不同形貌Al-Fe金属的块体压制成形模拟研究

文章以含40%Al的Al-Fe复合金属为研究对象,对颗粒状和屑状40Al-Fe复合金属分别进行压制预变形,并对屑状40Al-Fe复合金属预制坯进行了二次热压缩变形,重点研究压制预变形及二次热压缩对Al-Fe复合金属成形性和界面影响。结果表明:压力为16 MPa时,颗粒状40Al-Fe复合金属预制坯(密度为4.54 g/cm^(3))成形性良好且形成致密界面;压力为16 MPa时,屑状40Al-Fe复合金属预制坯(密度为3.50 g/cm3)可以成形但界面存在孔洞,Al屑主要为“片层状”“狗牙状”“圆圈状”“波浪状”,其经二次热压缩变形,“圆圈状”Al屑连成一个整体,“狗牙状”与“波浪状”Al屑均演变为“片层状”,而Fe屑仍为“片层状”“块状”,未发生明显变形。变形温度300℃、变形速率0.5 s^(-1)、变形程度0.1是目前生产工艺最佳参数,此时屑状40Al-Fe复合金属成形性最佳且界面结合良好(密度为4.66 g/cm^(3))。

成形路径对Al/CFRTP/Al层板冲压成形特性的影响

为提升纤维金属层板成形质量和成形精度,研究了不同成形路径对Al/CFRTP/Al层板冲压成形特性的影响规律。通过回弹角度测量、微观形貌分析以及三点弯曲试验,研究了制板成形、成形固化和混合共冲3种不同成形路径对纤维金属层板U形件成形特性的影响。结果表明,混合共冲制备的试件回弹角度为1.34°,中间层内外侧0°方向碳纤维发生拉伸断裂,并形成了贫富树脂区和厚度不均匀等宏观缺陷。成形固化制备的试件回弹角度为2.84°,中间层内外侧0°方向碳纤维均发生拉伸断裂,厚度分布均匀,无宏观缺陷,综合性能较好,成形质量较为可控。

激光熔化沉积Al-12Si合金成形工艺研究

为了满足结构件的一体式、轻量级以及专属定制的要求,笔者对激光熔化沉积(laser metal deposition,LMD)成形Al-12Si合金激光工艺参数进行了摸索,优化激光成形参数;在此基础之上,开展激光熔化沉积成形实验,通过金相分析、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)等表征手段对激光熔化沉积制备Al-12Si合金显微组织进行表征。结果表明:在激光功率700~800 W、激光扫描速度为300~360 mm/min的工艺参数下能够获得高度致密的Al-12Si合金。激光熔化沉积Al-12Si合金成形工艺的研究旨在克服传统制造方式的局限性,通过科学的方法优化工艺参数并改善成形质量,最终获得高质量且性能优异的Al-12Si合金部件。

Ni 3Al/NiAl/Ni复合板组织性能及其薄壁构件反应成形一体化工艺研究

针对Ni-Al金属间化合物材料成形困难问题,对Ni 3Al/NiAl/Ni复合板进行了组织性能与反应成形一体化工艺的研究。以Ni/Al箔材为试验材料,对1200℃,热压时长0.5、1、2和4 h条件下热压复合法得到的Ni 3Al/NiAl/Ni板进行微观组织表征与室温及高温(1000℃)条件下的单向拉伸试验。根据试验结果确定了在1200℃、1 h条件下热压反应的复合板具有较佳综合力学性能,室温条件下抗拉强度与伸长率分别为527.6 MPa和4.4%,1000℃高温条件下抗拉强度与伸长率分别为165.7 MPa、21.2%。进一步在该参数下进行反应成形一体化工艺的研究,制备得到了具有良好表面质量与尺寸精度的薄壁锥筒壳件。在薄壁锥筒壳件上取样进行微观组织与力学性能表征,发现其组织和力学性能与相同工艺条件下制备的复合板相近。

Al含量对含铝奥氏体不锈钢在高温超临界二氧化碳中均匀腐蚀性能的影响研究

为进一步提升奥氏体不锈钢作为超临界二氧化碳核反应堆候选包壳材料的耐腐蚀性能,对比研究了3种不同Al含量的含铝奥氏体不锈钢及不含Al基材在650℃/20 MPa的超临界二氧化碳环境中的均匀腐蚀行为。结果表明,材料的腐蚀增重随Al含量增加而降低,不同Al含量材料的腐蚀增重均近似服从抛物线生长规律。Al含量低于1.5wt%时,材料表面生成双层富Fe氧化膜,保护性差,渗碳层厚度可达约12μm;Al含量高于2.5wt%时,材料表面生成保护性氧化膜,外层富Cr、内层富Al,氧化膜及基体中仍存在渗碳行为,渗碳层厚度减小至约6μm。造成差异的原因是较高Al含量能有效促进保护性富Al氧化膜的形成,抑制Fe的向外扩散和C的向内扩散,进而提升材料的耐氧化和渗碳属性。

Study on Key Joining Technology and Test Method of Steel/Al Hybrid Structure Body-in-White

Green and low carbon promote the application and development of light-weight materials in body-in-white. Large-scale die-casting Al alloy (DCAA) and high-strength thermo-formed steel sheet (TFSS) have put forward higher requirements for the application of joining technology of high-strength steel/Al dissimilar materials. Taking the new die-casting Al alloy body as an example, this paper systematically studies the progress of the latest joining methods of steel/Al dissimilar material with combination of two-layer plate and three-layer plate. By analyzing the joining technologies such as FSPR, RES, FDS and SPR, the technology and process characteristics of steel/Al dissimilar material joining are studied, and the joining technical feasibility and realization means of different material combination of the body are analyzed. The conditions of material combination, material thickness, material strength, flange height, preformed holes and joint spacing for achieving high-quality joining are given. The FSPR joining technology is developed and tested in order to meet with the joining of parts with DCAA and TFSS, especially for the joining of three-layer plates with them. It finds the method and technical basis for the realization of high quality joining of dissimilar materials, provides the early conditions for the application of large DCAA and TFSS parts in body-in-white, and meets the design requirements of new energy body. .

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系铝合金增材制造研究进展

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系(即7xxx系)铝合金是军民两用最为广泛的一类超高强度铝合金,Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系铝合金增材制造技术具有复杂零件精密成形与轻量化设计等显著优势,市场需求广泛。本文综述了Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系合金增材制造技术的研究进展,总结了国内外增材制造7075铝合金目前存在的问题和改进措施。对7075铝合金增材制造技术未来的研究热点和发展方向进行了展望。

喷射成形(SiC_(p)+β-LiAlSiO_(4))/6092Al基复合材料的界面结构及性能

采用喷射成形技术和模锻工艺成功制备45%SiC_(p)/6092Al、5%β-LiAlSiO_(4)/6092Al和(45%SiC_(p)+5%β-LiAlSiO_(4)(Euc))/6092Al(质量分数)基复合材料。利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对复合材料试样的显微组织、界面结构及物相成分进行分析,采用热膨胀仪和电子万能试验机分别对复合材料试样的热膨胀性能、弯曲强度和模量进行测试。结果表明:(45%SiC_(p)+5%Euc)/6092Al基复合材料中碳化硅颗粒和Euc颗粒在6092Al基体中分布均匀,并与铝基体形成强力结合界面,SiC_(p)/Al和Euc/Al界面平直清晰,没有发现界面反应。复合材料试样经固溶人工时效后,在303~473 K温度范围内,(45%SiC_(p)+5%Euc)/6092Al基复合材料试样的线膨胀系数为14.68×10^(−6)K^(-1),弯曲强度和模量分别达到589 MPa和165 GPa。

Production of high strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys by spray forming process

High strength Al Zn Mg Cu alloys were produced by spray forming process, and compacted by hot extrusion. The results show that the as deposited billets have fine grained microstructure and low porosity. After heat treatment, mechanical properties increase greatly: tensile strength up to 754 MPa, yield strength up to 722 MPa, fracture elongation up to 8%, and elastic modulus up to 72 GPa, respectively. [

Microstructure evolution and phase transformation of traditional cast and spray-formed hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloys induced by heat treatment

Microstructural evolution and phase transformation induced by different heat treatments of the hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloy, Al-25Si-5Fe-3Cu （wt%, signed as 3C）, fabricated by traditional cast （TC） and spray forming （SF） processes, were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The results show that A17Cu2Fe phase can be formed and transformed in TC- and SF-3C alloys between 802-813 K and 800-815 K, respectively. The transformation from β-Al5FeSi to δ-Al4FeSi2 phase via peritectic reaction can occur at around 858-870 K and 876-890 K in TC- and SF-3C alloys, respectively. The starting precipitation temperature of δ-Al4FeSi2 phase as the dominant Fe-bearing phase in the TC-3C alloy is 997 K and the exothermic peak about the peritectic transformation of δ-Al4FeSi2→β-Al5FeSi is not detected in the present DSC experiments. Also, the mechanisms of the microstructural evolution and phase transformation are discussed.

Continuously extending extrusion forming of semisolid A2017 alloy by SRS process

A self-made single-roll stirring (SRS) machine was used to manufacturesemisolid A2017 alloy, the mechanism of A2017 alloy formation was investigated. It was shown thatA2017 dendrites growing on the rough roll surface are crashed into fragments by the roll, which moveand grow freely then contribute the formation of finer spherical microstruc-ture. When casting at710-750℃, fine and homogeneous spherical or elliptical grains of A2017 alloy were obtained.Extending forming mould has been designed and was installed at the exit of roll-shoe gap. A2017alloy was formed by extending continuously at the semisolid state on SRS machine. Throughcontrolling pouring temperature, semisolid forming and extending extrusion was combined organically.A2017 product with fine surface and rectangular transection of 14 mm x 25 mm was obtained. Bycontrast to the national standard, the fracture strength and elongation of A2017 products producedfrom extending semisolid extrusion have been improved with an increase of 100 MPa and 29%,respectively.

半固态连续成形Al-Fe合金的工艺参数优化及组织性能分析

针对Al-Fe合金半固态连续成形工艺中挤压轮转速、挤压温度、Fe元素质量分数等参数进行优化。结果表明:当挤压轮转速为10 r·min-1、挤压温度为690℃、合金中Fe元素质量分数为1.00%时,可获得较好的Al-Fe合金线材质量。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、扫描电镜能谱分析(EDS)及透射电镜(TEM)对半固态连续成形最优工艺条件下制备的Al-Fe合金进行微观组织分析,确定了第二相成分,并分析了半固态连续成形工艺对含铁相的细化作用。经拉伸力学性能测试,Al-Fe合金线材屈服强度为85 MPa、抗拉强度为142 MPa、延伸率为35%;SEM测试表明拉伸断口形貌为韧性断裂。

Structural evolution of spray-formed Al-70wt.%Si alloys during iso-thermal holding in the semi-solid state

The grain growth behavior of spray-formed Al-70wt.%Si alloys was studied in the semi-solid state. The specimens were isothermally heat-treated at various temperatures between the solidus and liquidus of Al-Si alloys and then quenched in water. The microstructure of reheated specimens was characterized using optical and scanning electron microscopies. The isothermal holding experiment was carried out to investigate grain growth behavior as a function of holding time and temperature in the semi-solid state. The coarsening mechanism and the effect of porosity on microstructure were also studied.

Parametric analysis of warm forming of aluminum blanks with FEA and DOE

The effect of temperature distribution on warm forming performance was investigated for 5083-O (Al-Mg) sheet metal blanks. Combined isothermal/non-isothermal FEA with design of experiments tools were used to predict appropriate warm forming temperature conditions for deep drawing and two-dimensional stamping cases. In the investigated temperature range of 25?250 ℃, the formability of Al-5083 alloy is found to be greatly dependent on the temperature distribution of the die and punch. To achieve increased degrees of forming, different temperature levels should be assigned to the corner and body of the die and punch. And the optimal temperature distributions for warm deep drawing and warm two-dimensional stamping are not identical.

液锻压力对亚共晶Al-Si合金吊架的组织与性能影响

研究了液态模锻工艺下,亚共晶Al-Si合金吊架在不同液锻压力下的成形质量、力学性能及不同位置处的微观组织。结果表明,随着压力的增加,铸件的成形质量逐渐提高,液锻压力为128 MPa时,抗拉强度为250.7 MPa,断后伸长率为9.7%,力学性能最好,较0 MPa下的抗拉强化及断后伸长率分别增加了14.5%和547%,之后再增加压力,对吊架的力学性能无明显强化效果。此外,随着压力的增加,晶粒得到细化,Si相逐渐球化,且高压力下团聚现象明显,二次枝晶臂间距(SDAS)先减小后基本保持不变,在154 MPa时取得最小值16.3μm,SDAS仅为0 MPa时的54.2%,比50 MPa液锻压力下SDAS减少24.5%,共晶团尺寸则是先减小再增大,共晶团尺寸为308μm时对基体产生割裂作用,从而影响力学性能。

Property measurements on spray formed Si-Al alloys

A novel Si-Al alloy was prepared by spray forming process for electronic packaging. Property measurements on spray-formed Si-Al alloys after hot pressing were carried out. The results indicate that the alloys (Si-(30%-40%)Al) have advantageous physical and mechanical characteristics, including low coefficient of thermal expansion (6.9×10-6-8.7×10-6/K), high thermal conductivity (118-127 W/(m·K)), low density (2.421×103-2.465×103 kg/m3), high ultimate flexural strength (180-220 MPa) and Brinell hardness (162261). The alloys are easy to machine to tight tolerances using standard machine tools and they can be electroplated with gold finishes and soldered with Sn-Pb alloy without any difficulty.

HEXAHEDRAL ELEMENT REFINEMENT FOR THE PREDICTION- CORRECTION ALE FEM SIMULATION OF 3D BULKINGFORMING PROCESS

Based on the characteristics of 3D bulk forming process, the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulation-based FEM is studied, and a prediction-correction ALE-based FEM is proposed which integrates the advantages of precisely predicting the boundary configuration of the deformed material, and of efficiently avoiding hexahedron remeshing processes. The key idea of the prediction-correction ALE FEM is elaborated in detail. Accordingly, the strategy of mesh quality control, one of the key enabling techniques for the 3D bulk forming process numerical simulation by the prediction-correction ALE FEM is carefully investigated, and the algorithm for hexahedral element refinement is formulated based on the mesh distortion energy.

Effect of additional elements on aging behavior of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys by spray forming

The microstructure and aging behavior of spray formed Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys were investigated as a function of alloying element addition. It is revealed that the grains of the as-deposited alloys are refined with increasing Zn element, while the function of Ni addition is to reduce grain boundary particles and eutectic in the as-extruded condition. Particles containing Mg and Zn are found to increase with Zn content increasing, while the role of Ni is to reduce both the number and size of these particles. After uniform heat treatment, parts of educts in grain boundary have melted and the grains have not grown up obviously. After heat extrusion, the microstructure becomes denser and there are many precipitated phases in cross-section while there are second phase arranging along extruded direction in longitudinal section. During artificial aging, the increment of Zn content produces not much effect on peak hardness, in addition to an accelerated overage softening. An addition of about 0.13%Ni, however, gives rise to not only improved peak hardness but also an improvement of property stability at the ageing temperature.

The Designation Method of Bend Forming Dies for Aluminum Tube of PE-Al-PE Composite Pipe

The PE-Al-PE composite pipe is a multiplayer pipe t hat is composed of PE (polyethylene) and Aluminum. Al is inlayed the inner PE la yer and the outer PE layer. In the producing technological process of this kind of pipe the bend forming of Al belt to tube is very important. It is the bend fo rming dies that are used in the process of producing PE-Al-PE pipe that is stu died in this article. To make a elaborate division, these dies can be classified as bending dies and forming dies here. In this paper, the designation of bendin g dies and forming dies that are used in producing technological process of PE- Al-PE pipe is put forward. The process starts from a coil of Al belt, in the ac tion of pulling force, passes between several bending dies to change its shape. The first step is to change Al belt to U shape. A couple of rolling wheels can b e used to shape the Al belt. The Al belt goes between the two rolling wheels, dr ives the wheels, at the same time is formed as the shape of the rolling wheels. Considering of the factors such as spring of the bend Al belt, frictional force between Al and the die, bending force needed to bend Al belt, etc., it must be s haped gradually into U by several dies. The designation of these dies has been g iven in this paper. The next step is to forming the U shape into a circle. The U shape Al belt goes through a round that is formed with a four-roller die, and then is shaped to a circle. Because the latter procedure requires the Al circle has a laminated area to be ultrasonic welded, this die must be designed to let t he two edges of the circle belt to be piled up to a definite width. But except f or the laminated area the other of the circle should be as round as possible. So the four rollers are not the same. The calculation and designation of the rolle rs of this four-roller die has also been given. The designation of the roller w hich is supposed to leave a gap to let the two edges of the circle belt to be pi led up is to make a fine rotation of an original circle. Then calculates the cen ter of the rotated arc and defines the arc completely. The designation method of the other rollers has also been given in this paper.

Effect of Retrogression and Reaging on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Spray Formed Al Alloy

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance of a spray formed Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy underwent retrogression and reaging (RRA) was studied by slow strain rate tests in dry air and 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The results showed that after RRA treatment, interrupted η phases at grain boundaries and slightly wide precipitate free zones could decrease SCC susceptibility of the alloy. Lots of reticular dislocations appeared in deformation process could prevent hydrogen induced cracking, and then SCC. Abundance transgranular dispersive η' phases separated out again promoted tensile strength to 759.4 MPa. The fracture ways of the specimens were dimple fracture in dry air and sub-cleavage fracture in 3.5% NaCl solution.