Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) has been proven to be an attractive technique for in situ oceanic applications.However,when applying LIBS into deep-sea,the pressure effect caused by different ocean depths i...Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) has been proven to be an attractive technique for in situ oceanic applications.However,when applying LIBS into deep-sea,the pressure effect caused by different ocean depths is inescapable and could have great influence on the LIBS signals.In this work,spectral characteristics of underwater LIBS were investigated as a function of pressure in the range of 0.1-45 MPa.A high-pressure chamber built in the laboratory was used to simulate the high-pressure deep-sea environment.Optimal laser energy and detection delay were first determined under different pressure conditions and were shown to be independent of the external pressure.The increase in pressure has a significant impact both on the peak intensity and line broadening of the observed spectra.The peak intensity of Na,Li and K lines increases with the increasing pressure until a maximum intensity is reached at 12.5 MPa.Above this value,the peak intensity decreases gradually up to 45 MPa.For Ca line,the maximum intensity was observed at 30 MPa.The line broadening keeps constant at low pressures from 0.1-10 MPa,while it increases linearly at higher pressures,indicating a higher electron density caused by the compression effect of the high external pressure.We also compared the spectral data obtained from the high-pressure chamber and from the field sea trials,and the good consistency between the laboratory data and sea-trial data suggested the key role of pressure effect on underwater LIBS signals for practical deep-sea applications.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61975190 and 61705212)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0302101)+1 种基金the Provincial Key Research and Development Program of Shandong,China(Grant No.2019GHZ010)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.ZR2017BF020)。
文摘Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) has been proven to be an attractive technique for in situ oceanic applications.However,when applying LIBS into deep-sea,the pressure effect caused by different ocean depths is inescapable and could have great influence on the LIBS signals.In this work,spectral characteristics of underwater LIBS were investigated as a function of pressure in the range of 0.1-45 MPa.A high-pressure chamber built in the laboratory was used to simulate the high-pressure deep-sea environment.Optimal laser energy and detection delay were first determined under different pressure conditions and were shown to be independent of the external pressure.The increase in pressure has a significant impact both on the peak intensity and line broadening of the observed spectra.The peak intensity of Na,Li and K lines increases with the increasing pressure until a maximum intensity is reached at 12.5 MPa.Above this value,the peak intensity decreases gradually up to 45 MPa.For Ca line,the maximum intensity was observed at 30 MPa.The line broadening keeps constant at low pressures from 0.1-10 MPa,while it increases linearly at higher pressures,indicating a higher electron density caused by the compression effect of the high external pressure.We also compared the spectral data obtained from the high-pressure chamber and from the field sea trials,and the good consistency between the laboratory data and sea-trial data suggested the key role of pressure effect on underwater LIBS signals for practical deep-sea applications.
文摘本研究在考虑非饱和土内的水、气渗透系数随饱和度变化的基础上通过Geostudio Air/w数值模拟,分析了开舱气压、泥膜厚度和泥膜干裂等因素对泥膜的闭气能力的影响。结果表明:1)当开舱气压小于泥膜进气值与地下水压之和时,泥膜具有良好的闭气能力;当开舱气压大于泥膜进气值与地下水压之和时,压缩空气将进入泥膜,排出孔隙内水分,泥膜内部逐步形成贯穿孔隙,闭气能力下降,开始漏气。2)增加泥膜厚度能大幅度降低开挖面空气逃逸流量,显著提高泥膜的闭气能力。3)泥膜干裂后,开舱气压产生小波动时(小于5 kPa),空气逃逸量可能突增几个数量级,泥膜丧失闭气能力。基于以上认识,成都轨道交通17号线一期TJ07标的带压开舱工程中设置的开舱压力为300 k Pa,成功地在砂卵石地层完成了带压换刀作业。
