Carbon isotopic study of individual alcohol compounds in modern sediments from Nansha Islands sea area, China

Carbon isotopic compositions of individual n-alkanols and sterols in modern sediments from the Nan-sha Islands sea area are measured after derivatization to trimethylsilyl ethers by the new isotopic analytical technique of GC/C/IRMS. The effects of the three added silyl carbon atoms in every alcohol molecule on these compound isotopic compositions and the characteristics of their carbon isotopic compositions are studied. Then their biological sources are discussed using their carbon isotopic compositions.

Prediction of Infinite Dilution Activity Coefficients of Alcohol and Ether Organic Compounds in Water

Based on QSPR of alcohol and ether organic compounds in water,geometrical optimization and electrostatic potential calculations were performed at the HF/6-31G＊ level for 73 alcohol and ether organic compounds.Linear relationships between infinite dilution activity coef-ficient（lnγ∞） of alcohols and ethers in water and theoretical descriptors of the molecular structure were established by multiple regression method.The result shows that the parameters derived from molecular electrostatic potential together with molecular surface area can be preferably used to express the quantitative structure-lnγ∞ relationship of alcohols and ethers in water.This reveals that this model has good predictive capabilities（RCV=0.969）.The molecular electrostatic potential has also been proved to have the general applicability in QSPR model of alcohol and ether organic compounds about γ∞ in water.The QSPR model established may provide a new powerful method for predicting γ∞ of organic compounds in aqueous systems.

Natural Compound Formula RM88 Significantly Reduces Blood Alcohol Concentration in Humans

There is extensive worldwide use for the social consumption of alcohol. Abuse of alcohol causes substantial personal, psychological and medical health issues. In addition, there are significant national economic costs from lost productivity. However, there are limited pharmaceutical drugs for the treatment of alcohol overuse. Historically, many cultures have used herbs and other natural compounds to reduce problematic alcohol induced behaviour but the evidence is anecdotal. This study investigated if a natural compound formula (RM88) that was developed could reduce blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in a controlled case series. Thirteen subjects (5 males, 8 females, age range 18 to 85 years) completed 16 paired sessions of alcohol only versus RM88 with alcohol. Subjects consumed one to three standard drinks of beer, wine or spirits (14.7 to 29.4 gm alcohol). Measurements were made by a fuel cell breathalyzer for a period of 90 minutes. Summated BAC showed a reduction in 94% (15/16) of paired test sessions (BAC reduction range 23% - 79%, mean 50.9% ± 16.5%, p = 0.0005). Data normalized to 20 gm alcohol (two standard drinks) showed a significance of p = 0.00026. One subject on prednisone and hydroxychloroquine drugs had increased BAC from RM88. The average reductions of BAC for the beverages were spirits 34% (n = 3), beer 36% (n = 3), and wine 52% (n = 10). RM88 showed that this combination of natural compounds was very effective in reducing maximal peak concentrations of alcohol.

Enhanced Sporicidal Activity of Alcohol and Epigallocatechin-Palmitate-Based Hand Hygiene Formulations Comprised of Plant-Derived Compounds

Pathogenic spore-forming bacteria pose high risks to healthcare settings, as well as in the food and beverage industries. We reported recently that novel alcohol-based formulations containing plant-derived compounds, including epigallocatechin-3-gallate-palmitate (EGCG-P), a green tea polyphenol ester, provide > 99.99% inactivation of bacterial spores within 60 sec. Based on recently published data from our group and others, we hypothesize that a combination of EGCG-P and alcohol formulated with other plant-derived ingredients would achieve high sporicidal efficacy against a wide spectrum of bacterial spores and can provide novel hand hygiene methods against bacterial spores without toxicity. The objectives of the current study were to optimize two novel formulations with combinations of glycerol, citric acid, and EGCG-P to increase sporicidal activity and explore the rapid inactivation mechanisms and suitability for sporicidal products with broad-spectrum activities against aerobic and anaerobic bacterial spores. Methods included suspension testing of two formulations against spores from Bacillus cereus and Clostridium sporogenes, quantification of spore germination, and scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrated that these novel formulations were able to reduce spore germination by >99.999% after 30 sec exposure in suspension tests, and rapidly caused physical damage to the spores. Additional studies are warranted to determine the suitability of the novel formulations for future hand hygiene use.

ORP阶段性控制提高葡萄酒中链脂肪酸乙酯和高级醇含量研究

氧化还原电位(Oxidation-reduction potential,ORP)反映了发酵系统的氧化还原状态,与酵母代谢以及香气化合物合成密切相关,其水平在各酒精发酵阶段存在差异。为了实现ORP在不同发酵阶段的科学控制,通过气相色谱-质谱(Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)和感官量化分析法在葡萄酒酒精发酵的不同阶段控制不同水平的ORP,观察酵母生长、香气化合物合成以及感官品质的变化。结果表明,在0~48 h阶段ORP的变化对酵母活菌数和香气化合物含量的影响远高于其他阶段。提高此阶段ORP有利于酵母生长和糖消耗,而较低ORP有利于香气化合物合成。与对照相比,0 mV(0~48 h)-自然条件(48~96 h)-自然条件(96 h至发酵结束)处理组可显著提高中链脂肪酸乙酯中的己酸乙酯、癸酸乙酯含量;0 mV-0 mV-60 mV处理组可显著提高乙酸酯含量;60 mV-0 mV-60 mV处理组可显著提高高级醇含量。0 mV-自然条件-自然条件处理增强了赤霞珠葡萄酒中红色水果香气和爱格丽葡萄酒花果类香气,并减弱了爱格丽葡萄酒的动物类气味。ORP的阶段性控制为葡萄酒发酵过程的精准调控提供了依据,为提高葡萄酒香气化合物含量以改善葡萄酒的香气质量提供了基础。

多阳离子位点季铵盐与AEC复配体系的应用性能研究

将含多阳离子位点双子季铵盐表面活性剂(TC-GS)与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠(AE_(9)C)以不同比例复配,并测试了不同复配比例下混合体系的浸润、去污、乳化、抗静电和活性炭分散性能。结果表明,不同复配比例下的TCGS/AE_(9)C体系都为均一透明溶液,表现出优异的复配稳定性。复配体系对帆布片的浸润能力优于单一表面活性剂,其中α_(TC-GS)为0.4时浸润性能最好。复配体系在乳化液体石蜡的过程中表现出协同增效作用。AE_(9)C溶液对炭黑污布和油脂污布都具有较好的去污能力,但与TC-GS复配后去污性能有所下降,可能由于TC-GS在污布表面的吸附阻碍了污渍的洗涤剥离。TC-GS溶液和复配体系溶液均表现出较好的抗静电性能,能够将聚酯织物表面电阻降低至≤10^(10)Ω。最后,大部分复配比例下的TC-GS/AE_(9)C体系溶液都具有良好的分散活性炭的能力;但当复配比与理论等电摩尔比一致时,复配溶液对活性炭的分散稳定性能较差。

利用GC-IMS分析两个槟榔种质雌花挥发性风味物质差异

为研究不同种质槟榔花的挥发性风味物质差异,采集白花和黄花两个槟榔种质雌花,采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱(GC-IMS)技术构建其挥发性风味物质指纹图谱,比较2种槟榔雌花释放的挥发性风味物质组分及相对含量的差异。结果表明,两个种质雌花共检出挥发性风味物质72种,两者挥发性风味物质含量差异主要集中在醇类和酯类。黄花种质雌花的醇类物质中乙醇、3-羟基-2-丁酮、异丁醇均高于白花种质3倍以上。白花种质雌花的酯类物质相对含量是黄花的2.3倍,以乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸-3-甲基丁酯为主;白花种质雌花的乙酸叶醇酯、乳酸乙酯、乙酸己酯、丁酸甲酯相对含量也高于黄花种质。相似度和主成分分析表明,根据槟榔雌花挥发性风味物质可以区分两种槟榔雌花。

水飞蓟复方制剂对急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用研究

目的探究水飞蓟复方制剂对急性酒精性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用。方法将60只雄性KM小鼠随机分为空白对照组,模型组,水飞蓟复方制剂低、中、高剂量组,共5组,每组12只。空白对照组和模型组灌胃相同体积的无菌水,其余各组灌胃对应的水飞蓟复方制剂溶液,在灌胃的第28 d,除空白对照组外,其余组小鼠每隔12 h灌胃50%酒精,共计3次,诱导小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤模型。采用苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin eosin,HE)染色观察小鼠肝脏病理学变化;测定小鼠肝脏中丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)的含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)、总超氧化物歧化酶(total superoxide dismutase,T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)的活性,测定小鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)和谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)的活性以及白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)的水平。结果HE染色显示水飞蓟复方制剂组中的肝细胞水肿、气球样变现象得到改善;与模型组相比,在水飞蓟复方制剂高剂量组中,GSH含量显著升高(P<0.05),在其中剂量组中,T-SOD、CAT活性显著升高(P<0.05),MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05);利用生化分析仪测定水飞蓟复方制剂的转氨酶活性,发现在其中、高剂量组中的ALT、AST活性显著降低(P<0.01);酶联免疫吸附(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)法测定各组炎症因子水平,显示水飞蓟复方制剂低剂量组中的IL-1β水平和中、低剂量组中TNF-α水平显著降低(P<0.01)。结论水飞蓟复方制剂通过提高肝脏的抗氧化能力、降低血液中转氨酶活性、抑制促炎细胞因子的产生,从而在急性酒精性肝损伤中发挥一定的保护作用,为相关保健食品的研发应用提供一定价值的数据支持。

耐酒精专用胶料的研制

以三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)和异戊橡胶(IR)为主体材料,研究填料体系、硫化体系和生胶体系对硫化胶物理性能、耐酒精性能和安全性能的影响。结果表明:以EPDM(牌号5470C)单用、二氧化硅VN3/925粉并用和采用硫化剂双25硫化体系的硫化胶具有良好的物理性能、耐酒精性能和安全性能,气味可以达到德国食品接触材料法规LFGB的二级指标要求,但胶料的加工性能和硫化胶的气密性较差;EPDM/IR硫化胶具有良好的气密性、物理性能和耐酒精性能,经二次硫化和水煮后不喷霜,气味可以达到LFGB的二级指标要求,安全性能好,综合性能优异。耐酒精专用胶料适合采用EPDM/IR并用。

基于国家中药复方专利探讨酒精性肝病的用药规律

目的基于国家中药复方专利探讨酒精性肝病的用药规律。方法检索中国专利公布公告网1985年9月至2023年7月治疗酒精性肝病的中药复方专利,运用古今医案云平台(V2.3.5)和IBM SPSS Modeler对专利复方进行用药频次统计,药物性味、归经和功效分析,配伍关联规则分析与聚类分析。结果共纳入专利55项,涉及药物270味;用药频次最高的药物是丹参,药性以寒、温为主,药味以苦、甘为主,多归肝、脾、胃、肺经,功效以清热解毒为主。支持度最高药对为柴胡-丹参,支持度最高角药为柴胡+丹参-泽泻;高频药物聚类分析获得3个药物组合。结论中药复方专利治疗酒精性肝病以清热解毒为基本治法,注重寒温并用、从肠治肝。

CuZnAl-LDHs结构调控及其催化合成气制低碳醇研究

为解决Cu基催化剂在合成气制取低碳醇过程中的Cu物种分散度较低等问题,分别采用4种插层方法(共沉淀法、离子交换法、焙烧复原法和返混沉淀法)对[Cu(EDTA)]^(2-)插层ZnAl类水滑石催化剂的结构进行了调控。通过XRD、N_(2)物理吸/脱附、TEM、H_(2)-TPR和XPS等表征方法对催化剂结构进行了分析,并考察了催化剂催化CO加氢制取低碳醇的性能。结果表明,改变插层方法可以有效调控催化剂的Cu分散度、Cu比表面积和氧空位相对含量等,进而影响其催化性能。采用焙烧复原法制备的催化剂Cu分散度最高,Cu比表面积最大,氧空位相对含量最多,且Cu物种与层板上的ZnO相互作用较强,其在反应条件为温度280℃、压力4.0 MPa、反应空速2000 h^(-1)和V(H_(2)):V(CO)=1:1时表现出最优的催化性能,总醇时空收率高达17468.7 mg/(g·h)。

水飞蓟素联合复方蛋氨酸胆碱治疗酒精性肝炎患者疗效及其对血清肝纤维化指标的影响

目的观察应用水飞蓟素联合复方蛋氨酸胆碱治疗酒精性肝炎(AH)患者的临床疗效及其对血清肝纤维化指标的影响。方法2021年1月~2023年1月我院诊治的AH患者101例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组50例和观察组51例,分别给予复方蛋氨酸胆碱或复方蛋氨酸胆碱联合水飞蓟素治疗6个月。采用放射免疫分析法检测血清层粘连蛋白(LN)、透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原N端肽(PCⅢ)和Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C),采用ELISA法检测血清过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)、瘦素(LEP)、脂联素(APN)和白细胞介素-18(IL-18)水平。结果经治疗,观察组血清ALT和AST水平分别为(41.8±4.9)IU/L和(42.5±4.9)IU/L,均显著低于对照组【分别为(75.3±6.8)IU/L和(62.7±5.8)IU/L,P<0.05】;观察组血清HA、PCⅢ和Ⅳ-C水平分别为(103.6±13.5)μg/L、(94.2±9.8)μg/L和(75.2±8.6)μg/L,均显著低于对照组【分别为(146.2±15.3)μg/L、(125.8±13.3)μg/L和(112.3±14.5)μg/L,P<0.05】;观察组血清PPARγ、LEP和IL-18水平分别为(231.7±26.8)pg/mL、(5.4±0.7)μg/L和(92.5±11.7)ng/mL,均显著低于对照组【分别为(285.3±29.4)pg/mL、(8.3±0.9)μg/L和(118.5±12.4)ng/mL,P<0.05】,而血清APN水平为(15.4±1.7)ng/L,显著高于对照组【(11.3±1.9)ng/L,P<0.05】。结论应用水飞蓟素联合复方蛋氨酸胆碱治疗AH患者效果较好,有利于肝功能指标恢复,可能对延缓肝纤维化进展、降低机体炎症反应和调节脂代谢有帮助。

多菌种混合发酵神农架猕猴桃果醋的工艺优化及风味分析

以神农架猕猴桃为原料,通过多菌种混合发酵制备猕猴桃果醋。通过单因素及正交试验优化其酒精、醋酸发酵工艺条件,采用氨基酸分析仪及气质联用(GC-MS)技术分别分析果醋的氨基酸、挥发性风味物质组成。结果表明,最佳酒精发酵工艺为:酵母菌接种量0.9%,乳酸菌接种量7%,初始可溶性固形物19°Bx,发酵温度27℃。在此优化条件下,酒精度为(8.82±0.57)%vol,乳酸含量为(12.15±0.73)mg/mL。最佳醋酸发酵工艺为:发酵时间8 d,醋酸菌接种量12%,初始酒精度7%vol,发酵温度32℃。在此优化条件下,醋酸含量为(4.34±0.17)g/100 mL,感官评分为80分。多菌种混合发酵猕猴桃果醋共检出15种氨基酸,包含7种必需氨基酸;共检出37种挥发性风味物质,包括酯类17种,酸类5种,醛类2种,酮类5种,苯类2种,醇类4种,酚类1种,其他类1种。综上,多菌种混合发酵有利于促进氨基酸和挥发性风味物质的形成,从而提升果醋的品质。

复方鳖甲软肝片对非酒精性脂肪性肝病肝纤维化的疗效评价

目的评价复方鳖甲软肝片(biejia-ruangan compound,BRC)对于非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)肝纤维化的治疗效果。方法回顾性收集并分析2018年1月—2023年2月就诊于解放军总医院第五医学中心的144例NAFLD患者临床资料,根据治疗方案,将采用单纯保肝治疗的76例患者作为对照组,采用保肝治疗联合BRC治疗方案的68例患者作为治疗组,以治疗6个月后肝纤维化改善率为疗效评价标准。肝纤维化改善定义为肝脏纤维化-4指数(fibrosis-4 score,FIB-4)或天冬氨酸氨基转移酶与血小板比值指数(aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index,APRI)或肝硬度检测值(liver stiffness measurement,LSM)下降20%及以上。通过多因素分析评价BRC治疗NAFLD的疗效。结果治疗组的FIB-4、APRI和LSM改善率分别为75.6%、69.9%和88.6%,显著高于对照组的24.4%、30.1%和11.4%(P均<0.05)。治疗组总胆固醇水平较治疗前降低(P<0.05),对照组则无明显变化(P>0.05);2组甘油三酯水平治疗前后均无明显变化(P均>0.05)。Logistic回归结果显示,BRC治疗是NAFLD肝纤维化的保护因素,BRC对NAFLD肝纤维化有治疗效果。结论BRC可显著改善NAFLD患者的肝纤维化程度。

Solvent-free alkylation of dimethyl malonate using benzyl alcohols catalyzed by FeCl_3/SiO_2

Activated methylene compound such as dimethyl malonate reacted readily with benzylic alcohols in the presence of ferric chloride/silica gel mixture （FeCl3/SiO2） under microwave irradiation to produce benzylic derivative of dimethyl malonate in high yields in solvent-free condition. 2009 Mohammad Reza Shushizadeh. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Quantification of Mayor Volatile Compounds from Artisanal Agave Distilled: Bacanora

Bacanora is an artisanal beverage distilled from agave, which is manufactured on a small scale in the Sonora state, México. The aim of this study was to identify the major volatile compounds in 77 artisanal Bacanora beverages by gas chromatography, to determine the samples that comply with the Mexican Standards for Bacanora. The samples were collected in 28 municipalities in the area of origin denomination. It was found that only 55.8% of the samples (43) meet the parameters established in the Official Mexican Standards, whereas 44.2% of the samples (34) do not comply: 3 samples for alcohol content, 8 for acetaldehyde, 1 for esters, 11 for methanol and 17 for higher alcohols. Some of the samples do not comply because of more than one analyzed parameter. The Bacanora samples showed great variability among the sampled regions as well as within the same municipalities (p ≤ 0.05).

Analysis of Volatile Compounds of Jinmudan Oolong Tea by Different Wrapping-Twisting

In this study,the volatile compounds in four kinds of Jinmudan Oolong tea were extracted and analyzed by simultaneous steam distillation and extraction(SDE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),respectively.The relative contents of the chemical constituents in the volatile components were quantified by peak area normalization and NIST database.A total of 93 volatile components were identified,46 for sample 1,56 for sample 2,45 for sample 3 and 30 for sample 4.Alcohols and esters were the most abundant volatiles in Jinmudan Oolong tea.Palmitic acid,nerolidol,2-phenylethanol,phytol,cis-5-ethenyltetrahydro-.α,α-5-trimethyl-2-furanmethanol,2,2,6-trimethyl-6-ethenyltetrahydro-2h-pyran-3-ol,a-farnesene,eicosane,hexadecane,indole,β-phenethyl hexanoate,β-phenethyl hexanoate,methyl palmitate,benzoic acid,2-phenylethyl ester,tetrahydro-6-(cis-2-pentenyl)-2h-pyran-2-one and cis-jasmone were in all of the samples.Nerolidol was shown to be the aroma components with the highest content in Jinmudan Oolong tea,which accounted for 26.61%,36.89%,36.89%and 36.89%.

1,1-二芳基烯丙醇的1,2-芳基迁移反应研究进展

1,1-二芳基烯丙醇的1,2-芳基迁移反应是合成各种羰基化合物的有效方法之一,已经广泛应用于药物、天然产物、有机功能分子等中间体的合成,文章综述了近几年1,1-二芳基烯丙醇的1,2-芳基迁移反应研究进展。

水利工程混凝土复合材料的制备与力学性能分析

为提升水利工程混凝土材料的抗拉性能,利用聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维对混凝土实施改性处理,制备出采用各种不同配比方案的PVA改性混凝土,并通过万能试验机对PVA改性混凝土试件进行力学性能测试。经实验研究发现,制备出的水利工程混凝土复合材料具有较为理想的抗拉性能,该性能优势可在一定程度上改善结构构件的延性与耐久性能。

Extraction of Tungsten and Molybdenum by Various Organic Compounds as Extractants

Seventy organic compounds including various organophosphorus esters, amines and oxygen-based ligands were investigated as extractants. The experiment results show that amines are excellent extractants for W and Mo. Their sequence of extraction ability for W is as follows: quarternary amine > tertiary amine > secondary amine > primary amine. Acidic organophosphorus extractants do not extract W, but can extract Mo with high extraction ability from the acidic solution. These extractants could provide a potential process for separating W from Mo.