phases (minerals) in the samples are respectively 15.5, 10.6, 23.7, 2.4, 19.1, 20.2, and 8.5. Some of the elements (e.g., boron, cadmium, lithium, manganese, titanium, and zinc) quantified in two samples determined using a spark-source mass spectrometer appear also to derive their origin from man-made activities. However no compound synthesized in the atmosphere is detected by the X-ray diffraction method.展开更多
因人工放射性核素的航空γ能谱仪实物刻度模型匮乏,导致难以依据航空γ能谱准确反演地面人工放射性核素的含量。本文基于窄束γ射线指数衰变规律与微积分的思想建立了任意形状的γ辐射源上空航空γ能谱仪无源效率刻度的数值计算模型。...因人工放射性核素的航空γ能谱仪实物刻度模型匮乏,导致难以依据航空γ能谱准确反演地面人工放射性核素的含量。本文基于窄束γ射线指数衰变规律与微积分的思想建立了任意形状的γ辐射源上空航空γ能谱仪无源效率刻度的数值计算模型。通过低空探测实验、高空变化趋势分析、5-100 m高空探测实验证明该模型适用于任意位置点源航空γ能谱仪全能峰探测效率数值计算。同时计算发现在低空探测时不同γ辐射的面源与体源的航空γ能谱仪全能峰探测效率与MCNP5模拟值的相对偏差在±1.5%以内,且含1 460.83 ke V或2 614.533 ke Vγ射线的无限大体源90-150 m探测高空计算结果与石家庄动态带上的实验值相对偏差为8.33%-15.82%。上述实验充分证实该无源效率刻度计算模型适用于航空γ能谱探测实践,为利用航空γ能谱仪寻找丢失放射源及核事故应急监测提供技术支持。展开更多
基金supported by the National Defense Basic Scientific Research Project(Grant No.B2520133077)National High-tech R&D Program of China("863"Program)(Grant No.2012AA061803)
文摘The determination of the effective minimum detectable activity （MDA） of radionuclides by a detection system plays an im- portant role in environmental radiation monitoring. In this study, the responses of an NaI（TI） airborne γ ray spectrometry （AGRS） system to different radionuclides （137Cs and 131I） were investigated using the Monte Carlo technique. The MDA values were determined under different conditions according to the counting spectra obtained from the Monte Carlo simulation. The equivalent mass thickness method was applied to the Monte Carlo modeling for monitoring ground radiation to reduce sta- tistical uncertainty. The secondary source method was used to monitor both air and ground radiation. A quadratic relationship was found between the MDA and activity concentration. An exponential relationship was found between the MDA and altitude The MDA of a specific radionuclide from external detectors was found to be superior to that obtained from internal detectors under the same conditions. The MDA values in an NaI（Tl） AGRS system under different conditions can be estimated based on the results of this study.
基金This work was supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2020JDRC0108)the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.41774147 and 41774190).
文摘In this study,the theory of minimum detectable activity concentration(MDAC)for airborne gamma-ray spectrometry(AGS)was derived,and the relationship between the MDAC and the intrinsic effi-ciency of a scintillation counter,volume,and energy res-olution of scintillation crystals,and flight altitude of an aircraft was investigated.To verify this theory,experi-mental devices based on NaI and CeBr 3 scintillation counters were prepared,and the potassium,uranium,and thorium contents in calibration pads obtained via the stripping ratio method and theory were compared.The MDACs of AGS under different conditions were calculated and analyzed using the proposed theory and the Monte Carlo method.The relative errors found via a comparison of the experimental and theoretical results were less than 4%.The theory of MDAC can guide the work of AGS in probing areas with low radioactivity.
文摘The mass concentrations of eighteen airborne samples collected from Lahore (Pakistan) are found in the range from 595 to 3027μg/m3with average value of 1130 μg/m3. Most of these values are normal and as reported in the literature for other parts of the world. The major phases identified in the samples by the X-ray powder diffraction technique are Albite (Anorthite), Calcite, Clinochlore (Chlorite), Gypsum, Illite, Quartz and Talc which have also been reported by other researchers to be present in the airborne particulates of other world locations. The average weight percentages of the phases (minerals) in the samples are respectively 15.5, 10.6, 23.7, 2.4, 19.1, 20.2, and 8.5. Some of the elements (e.g., boron, cadmium, lithium, manganese, titanium, and zinc) quantified in two samples determined using a spark-source mass spectrometer appear also to derive their origin from man-made activities. However no compound synthesized in the atmosphere is detected by the X-ray diffraction method.
文摘因人工放射性核素的航空γ能谱仪实物刻度模型匮乏,导致难以依据航空γ能谱准确反演地面人工放射性核素的含量。本文基于窄束γ射线指数衰变规律与微积分的思想建立了任意形状的γ辐射源上空航空γ能谱仪无源效率刻度的数值计算模型。通过低空探测实验、高空变化趋势分析、5-100 m高空探测实验证明该模型适用于任意位置点源航空γ能谱仪全能峰探测效率数值计算。同时计算发现在低空探测时不同γ辐射的面源与体源的航空γ能谱仪全能峰探测效率与MCNP5模拟值的相对偏差在±1.5%以内,且含1 460.83 ke V或2 614.533 ke Vγ射线的无限大体源90-150 m探测高空计算结果与石家庄动态带上的实验值相对偏差为8.33%-15.82%。上述实验充分证实该无源效率刻度计算模型适用于航空γ能谱探测实践,为利用航空γ能谱仪寻找丢失放射源及核事故应急监测提供技术支持。
