Antitumor Activity of the Ganoderma Lucidum Spore Alcohol Extract in Vitro

Several cancer cell lines(epithelioma cells or leukemia cells)from human being or mouse were first used to study the antitumor activity of the Ganoderma lucidum spore alcohol extract(GLSAE)in vitro by the MTT test A comparision was made between the sporodermbroken(SB)and sporoderm nonbroken(SN)GLSAE It was showed that both GLSAE SB and GLSAE SN could inhibit the proliferation of these cancer cells,but the activity of GLSAE SB was much higher than that of GLSAE SN These results suggested that Ganoderma lucidum spore could probably be used for tumor treatment

The Control Efficiency of Plant Alcohol Extracts on the Laboratory Populations of Myzus persicae(Sulzer)and Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach)

The effects of semiochemicals extracted from 63 species of plants, on peach aphid (Myzus per-sicae) and mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi), were studied in laboratory. The deterrent rate, reproduction deterrent index and the interferential index of population control (IIPC) was used to evaluate the efficiency of semiochemicals on population control of the two target aphids. The results showed that the extracts of 34 species of common plants have noticeable effect on both aphid populations, especially, Xanthium sibiricum Petr. Et Widd. and Syngonium podophyllum Schott. These plant extracts could be used to construct the plant pro-tectant to protect crops.

Effect of Alpinia officinarum Hance alcohol extracts on primary dysmenorrheal

Objective:To study the effect of Alpinia officinarum Hance(A.officinarum) 80% alcohol extract on the primary dysmenorrhea.Methods:A.officinarum 80% alcohol extract were enriched by macroporous adsorption resins.Female mice of primary dysmenorrhea model were established by oxytocin induction; the effects of A.officinarum 80% alcohol extract on primary dysmenorrhea were observed by body twist method; and the homogenate level of prostaglandin F_(2α)(PGF_(2α)),prostaglandin E_2(PGE_2) and Ca^(2+) in the uterus were observed in oxytocin-induced female mice.Results:The writhing frequency of primary dysmenorrhea mice was significantly decreased after treatment of A.officinarum 80% alcohol extract and the level of PGF_(2α),PGE_2 and Ca^(2+) in mice uterus was significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01) in groups of mice treated with middle and high dosage of A.officinarum 80% alcohol extract compared with that of model group.Conclusions:These findings suggest that A.Officinarum 80% alcohol extract can significantly relieve primary dysmenorrhea.

Alcohols Extraction Process and Content of Active Ingredients in Chinese Northeastern Auricularia auricula

[Objectives] The aim was to study the type and content of alcohol-soluble active ingredients in Auricularia auricula. [Methods]With total yield of alcohol extract as an indicator,the optimal concentrations of ethanol,isopropanol and n-butanol for alcohol extraction of A. auricula powder were determined. The contents of total flavonoids,polyphenols and triterpenoids in three different alcohol extracts of A. auricula,as well as in the alcohol extracts of polysaccharides and melanin extraction residue of A. auricula were determined. [Results] When90% ethanol was used,the yield of alcohol extract of A. auricula was 10. 7%. In the alcohol extract,the contents of total flavonoids,polyphenols and triterpenoids were 5. 68 mg/100 g,0. 43% and 0. 55%,respectively. When 100% isopropanol was used,the yield of alcohol extract was 10. 1%. In the alcohol extract,the contents of total flavonoids,polyphenols and triterpenoids were 4. 84 mg/100 g,0. 66% and 0. 37%,respectively. When 70% n-butanol was used,the yield of alcohol extract was 5. 4%. In the alcohol extract,the contents of total flavonoids,polyphenols and triterpenoids were 4. 07 mg/100 g,1. 68% and 0. 30%,respectively. The yields of ethanol,isopropanol and n-butanol extracts of polysaccharide and melanin extraction residue of A. auricula were 13. 8%,14. 3% and 8. 9%,respectively. In the three kinds of alcohol extracts,the contents of total flavonoids were 8. 28,11. 99,and 12. 38 mg/100 g,respectively; the contents of polyphenols were 0.14%,0. 38% and 0. 75%,respectively; and the contents of triterpenoids were 0. 25%,0. 60% and 0. 58%,respectively. [Conclusions]This study will provide certain reference for the in-depth study and development and utilization of active ingredients in A. auricula.

Indirect determination of cefradine with n-propyl alcohol-ammonium sulfate-water system by extraction-flotation of cuprous thiocyanate

A new method was developed for the determination of cefradine by extraction-flotation of CuSCN. The experiment indicated that in the presence of 0.20 mol/L NaOH the degradation of cefradine took place in water bath at 100 ℃. The thiol group （-SH） of the degradation product could reduce Cu（Ⅱ） to Cu（Ⅰ） for the formation of the emulsion CuSCN in the presence of NH4SCN at pH 4.0. By determining the residual amount of Cu（Ⅱ） in the solution and calculating the flotation yield of Cu（Ⅱ）, the indirect determination of cefradine can be obtained. This method has been applied to determine cefradine in capsules, human serum and urine samples, respectively.

Traditional Chinese herbal extracts inducing autophagy as a novel approach in therapy of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver diseases around the world due to the modern sedentary and food-abundant lifestyle, which is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver related with causes other than alcohol abuse. It is widely acknowledged that insulin resistance, dysfunctional lipid metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis/necrosis may all contribute to NAFLD. Autophagy is a protective self-digestion of intracellular organelles, including lipid droplets(lipophagy), in response to stress to maintain homeostasis. Lipophagy is another pathway for lipid degradation besides lipolysis. It is reported that impaired autophagy also contributes to NAFLD. Some studies have suggested that the histological characteristics of NAFLD(steatosis, lobular inflammation, and peri-sinusoid fibrosis) might be improved by treatment with traditional Chinese herbal extracts, while autophagy may be induced. This review will provide insights into the characteristics of autophagy in NAFLD and the related role/mechanisms of autophagy induced by traditional Chinese herbal extracts such as resveratrol, Lycium barbarum polysaccharides, dioscin, bergamot polyphenol fraction, capsaicin, and garlic-derived S-allylmercaptocysteine, which may inhibit the progression of NAFLD. Regulation of autophagy/lipophagy with traditional Chinese herbal extracts may be a novel approach for treating NAFLD, and the molecular mechanisms should be elucidated further in the near future.

Extraction Equilibrium of Lincomycin with Long-Chain Alcohols

1 INTRODUCTIONLincomycin is an important antibiotic widely used in medicine.Recovery of lincomycin fromfermentation filtrate can be carried out either by solvent extraction with n-butyl alcohol(ormethylene dichloride) or by adsorption with activated carbon.Both approaches are time-consuming,with poor selectivity and high solvent losses.Improved solvent extraction

Indirect Determination of Ascorbic Acid with Ammonium Sulfate and Isopropyl Alcohol by Extraction-flotation of Copper

A new method of indirect determination of ascorbic acid(Vc) with ammonium sulfate and isopropyl alcohol by extraction-flotation of copper is studied in this paper. It shows that a small amount of Cu(Ⅱ) can be reduced to Cu( Ⅰ ) by Vc, then Cu(Ⅰ) reacted with the SCN-, which precipitated on the interface of isopropyl alcohol and H2O. A good linear relationship is observed between the flotation yield(E) of Cu( Ⅱ) and the amount of Vc. The detection limit for Vc is 1.76μg/mL. The method is simple, rapid (5 min), but suffers from little interference of common anions and cations. It has been successfully applied for the determination of Vc in fruits.

Non-invasive prediction of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in Japanese patients with morbid obesity by artificial intelligence using rule extraction technology

AIM To construct a non-invasive prediction algorithm for predicting non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), we investigated Japanese morbidly obese patients using artificial intelligence with rule extraction technology.METHODS Consecutive patients who required bariatric surgery underwent a liver biopsy during the operation. Standard clinical, anthropometric, biochemical measurements were used as parameters to predict NASH and were analyzed using rule extraction technology. One hundred and two patients, including 79 NASH and 23 non-NASH patients were analyzed in order to create the predictionmodel, another cohort with 77 patients including 65 NASH and 12 non-NASH patients were analyzed to validate the algorithm.RESULTS Alanine aminotransferase, C-reactive protein, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance, albumin were extracted as predictors of NASH using a recursive-rule extraction algorithm. When we adopted the extracted rules for the validation cohort using a highly accurate rule extraction algorithm, the predictive accuracy was 79.2%. The positive predictive value, negative predictive value,sensitivity and specificity were 88.9%, 35.7%, 86.2% and 41.7%, respectively.CONCLUSION We successfully generated a useful model for predicting NASH in Japanese morbidly obese patients based on their biochemical profile using a rule extraction algorithm.

A preliminary study on the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of two extracts of pine pollen on anoxia and fatigue resistance

Background:To study the anti-inflammatory,analgesic,fatigue resistant and antihypoxia effects of ethanol extract and water extract of pine pollen.Methods:Two different extracts of pine pollen were prepared into there different concentrations,that is 1.5 mg·mL^-1,4.5 mg·mL^-1 and 7.5 mg·mL^-1 respectively.The extract were studied by xylene-induced ear swelling,acetic acid distortion test and hot plate test.The antihypoxia and antifatigue effects were explored by weight-bearing swimming experiment,routine pressure hypoxia tolerance experiment and liver weight coefficient comparison.Results:Through the study of the four pharmacological effects of ethanol extract and water extract,we found that the anti-inflammatory,analgesic,antithyposia and antifatigue effects of ethanol extract were better than that of water extract.Moreover,the experimental effects significantly improved with the increase of the concentration,and the effect of alcohol increased dose group was accurate(P<0.05).Conclusion:Pine pollen has excellent effects of anti-inflammatory,analgesic,antihypoxia and anti-fatigue.Besides,with the increase of drug concentration,effects tend to be more obvious with positive correlation.

Fluidized bed combustion of high water content alcohol extracted herb residue and the impacts of blending wasted activated coke

Combustion of herb residues(HRs)for heat recovery is a good way for their utilization,but there exists such a problem as high concentration NOx emission in flue gas.The alcohol extracted herb residue(AEHR),one special type of HRs,was chosen as the object and was subjected to immediate combustion in a fluidized bed reactor to investigate the characteristics of its resulting NOx emission.The results showed that,most of the NOx in the flue gas was produced from the char nitrogen(C-N);as the fuel water content increased,the NOx emission concentration exhibited a trend of first decreasing and then increasing;and a properly low combustion temperature inhibited the NOx emission upon the premise of ensuring full combustion.Air staging combustion was adopted to effectively control NOx:the NOx emission concentration in the flue gas was reduced to 296 mg⋅m􀀀3 and the NOx emission reduction rate reached 46.51%compared to conventional combustion.Co-combustion by blending wasted activated coke(WAC)into the AEHR helped both stabilize the combustion state and reduce further the NOx emission.When the blending ratio of WAC fell within a proper range of 20-30%,the NOx emission concentration in the flue gas was as low as 231.4 mg⋅m􀀀3.In addition to the dilution effect of the combustion flue gas of the blended WAC,the local reducing atmosphere caused by its incomplete combustion as well as its strong absorbability and catalytical effect was accountable for the further decrease of the NOx emission concentration.

Contributions of Extractives and Lignin to the Fractal Geometry of Inter-nal Wood Surfaces

Internal wood surfaces can be treated as fractals, which are between Euclidean geometry and complete randomness. The fractal dimension Dfs is very informative in investigating the roughness of the internal surfaces of wood. In this study, the water sorption isotherms, including adsorption and desorption isotherm, of untreated, benzene-alcohol extracted and delignified (after benzene-alcohol extracted) spruce (Cuninghamia lanceolata) were measured at 30℃. On the basis of these isotherms, the Dfs values were calculated by FHH equation, which is based on multimolecular sorption. The results showed that both groups of Dfs values (respectively calculated from adsorption and desorption isotherms) of untreated, benzene-alcohol extracted and delignified wood have same order, that is, untreated > benzene-alcohol extracted - delignified. Therefore, the conclusion can be made that the benzene-alcohol extractives have significant contribution to the fractal geometry of internal wood surfaces. Lignin also has influence on the fractal geometry, but this influence is very small while compared with that of the extractives. Moreover, the Dfs values calculated from adsorption isotherms are bigger than those from desorption isotherms.

Antioxidant Activity of Cosmetic Formulations Based on Novel Extracts from Seeds of Brazilian <i>Araucaria angustifolia</i>(Bertoll) Kuntze

The process of oxidation, due to free radicals, is the cause of major concern for human health. In particular damages related to the skin have great relevance;therefore, many antioxidants based products are developed and marketed with the intention to counteract the action of free radicals. The seed of Araucaria angustifolia is a rich source of antioxidants due to the presence of bioflavonoids to counteract free radicals damages. In this study, two extracts, one from the seed external teguments (shell) and the other from the inner seed pulp (endosperm and embryo) were obtained in order to evaluate possible applications to the dermo-cosmetic field. In parallel the following different methods were employed to characterize both the extracts and to determine their antioxidant capacity: HPTLC, ABTS and DPPH, ORAC and PLC. The qualitative analysis showed that both extracts have the antioxidant activity, but the quantitative evaluation revealed a more promising bioactivity from the shell than from the pulp. Therefore, it was evaluated the potential skin application of different cosmetic formulations, based on the presence of seed shell extract (W/O emulsion, O/W emulsion and gel). The best result was achieved with the W/O emulsion.

Optimization of extraction process of Amomum longiligulare T.L.Wu polysaccharides by response surface methodology

Objective:To optimize the technological conditions of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of Amomum longiligulare T.L.Wu polysaccharides and increase the yield of polysaccharides.Methods:The polysaccharide was prepared by water extraction and alcohol precipitation method,and the yield of polysaccharide was taken as an index.The effects of ultrasonic time,extraction times,ultrasonic temperature,and water-to-material ratio on polysaccharide yield were investigated through a single factor experiment.Combined experimental design and response surface analysis were used to optimize the extraction process of Amomum longiligulare T.L.Wu polysaccharides.Results:The optimum conditions of ultrasonic-assisted extraction were determined as follows:extraction time of 29 min,three extraction times,water bath extraction temperature of 68℃,water-to-material ratio of 15:1;under these conditions,the polysaccharide yield was 10.69%.Conclusion:The results are close to the predicted values of the model.This optimization test is effective and feasible,and provides a reference for the related research of Amomum longiligulare T.L.Wu.

Effects of <i>Nigella sativa</i>L. Seed Extract on Fatigue, Blood Biochemical Parameters and Thyroid Function in Male Mice

Nigella sativa L. (Black seed), is a traditional herbal medicine that has been used for many purposes. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of nigella sativa L. (NS) on performance of Forced Swimming Test (FST), blood biochemical parameters related to fatigue and thyroid functions. Therefore, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Creatine Kinase (CK), Lactic Dehydrogenase (LDH), and Total Protein (TP), triiodothyronine T3, thyroxin T4 and TSH tests were investigated. Thirty five male adult mice were randomly divided into five groups: three NS-fed groups, one fluoxetine treated group and one control group. Three NS experimental groups received hydro-alcoholic extract of NS at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg orally for two weeks. Immobility time decreased in all NS groups compared with control group. Administration of NS significantly increased the concentration of T3 and T4 of the treatment groups. On the contrary, the amount of BUN, CK, LDH, TP and TSH decreased. In conclusion, black seed extract at the experimented doses showed anti-depressant, anti-fatigue and hyperthyroid effects.

Aqueous Two Phase Extraction for the Recovery of 1,3-Propanediol from Its Aqueous Solutions

As the biodiesel production is rapidly enhanced, the crude glycerol, which is by-product of biodiesel processes, is state of surplus. 1,3-PDO (1,3-propanediol), a valuable monomer of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT), can be produced from the fermentation process using crude glycerin as a carbon source. For the economic biological production of 1,3-PDO, the low cost and high efficient separation processes is essential. In this study, aqueous two-phase system composed of various hydrophilic alcohols and salt was used as a primary separation step for 1,3-PDO. It was found that the aqueous two-phase systems are easily formed with decreasing of the polarity of alcohols. The extraction efficiency is proportional to the polarity of alcohols. In case of methanol or ethanol/K2HPO4, the extraction efficiency was more than 90%.? It was concluded that the aqueous two-phase extraction using methanol or ethanol/K2HPO4 can be applied? for the primary separation of 1,3-PDO? as an alternative to a conventional primary separation processes.

泽漆醇提取物抗氧化活性及对油酸诱导HepG2细胞脂肪堆积的影响

为了探究泽漆醇提取物体外抗氧化作用及其对油酸诱导HepG2细胞脂肪堆积的影响。本研究采用浸渍法分别以25%、50%、75%甲醇和乙醇对泽漆粉末进行提取,评估不同泽漆提取物的体外抗氧化活性,并测定其总酚和总黄酮含量。建立HepG2细胞脂肪堆积模型,不同浓度(20、40、60μg/mL)泽漆50%乙醇提取物处理24 h,观察细胞内脂滴形成情况;测定细胞中甘油三脂(triglyceride,TG)含量、总谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)的活性及总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)。结果表明,泽漆醇提取物均具有抗氧化活性,且有浓度依赖性,其中50%乙醇提取物在一定浓度范围内抗氧化效果最佳(P<0.05),且总酚(8.813%±1.344%)和总黄酮(17.938%±0.819%)含量也较高。与模型组比较,泽漆50%乙醇提取物能够降低HepG2细胞内脂滴和TG值,提高细胞GSH、T-AOC含量和SOD活性(P<0.05),具有浓度依赖性。综上可知,50%乙醇提取物可以抑制油酸诱导的HepG2细胞脂肪堆积,并增强细胞内源性抗氧化能力。

Alcohols＇ Classification by Infrared Spectra Segment Based on Support Vector Machines

This paper studies various classifiers to identify primary, secondary or tertiary alcohols by using segmental spectra and their combinations to support vector machines （SVMs）. The results showed that the O-H in-plane bending absorption contributed most to identification their substitute. This conclusion disagrees with related known research results.

鸡血藤纤维样物质药用价值的研究与评价

目的分析鸡血藤饮片粉碎后未过筛网的纤维样物质是否具有回收利用价值。方法鸡血藤样品粉碎过筛分为细粉与纤维样物质,分别经过不同的药典筛得不同孔径的细粉与纤维样物质,编号后依次经50%甲醇超声提取得提取液,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定所得样品中儿茶素的含量,以确定鸡血藤中纤维样物质的回收利用价值。色谱条件为Agilent C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×100 mm,2.6μm),流动相为乙腈(A)-0.2%磷酸水溶液,等度洗脱,体积比为10∶90,流速1.3 mL·min^(-1),检测波长278 nm。结果鸡血藤中含有较多的纤维样物质,约占药材总重的15%。纤维样物质浸出物含量均>8%,但与过6号筛的粉末比较,含量较低。纤维样物质中儿茶素含量较少,约为粉末中含量的50%。结论鸡血藤中纤维样物质的粉碎过筛过程较为繁琐,在制剂过程中影响剂型外观和患者口服感受,在临床使用中可直接抛弃,节约时间与制作成本。

基于主成分分析的聚乙烯醇-金针菇水提取物复合膜制备、表征与保鲜应用

为开发新型食品包装膜,提高金针菇资源化利用水平,以可降解的聚乙烯醇(PVA)和金针菇水提取物共混制备PVA-金针菇水提取物复合膜。以拉伸强度、断裂延伸率、耐水性系数、厚度、不透明度及水蒸气透过系数等复合膜物理性能参数,研究PVA添加量、2-乙酰柠檬酸三乙酯(ATEC)添加量、金针菇水提物添加量、干燥时间和干燥温度对复合膜物理性能的影响;采用主成分分析法对复合膜性能进行综合评价;并结合响应面分析法,建立了PVA-金针菇水提取物复合膜制备的多元二次回归方程模型,优化了复合膜制备条件,并研究了复合膜在20℃条件下对草莓贮藏期间(6 d)褐变度、失重率、维生素C、丙二醛等保鲜指标的影响。研究结果表明,PVA添加量4.0 g、ATEC添加量4.0 g、金针菇水提物添加量3.9 g、干燥温度62℃,干燥时间3.5 h为最佳制备条件,所得复合膜拉伸强度为31.76±0.50 N/cm^(2)、断裂延伸率为97.99%±0.25%、水蒸气透过系数为1.44×10^(-9)±1.53×10^(-11) g·mm/m^(2)·h·kPa、耐水性系数为549.14±0.94 s/mm、膜厚度为0.062±0.002 mm、不透明度为20.97±0.39,物理性能综合得分为102.25±0.16,与模型预测结果的相对误差为0.57%。红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射分析表明复合膜结构完整,金针菇水提取物与基质相容性较好,并以氢键结合。通过草莓贮藏期间褐变度、失重率、维生素C以及丙二醛的测定,制备的复合膜显示出较好的保鲜效果。