Advances in the prediction of biological markers of alcohol dependence relapse

Alcohol dependence is a chronic and re-lapsing disease that causes mental and organ damage due to long-term heavy drinking,which has serious adverse effccts on individuals and socicty.Previous studics have shown that even after inpatient treatment,the relapse rate of alcohol-dependent patients can be as high as 60%-70%within 3 months after discharge.Currently,the mecha-nisms associated with relapse to drinking in alcohol-dependent patients are still unclear.And most of the studies reported in the past have been about the relationship between psychosocial factors and relapse to drinking,while few studies have examined the relationship between bi-ological indicators and relapse to drinking.Therefore,in this paper,we summarize the recent literature to explore the biological markers related to alcohol dependence relapse and discuss the progress of research on relapse pre-diction,in order to provide reference and help to reduce the relapse rate and improve the quality of life of patients.

基于IMMKF算法的ADS-B监视应用目标跟踪

目标跟踪是机载广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B)应用的基础功能,对提升航空器周边的弱机动民航飞机目标跟踪性能具有重要意义。提出一种基于交互式多模型卡尔曼滤波(IMMKF)算法的ADS-B监视应用目标跟踪方法。首先,针对弱机动背景下的民航飞机的飞行特点,建立包含匀速模型和标准协同转弯模型的运动模型集,并对模型进行线性化近似;然后,将模型预测和ADS-B状态矢量量测数据作为IMMKF算法中多个并行卡尔曼滤波器的输入,进行并行滤波;最后,计算得到目标状态矢量的估计和模型近似概率,并作为下一次迭代的输入。结果表明:相比于基于匀速模型的卡尔曼滤波目标跟踪方法,IMMKF算法的位置跟踪误差降低了59%,速度跟踪误差降低了77%,显著提升了状态估计性能,具备较高的跟踪精度、稳健性与计算效率,在ADS-B监视应用中具有实际应用价值与借鉴意义。

基于Transformer-VAE的ADS-B异常检测方法

针对现有的异常检测算法无法同时捕捉广播式自动相关监视(automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast,ADS-B)报文序列中的长程依赖关系、随机性以及整体性特征的问题,提出了基于Transformer变分自动编码器(variational autoencoder,VAE)的ADS-B异常检测算法,以Transformer编码器和解码器作为VAE的推断网络和生成网络来学习ADS-B报文序列的时序分布。由Transformer编码器的自注意力机制建模序列中的长程依赖关系,生成反映报文序列整体性特征的随机变量,并采用一个特殊的融合模块融合该随机变量与Transformer解码器的输出以实现报文的重构,最终通过重构误差来检测异常。实验表明,所提出的方法在不同攻击场景下,均优于相关基线算法。

基于Petri网的终端区ADS-B监视系统及其可靠性研究

为辅助塔台管制人员决策,提升航空器运行安全性,提出一种以广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B)数据为数据源的终端区监视系统。首先,基于系统需求分析系统架构特征,利用面向对象Petri网(OOPN)灵活、易于模块化设计等优点,将复杂系统模块化,分别建立子系统模型,依据子系统间的交互关系建立整体系统简化模型,并分析模型的可靠性;然后,设计ADS-B数据流实时传输引擎,利用无线传输的方式提升数据使用效率,然后,设计ADS-B数据流实时传输引擎,利用无线传输的方式提升数据使用效率,有效传输虚拟系统与外部实体之间的数据;最后,基于虚幻引擎(UE4)平台,构建虚拟现实仿真系统,实时监视机场及周围一定范围内的航空器。实时监视机场及周围一定范围内的航空器。结果表明:该系统建模方法能提高系统的模块性和可靠性,增强系统逻辑结构的易分析性,构建的系统可以安全、可靠地实现终端区监视功能。

基于SRTM3的岸基ADS-B接收站覆盖性能比较分析

广播式自动相关监视(automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast,ADS-B)技术在民航领域获得广泛应用,ADS-B信号遵循相关民航标准,可作为已知相关信息的空中辐射源.为了研究岸基ADS-B接收站在电波传播领域的应用,提出了一种基于航天飞机雷达地形测绘任务3″×3″精度(shuttle radar topography mission 3second,SRTM3)数据的岸基ADS-B接收站覆盖性能预测方法.基于高精度的SRTM3地理高程数据,考虑不规则地形的影响,通过计算不同方位上的遮蔽角,进行ADS-B接收站的遮蔽角以及标准大气环境下的理论预测覆盖性能分析,理论与实测结果的一致性表明算法有效.基于2021-06-18—2022-05-31约1年实测ADS-B数据,给出了各月份理论与实测覆盖性能比较,结果表明:在存在飞机进入和穿出理论覆盖范围的方位上,11月份、12月份、1月份预测误差较小,平均误差小于22 km;其他月份则误差较大,平均误差可达200 km.这些结果可为ADSB信号的覆盖算法性能提升提供参考.

基于TriLSTM-SVDD的ADS-B欺骗数据检测方法

广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B)协议公开、无认证措施等特点,使其易受消息修改攻击。首先,分析了攻击者攻击意图与攻击路径选择的关联性;然后,为了应对通过1090ES链路、机载网络等实施的消息修改攻击,提出了经特征处理的TriLSTM-SVDD模型进行欺骗数据检测。仿真结果表明,TriLSTM模型预测误差显著小于LSTM模型,TriLSTM-SVDD模型则以98.9%的准确率识别出0.01°的纬度值偏差、0.02°的经度值偏差和50 m的高度值偏差。

基于改进PF算法的ADS-B风场反演

将装载自动相关监视广播(ADS-B)机载端的民航飞机视作传感器,利用ADS-B下行数据实施风场反演是近年来新颖的风场探测手段之一。现有的反演算法在飞机小角度转弯情况下存在精度不高的问题,大面积空间风场重建也对风场探测提出了新的挑战。针对上述问题,利用数据的几何结构和Kullback-Leibler Divergence(KLD)采样对粒子滤波(Particle Filter,PF)算法进行改进,该算法通过结合ADS-B数据对航线上的固定位置不同高度层上风矢量进行反演,构造垂直风廓线,并与欧洲中期天气预报中心气象数据作对比,验证了算法的可行性与准确性;最后,利用气象粒子(Meteo-Particle,MP)模型对航线外大面积的风矢量进行估计。实验结果表明,该方法能够反映真实的风场。

一种基于深度生成模型的ADS-B信号增强和目标识别方法

自动相关监视广播数据(automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast,ADS-B)信号在航空领域通信中占据非常重要的地位,其检测、分析对航空运输安全保障意义重大。ADS-B信号常常带有噪声或干扰,这使得直接解码的准确性受到影响。为了更好地捕捉ADS-B信号的信息提升其准确性,提出了EASTR深度学习模型。所提模型首先使用基于非因果扩张卷积和残差网络结构的方法,对原始含噪ADS-B信号进行降噪与增强;随后,经过降噪处理的信号被转换为星群图像,再利用多层感知机进行分类识别。收集了5000条来自不同飞机的ADS-B信号数据,在此数据集上将EASTR与其他同类模型进行比较。实验结果表明:不同信噪比下EASTR均在准确率上优于其他模型。通过消融实验验证了数据增强模块的效能。

Toward an integrative model for alcohol use and dependence

Background: If the alcohol use and dependence disorders are differentiated by the pharmaco-dependence, they share complex relationships with other clinical disorders and personality disorders. The purpose of this paper is to produce a model that reflects its relations both among users than among addicts. Method: Data from questionnaires measuring key variables selected for this study have been collected from people with alcohol misuse (n = 83) and alcohol-dependent (n = 81) in rehab. A model of drug dependence has been produced from these data that gives complete satisfaction to the criteria of SEM. Discussion: This model reflects the shift from abuse to a dependent consumption by the presence of feedbacks involving pharmaco-dependence, disturbance of the alcohol consumption by psychological distress and depressive traits. To further guarantee its validity, however it should be tested by collecting data from other surveys.

Disulfiram in the management of alcohol dependence: A comprehensive clinical review

Disulfiram remains a viable option as a treatment for alcohol dependence and has been shown in recent studies to be successful in treating patients with alcohol dependence in a manner that is superior to both naltrexone and acamprosate. It is also useful in dual diagnosis patients and those with co-morbid cocaine and alcohol dependence. Although disulfiram’s mechanism of action in alcohol dependence was long thought to be its effects as a psychological deterrent, more recent studies have uncovered potential anticraving effects as well. Recent reviews exhort to the importance of supervised disulfiram therapy in highlighting many of the potential and unique benefits of disulfiram. The present article will review the major clinical trials of disulfiram spanning nearly 60 years. It also discusses the usage of disulfiram across diverse populations along with monitoring for compliance and various adverse effects that may be encountered. The paper also reviews certain studies on long acting disulfiram therapy, recent comparative trials of disulfiram and its use in alcohol dependence. The review concludes with the role of disulfiram in the present day and long-term pharmacotherapy of alcohol dependence along with future research needs in this area.

Family-based association analysis of alcohol dependence implicates KIAA0040 on Chromosome 1q in multiplex alcohol dependence families

Background: A previous genome-wide linkage study of alcohol dependence in multiplex families found a suggestive linkage result for a region on Chromosome 1 near microsatellite markers D1S196 and D1S2878. The KIAA0040 gene has been mapped to this region (1q24-q25). A recent genome-wide association study using SAGE (the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment) and COGA (Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism) found five SNPs within the KIAA0040 gene significantly associated with alcohol dependence. A meta-analysis using data from these sources also found the KIAA0040 gene significantly associated with alcohol dependence. Methods: Using family data consisting of 1000 individuals with phenotypic data (762 with both phenotype and DNA), finer mapping of a 0.3 cM region that included the KIAA0040 gene and a flanking gene was undertaken using SNPs with minor allele frequency (MAF) ≥ 0.15 and pair-wise linkage disequilibrium (LD) of r2 < 0.8 using the HapMap CEU population. Results: Significant FBAT p-values were observed for six SNPs, four within the KIAA0040 gene (rs2269650, rs2861158, rs1008459, rs2272785) and two adjacent to KIAA0040 (rs10912899 and rs3753555). Five haplotype blocks of varying size were identified using HAPLOVIEW. Analysis using the haplotype-based test function of FBAT revealed one two-SNP block (rs1008459rs2272785) associated with alcohol dependence. This block showed a pattern of transmission in which one haplotype, CT, with a frequency of 0.577 was found to be over-transmitted to affected offspring (p = 0.017) while another haplotype, AG, with a frequency of 0.238 was found to be under-transmitted to affected offspring (p = 0.006). A three-SNP block (rs1008459rs2272785-rs375355) showed an overall significant association (p = 0.011) with alcohol dependence with the haplotype ACT over-transmitted to affected offspring (p = 0.016) and the haplotype GAG undertransmitted (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Family-based association analysis shows the KIAA0040 gene significantly associated with alcohol dependence. The potential importance of the KIAA0040 gene for AD risk is currently unknown. However, the present results support earlier findings from a genome-wide association study.

Effectiveness of psychosocial intervention for internalizing behavior problems among children of parents with alcohol dependence:Randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND Parental drinking has a direct bearing on children.Behavioral problems such as anxiety and depression are common problems among children whose parents drink heavily.Psychosocial interventions have shown promising results for anxiety and depression among children;however,few studies have been conducted in the context of children of parents with alcohol dependence in India.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of psychosocial intervention for internalizing behavioral problems among children of parents with alcohol dependence.METHODS A randomized controlled trial with a 2×4 factorial design was adopted with longitudinal measurement of outcomes for 6 mo.Two-hundred and eleven children who met the eligibility criteria(at least one parent with alcohol dependence)at government high schools in Bangalore,India,were randomized to the experimental(n=97)or control group(n=98).The psychosocial intervention was administered to the experimental group in eight sessions(biweekly)over 4 wk after baseline assessment.The intervention focused on identifying and modifying negative thoughts,replacing thinking errors with realistic alternatives,modification of maladaptive behavior,developing adaptive coping skills and building self-esteem.The data was collected pre-intervention and at 1,3 and 6 mo after the intervention.Data were analyzed using SPSS 28.0 version.RESULTS Mean age of the children was 14.68±0.58 years,60.5%were male,56%were studying in 9th standard,70.75%were from nuclear families,and mean family monthly income was 9588.1±3135.2 INR.Mean duration of parental alcohol dependence was 7.52±2.94 years and the father was the alcohol-consuming parent.The findings showed that there were significant psychosocial intervention effects in terms of decreasing anxiety and depression scores,and increasing selfesteem level among experimental group subjects over the 6-mo interval,when compared with the control group(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that the psychosocial intervention was effective in reducing anxiety and depression,and increasing self-esteem among children of parents with alcohol dependence.The study recommends the need for ongoing psychosocial intervention for these children.

基于注意力机制的CNN-LSTM的ADS-B异常数据检测

广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B)是民航新一代空中交通管理系统的重要组成部分,由于协议没有数据加密和认证,导致容易受到数据攻击.为了准确检测ADS-B数据攻击,基于ADS-B数据的时序性,提出了一种基于注意力机制的卷积神经网络-长短期记忆网络(convolutional neural networks-long short-term memory,CNN-LSTM)异常数据检测模型.首先,利用CNN提取ADS-B数据的特征,然后以时序形式将特征向量输入到LSTM中,最后使用注意力机制进行网络参数优化,实现对ADS-B数据的预测,通过计算预测误差,来进行异常检测.实验表明,该模型能够很好地检测出模拟的4种类型的异常数据,与其他机器学习方法相比,具有更高的准确率和F1分数.

Research progress on the relationship between proBDNF and alcohol dependence and its related cognitive impairment

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)plays an important role in the growth,develop-ment,differentiation,injury,repair,survival and apoptosis of nerve cells.Precursor of BDNF(proBDNF)is an im-portant regulator of neurodegeneration,long-term hippo-campal inhibition and synaptic plasticity.Alcohol depen-dence syndrome(ADS)is a group of chronic recurrent diseases with unknown etiology.Current studies believe that proBDNF plays an important role in the occurrence,development and outcome of ADS.Alcohol dependence patients,like other neurodegenerative diseases,will also have different degrees of cognitive impairment.This arti-cle reviews the research progress on the relationship be-tween BDNF,proBDNF,alcohol dependence and cogni-tive impairment.

基于数字射频调制的ADS-B目标模拟器设计与实现

广播式自动相关监视器(ADS-B)是一种用于空中交通管制的监视设备,因为其优越的各项性能,在雷达监视领域被广泛推广。为了方便快捷地测试ADS-B设备的准确性、可靠性和及时性等技术指标,需要使用目标模拟器来生成各种场景的ADS-B射频测试信号,包括不同的衰减、时延、多普勒频移和交织情况等。文中给出了一种基于数字射频调制技术的目标模拟器设计与实现,阐明了其工作原理与具体实现方法。对该模拟器的测试和使用表明:该模拟器可按照设定产生多个ADS-B目标叠加信号,操作简单且运行稳定,能够实现对ADS-B接收系统性能和功能测试,具有很好的应用价值。

便携式ADS-B目标航迹信息采集及实时显示系统

为高效快捷地采集利用ADS-B数据,基于无线电接收机技术及数据融合处理技术,该文设计了一种便携式ADS-B航迹信息采集显示系统。系统可以接收飞行器发射的ADS-B广播数据,实时显示ADS-B目标的航迹信息、点迹信息,并可进行存储用于事后分析。系统运行结果表明,系统便携性好,显示处理速度快,可应用于室内外不同的ADS-B数据接收环境。

基于交替方向乘子法的单天线ADS-B信号分离

广播式自动相关监视(automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast,ADS-B)系统是一种针对空中交通管理的监视系统。然而,由于ADS-B信号传输的随机性不可避免地导致多个ADS-B信号之间的重叠。传统的单天线Capon算法由于频率估计误差导致算法性能下降,针对以上问题提出了一种非频率估计的ADS-B信号分离算法。首先,基于矩阵重构,将单天线ADS-B信号分离问题重新表述成一个与Capon算法类似,但是约束条件完全不同的非凸优化问题。然后,针对该非凸优化问题,使用了交替方向乘子法求解了该非凸优化问题。仿真结果表明,当非重叠的数据的长度大于1μs时,提出的算法就能有效地分离出重叠的单天线ADS-B信号。此外,即使在Capon算法已知重叠信号的频率精确而所提算法未知的情况下,所提算法的性能也优于Capon算法。

ADS-B中基于格的分层无证书消息可恢复认证方案

广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B)作为新一代空中交通管制的关键技术,已部署在全球大部分空域。已有的ADS-B消息认证方案主要利用传统的公钥密码系统来保证数据安全,计算负担较重且无法抵御量子攻击。首次将基于格的密码体制用于ADS-B通信安全,提出一种同时支持消息可恢复和批量验证的分层无证书消息认证方案。ADS-B机载设备不需要管理证书,也无密钥托管问题。ADS-B消息不需要与签名一起传输,可以在验证阶段进行恢复。利用拒绝采样和无陷门技术,该方案仅需执行计算复杂度较低的线性运算即可实现消息认证。在随机预言机模型和小整数解问题假设下,该方案是可证安全的。性能评价实验结果表明,在同等的比特安全级别下,该方案相比相关工作在节省计算开销方面有显著的提升,对于计算资源受限的航空电子设备十分适用。

酒依赖患者的腹侧苍白球改变及其与复饮的关系

目的:探讨酒依赖患者腹侧苍白球(VP)的体积变化及其与复饮的关系。方法:采用横断面与队列研究相结合的方法,选取符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-IV)酒精依赖综合征诊断标准的患者33例,在停酒14~28 d内进行头部磁共振成像检查,采用自制调查问卷、临床机构酒精戒断症状评定量表(CIWA)、酒精使用障碍筛查量表(AUDIT)进行评估,采用自制随访问卷评估半年内治疗结局。比较酒依赖组与对照组,复饮组与非复饮组间VP体积。结果:酒依赖组的VP体积小于正常对照组[(1749±492)mm^(3) vs.(2116±189)mm^(3),P<0.05],复饮组的VP体积较非复饮组大[(1956±452)mm^(3) vs.(1555±458)mm^(3),P<0.05]。结论:酒依赖患者的VP可能参与病理性奖赏环路功能,并与复饮有关。

基于随访系统的延续性护理干预在酒精依赖患者中的应用

目的探讨基于随访系统的延续性护理干预在酒精依赖患者中的应用效果。方法采用方便抽样法,选取2021年3月-2022年8月在我院成瘾医学科住院治疗的酒精依赖患者120例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和干预组,各60例。对照组出院后接受常规药物治疗,干预组在对照组基础上接受为期6个月的基于随访系统的延续性护理干预。比较2组患者干预前后对酒精的渴求程度和生活质量,以及干预后1个月、3个月和6个月对酒精的依赖状态和复饮率。结果干预前,2组患者对酒精的渴求程度和生活质量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,干预组对酒精的渴求程度和生活质量显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后1个月、3个月、6个月,干预组对酒精的依赖状态和复饮率均显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于随访系统的延续性护理干预能降低酒精依赖患者对酒精的渴求和依赖程度,降低复饮率,改善患者生活质量,为酒精依赖患者院外康复管理提供了新的护理理念及干预方法。