Polymorphisms of alcohol dehydrogenase-2 and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 and esophageal cancer risk in Southeast Chinese males

AIM： To evaluate the impact of alcohol dehydrogenase-2 （ADH2） and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 （ALDH2） polymorphisms on esophageal cancer susceptibility in Southeast Chinese males.METHODS： Two hundred and twenty-one esophageal cancer patients and 292 healthy controls from Taixing city in Jiangsu Province were enrolled in this study. ADH2 and ALDH2 genotypes were examined by polymerase chain reaction and denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios （OR） and 95% confidence interval （CI）.RESULTS： The ADH G allele carriers were more susceptible to esophageal cancer, but no association was found between ADH2 genotypes and risk of esophageal cancer when disregarding alcohol drinking status. Regardless of ADH2 genotype, ALDH2G/A or A/A carriers had significantly increased risk of developing esophageal cancer, with homozygous individuals showing higher esophageal cancer risk than those who were heterozygous. A significant interaction between ALDH2 and drinking was detected regarding esophageal cancer risk; the OR was 3.05 （95% CI： 2.49-6.25）. Compared with non-drinkers carrying both ALDH2 G/G and ADH2 A/A, drinkers carrying both ALDH2 A allele and ADH2 G allele showed a significantly higher risk of developing esophageal cancer （OR = 8.36, 95% CI： 2.98-23.46）.CONCLUSION： Both ADH2 G allele and ALDH2 A allele significantly increase the risk of esophageal cancer development in Southeast Chinese males. ALDH2 A allele significantly increases the risk of esophageal cancer development especially in alcohol drinkers. Alcohol drinkers carrying both ADH2 G allele and ALDH2 A allele have a higher risk of developing esophageal cancer.

Correlations Between Polymorphisms of Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2 Genes, as Well as Drinking Behavior and Pancreatic Cancer

Objective To investigate the correlation between drinking behavior combined with polymorphisms of extracellular superoxide dismutase （EC-SOD） and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 （ALDH2） genes and pancreatic cancer. Methods The genetic polymorphisms of EC-SOD and ALDH2 were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism in the peripheral blood leukocytes obtained from 680 pancreatic cancer cases and 680 non-cancer controls. Subsequently the frequency of genotype was compared between the pancreatic cancer patients and the healthy controls.The relationship of drinking with pancreatic cancer was analyzed. Results The frequencies of EC-SOD （C/G） and ALDH2 variant genotypes were 37.35% and 68.82% respectively in the pancreatic cancer cases, and were significantly higher than those in the healthy controls （21.03% and 44.56%, all P〈0.01）. People who carried EC-SOD （C/G） （0R=2.24, 95% C1= 1.81-4.03, P〈0.01） or ALDH2 variant genotypes （OR=2.75, 95% CI=1.92-4.47, P〈0.01） had a high risk to develop pancreatic cancer. Those who carried EC-SOD （C/G） genotype combined with ALDH2 variant genotype had a high risk for pancreatic cancer （29.56% vs. 6.76%, 0R=7.69, 95% CI=3.58-10.51, P〈0.01）. The drinking rate of the pancreatic cancer group （64.12%） was significantly higher than that of the control group （40.15%; OR=2.66, 95% CI=1.30-4.42, P〈0.01）. An interaction between drinking and EC-SOD （C/G）/ALDH2 variant genotypes increased the risk of occurrence of pancreatic cancer （OR=25.00, 95% CI= 11.87-35.64, P〈0.01）. Conclusion EC-SOD （C/G）, ALDH2 variant genotypes and drinking might be the risk factors of pancreatic cancer.

Association of genetic polymorphisms of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 with esophageal squamous cell dysplasia

AIM:To demonstrate the possible associations between genetic polymorphisms of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2(ALDH2) and esophageal squamous cell dysplasia(ESCD).METHODS:All participants came from an area of high incidence of esophageal cancer and underwent an endoscopic staining examination;biopsies were taken from a non-staining area of the mucosa and diagnosed by histopathology.Based on the examinations,the subjects were divided into the control group with normal esophageal squamous epithelial cells and the ESCD group.ALDH2 genotypes of 396 cases were determined including 184 ESCD cases and 212 controls.The odds ratio(OR) and 95% confidence intervals(95% CI) were calculated by binary logistic regression models.RESULTS:The distribution of ALDH2 genotypes showed significant differences between the two groups.The adjustment factors were gender and age in the logistic regression models.Compared with 2*2/2*2 genotype,2*1/2*1 genotype was found to be a risk factor for ESCD,and the OR(95% CI) was 4.50(2.21-9.19).There were significant correlations between ALDH2 genotypes and alcohol drinking/smoking/history of esophageal cancer.CONCLUSION:The ALDH2 polymorphism is significantly associated with ESCD.

Critical role of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 in acrolein sequestering in rat spinal cord injury

Lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes,such as acrolein,the most reactive aldehyde,have emerged as key culprits in sustaining post-spinal cord injury(SCI)secondary pathologies leading to functional loss.Strong evidence suggests that mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase-2(ALDH2),a key oxidoreductase and powerful endogenous anti-aldehyde machinery,is likely important for protecting neurons from aldehydesmediated degeneration.Using a rat model of spinal cord contusion injury and recently discovered ALDH2 activator(Alda-1),we planned to validate the aldehyde-clearing and neuroprotective role of ALDH2.Over an acute 2 day period post injury,we found that ALDH2 expression was significantly lowered post-SCI,but not so in rats given Alda-1.This lower enzymatic expression may be linked to heightened acrolein-ALDH2 adduction,which was revealed in co-immunoprecipitation experiments.We have also found that administration of Alda-1 to SCI rats significantly lowered acrolein in the spinal cord,and reduced cyst pathology.In addition,Alda-1 treatment also resulted in significant improvement of motor function and attenuated post-SCI mechanical hypersensitivity up to 28 days post-SCI.Finally,ALDH2 was found to play a critical role in in vitro protection of PC12 cells from acrolein exposure.It is expected that the outcome of this study will broaden and enhance anti-aldehyde strategies in combating post-SCI neurodegeneration and potentially bring treatment to millions of SCI victims.All animal work was approved by Purdue Animal Care and Use Committee(approval No.1111000095)on January 1,2021.

基于层状锌铝复合氢氧化物前驱体优化制备Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3)气相醛加氢催化剂

以偏铝酸钠作为铝源通过一步法、两步法和混合法引入Cu制备基于ZnAl-LDH前驱体的3种不同的Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3)催化剂,对催化剂及其前驱体结构性质进行表征,结合辛烯醛(2-乙基-2-己烯醛,EPA)加氢反应评价结果,探究不同制备方法、不同铝的引入方式对ZnAl_(2)O_(4)尖晶石形成的影响,考察不同条件下所得催化剂的结构与反应性能之间的构效关系。结果表明:与工业催化剂相比,在辛烯醛气相加氢反应中混合法制得的催化剂与工业催化剂活性相当,产物选择性在空速1.5 h^(-1)时高于工业剂1.9%,在空速4.0 h^(-1)时高于工业剂2.5%;以偏铝酸钠作为铝源制备的ZnAl-LDH前驱物大大提高锌铝结合效率,减少非结合Al_(2)O_(3)的产生,提高产物选择性,同时实现380℃低温焙烧条件下ZnAl-LDH向ZnAl_(2)O_(4)尖晶石的转变,避免传统的高温焙烧过程中CuO的烧结。

Role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 in ischemia reperfusion injury:An update

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2(ALDH2) is best known for its critical detoxifying role in liver alcohol metabolism. However, ALDH2 dysfunction is also involved in a wide range of human pathophysiological situations and is associated with complications such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases and aging. A growing body of research has shown that ALDH2 provides important protection against oxidative stress and the subsequent loading of toxic aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and adducts that occur in human diseases, including ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI). There is increasing evidence of its role in IRI pathophysiology in organs such as heart, brain, small intestine and kidney; however, surprisingly few studies have been carried out in the liver, where ALDH2 is found in abundance. This study reviews the role of ALDH2 in modulating the pathways involved in the pathophysiology of IRI associated with oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis. Special emphasis is placed on the role of ALDH2 in different organs, on therapeutic "preconditioning" strategies, and on the use of ALDH2 agonists such as Alda-1, which may become a useful therapeutic tool for preventing the deleterious effects of IRI in organ transplantation.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 overexpression inhibits neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2（ALDH2）is an important factor in inhibiting oxidative stress and has been shown to protect against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.Therefore,we hypothesized that ALDH_2 could reduce spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury.Spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced in rats using the modified Zivin＇s method of clamping the abdominal aorta.After successful model establishment,the agonist group was administered a daily consumption of 2.5%alcohol.At 7 days post-surgery,the Basso,Beattie,and Bresnahan score significantly increased in the agonist group compared with the spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury group.ALDH_2expression also significantly increased and the number of apoptotic cells significantly decreased in the agonist group than in the spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury group.Correlation analysis revealed that ALDH_2 expression negatively correlated with the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells（r=-0.485,P〈0.01）.In summary,increased ALDH_2 expression protected the rat spinal cord against ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting apoptosis.

2型糖尿病合并视网膜病变患者血清ALDH2和CAT活性检测及临床意义

目的分析2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)患者血清乙醛脱氢酶2(ALDH2)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,并探讨其临床诊断价值。方法选取该院2020年4月至2021年11月206例T2DM患者,根据视网膜是否发生病变分为单纯T2DM组(T2DM组,n=103)和T2DM合并DR组(T2DM+DR组,n=103),另选取该院同期103例体检健康者为对照组。检测血清ALDH2、CAT活性,Pearson相关性分析T2DM合并DR患者血清ALDH2、CAT与糖化血红蛋白、甘油三酯、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后1 h血糖(1 hPG)及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)的关系,多因素Logistic回归分析T2DM合并DR的影响因素,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清ALDH2、CAT对T2DM合并DR的临床诊断价值。结果对照组、T2DM组、T2DM+DR组患者血清ALDH2、CAT活性依次逐渐降低(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,糖化血红蛋白、1 hPG、HOMA-IR、糖尿病病程及ALDH2、CAT活性是T2DM合并DR的影响因素(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,T2DM合并DR患者血清ALDH2、CAT与糖化血红蛋白、甘油三酯、FBG、1 hPG及HOMA-IR均呈负相关(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,ALDH2和CAT联合诊断T2DM合并DR的曲线下面积(AUC)明显大于ALDH2单独诊断的AUC(Z=2.563,P=0.010)及CAT单独诊断的AUC(Z=1.984,P=0.047)。结论T2DM合并DR患者血清ALDH2、CAT活性降低,二者联合检测对T2DM合并DR具有较高的诊断价值。

Chronic stress causes protein kinase C epsilon-aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 signaling pathway perturbation in the rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex,but not in the myocardium

Chronic stress is strongly associated with the occurrence and development of depression and cardiovascular disease.Stress can induce altered mitochondrial function and activation of apoptosis in the cardio-cerebral system.However,it is unknown whether the protein kinase C ε（PKCε）-aldehyde dehydrogenase 2（ALDH2） pathway is altered under chronic stress,and this study sought to address this question.A rat model of depression was established using a chronic unpredictable mild stress（CUMS） protocol.After experiencing CUMS for 4 weeks,the sucrose preference test and the forced swim test verified depressive-like behaviors.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays showed that ALDH2 activity was decreased in the rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex,but was not altered in the myocardium.Western blot assays demonstrated reduced levels of ALDH2 and PKCε,but increased levels of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal（4 HNE） adducts.Caspase-3 expression did not obviously alter,but active forms of caspase-3 were increased in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.In the myocardium,expression of ALDH2,PKCε and 4 HNE adducts did not remarkably alter;while caspase-3 expression was reduced and the active forms of caspase-3 were upregulated.Pearson＇s correlation test demonstrated that expression of 4 HNE adducts was positively correlated with levels of the active forms of caspase-3 in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex,but not in the myocardium.In conclusion,chronic stress can damage the PKCε-ALDH2 signaling pathway in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex,but not in the myocardium.Moreover,4 HNE is associated with active forms of caspase-3 in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 preserves mitochondrial morphology and attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenationinduced cardiomyocyte injury

BACKGROUND:Disturbance of mitochondrial fi ssion and fusion(termed mitochondrial dynamics)is one of the leading causes of ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)-induced myocardial injury.Previous studies showed that mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2(ALDH2)conferred cardioprotective effect against myocardial I/R injury and suppressed I/R-induced excessive mitophagy in cardiomyocytes.However,whether ALDH2 participates in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics during myocardial I/R injury remains unknown.METHODS:In the present study,we investigated the effect of ALDH2 on mitochondrial dynamics and the underlying mechanisms using the H9c2 cells exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R)as an in vitro model of myocardial I/R injury.RESULTS:Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was significantly increased after oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation(OGD/R),and ALDH2 activation largely decreased the cardiomyocyte apoptosis.Additionally,we found that both ALDH2 activation and overexpression significantly inhibited the increased mitochondrial fission after OGD/R.Furthermore,we found that ALDH2 dominantly suppressed dynamin-related protein 1(Drp1)phosphorylation(Ser616)and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)phosphorylation(Thr172)but not interfered with the expression levels of mitochondrial shaping proteins.CONCLUSIONS:We demonstrate the protective effect of ALDH2 against cardiomyocyte H/R injury with a novel mechanism on mitochondrial fission/fusion.

The effects of TiO_(2)crystal-plane-dependent Ir-TiO_(x)interactions on the selective hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde over Ir/TiO_(2)catalysts

Three supported Ir/TiO_(2)catalysts,containing anatase TiO_(2)nanocrystals with predominantly exposed{101},{100},and{001}planes,were subjected to various pre-treatments(H2 reduction at different temperatures and O_(2)re-oxidation)and then tested in the vapor phase selective hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde.The pre-treatments significantly altered the Ir-TiO_(x)interactions,including the morphologies and electronic properties of the Ir species and their surface acidity.These interactions were also closely related to the crystal planes of TiO_(2),which further supported the observed reaction behaviors of the various Ir/TiO_(2)catalysts.The best performance was obtained using the Ir/TiO_(2)-{101}catalyst pre-reduced at 300℃,owing to its higher Ir^(0)surface concentration and moderate surface acidity compared to the other catalysts.Moreover,these findings indicated the synergistic role of the Ir-TiO_(x)interface in the reaction,as the interfacial sites were responsible for the adsorption/activation of H_(2)and the C=O bond in the crotonaldehyde molecule.However,pre-reduction at 400℃resulted in partial encapsulation of the Ir particles by TiO_(x)via strong metal-support interactions,which is unfavorable for the catalytic reaction owing to the loss of Ir-TiO_(x)interfacial sites.

醛脱氢酶2与人类疾病的关系及其小分子激动剂研究

醛脱氢酶2(ALDH2)是人体内重要的抗氧化应激损伤因子之一,而较高比例的东亚人携带ALDH2失活突变基因。与ALDH2密切相关的疾病有很多,如心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病和肝脏疾病等。近期研究还发现ALDH2与铁死亡也有联系。正因如此,ALDH2逐渐成为上述相关疾病治疗的潜在靶点,研究者报道了其多个类型的小分子激动剂,展现出一定的应用前景。本文重点介绍ALDH2的结构、功能、与人类疾病的关系以及其激动剂的研究进展。

STUDIES ON THE WITTIG REACTION(XIII): KINETICS OF THE PTC-WITTIG REACTIONS OF 2-BUTENYL METHYL-DIPHENYLPHOSPHONIUM SALT WITH SUBSTITUTED BEN2ALDEHYDES

The kinetics of PTC-Wittig reaction between substituted aromatic aldehydes and 2-butenyl methyldiphenylphosphonium salt has been studied. The low reaction constant (ρ=0. 30) implies that these PTC-Wittig reactions take place through low polar intermediate.

2-甲酰基-1,1′-联萘手性醛催化剂的合成

目前报道的手性醛催化剂(3)的合成路线总收率较低,不适用于大量合成。通过对3的合成路线进行改进,以(S)-1,1′-联二萘酚((S)-BINOL)为原料,经磺酰化、插羰反应、偶联反应、硼化、氧化、甲氧基甲基保护、还原、氧化、脱除甲氧基甲基以及溴化10步反应合成了手性醛催化剂(3a~3i),其中大部分化合物的总收率大于20%。该合成路线可放大到10 mmol规模来进行,具有一定的应用前景。

Reduction of Aldehydes by Fe-H_2O-CO_2 System in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

1 Introduction Nowadays, green chemistry has received increased attention. The use of water and scCO2 as a solvent or reagent is an important field for organic reactions and green chemistry both in laboratory and industry.

Selective C3-alkenylation of oxindole with aldehydes using heterogeneous CeO2 catalyst

We report herein that a commercially available CeO2 is an active and reusable catalyst for the C3-selective alkenylation of oxindole with aldehydes under solvent-free conditions. This catalytic method is generally applicable to different aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, giving 3-alkyledene-oxindoles in high yields(87%–99%) and high stereoselectivities(79%–93% to E-isomers). This is the first example of the catalytic synthesis of 3-alkenyl-oxindoles from oxindole and various aliphatic aldehydes. The Lewis acid-base interaction between Lewis acid sites on CeO2 and benzaldehyde was studied by in situ IR. The structure-activity relationship study using CeO2 catalysts with different sizes suggests that defect-free CeO2 surface is the active site for this reaction.

PDA及其衍生NGC膜包覆A-TiO_(2)可见光催化氧化乙醛

针对TiO_(2)在可见光波段对连续流动态乙醛的催化降解性能弱等问题,采用贻贝仿生化学策略及高温炭化工艺构建了广谱性聚多巴胺(PDA)及其衍生N掺杂炭(NGC)膜包覆的核壳型锐钛矿TiO_(2)(AT)(AT@P和AT@C)。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见光漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)、瞬时光电流密度-时间曲线(I-t)和交流阻抗(EIS)等手段对材料的物化性质及光电学性质进行表征,研究复合AT中不同PDA包覆量及最佳包覆量时炭化前、后微观成分和结构变化对乙醛的可见光催化性能的影响。结果表明:PDA的包覆显著增强了AT的可见光吸收能力和光生载流子分离能力,极大地提高了其在可见光照下光催化降解乙醛的活性。当多巴胺添加量为50 mg时获得的AT@P-50相比AT@P-10和AT@P-100展现出较高的降解效率(71%),是AT的2.09倍。π共轭结构高活性N(石墨化N)的转化可进一步提高材料的载流子分离效率和界面迁移率,促进AT的光催化活性及稳定性的提升。最佳PDA包覆量时炭化衍生NGC包覆的AT@C-50的乙醛可见光降解效率高达77%,分别是AT和AT@P-50的2.26、1.08倍。在相同的连续流动体系和乙醛浓度条件下,合成的AT@P-x(x=10、50和100)、AT@C-50相比其他精心设计的TiO_(2)复合材料对乙醛具有更为优异的可见光催化降解性能。此外,采用原位红外漫反射技术(in-situ DRIFTS)探究AT@C-50在乙醛催化过程中间产物的演变行为,并揭示了可能的催化路径和反应机制。

乙醛脱氢酶2调控巨噬细胞M2型极化促进创面愈合

目的验证乙醛脱氢酶2(aldehyde dehydrogenase 2,ALDH2)在创面愈合中的作用并探讨其分子机制。方法构建小鼠全层皮肤切除模型,随机分为对照组和Alda-1(ALDH2激动剂)组,观察创面愈合情况并检测创面组织ALDH2活性。采用Masson染色观察创面胶原纤维含量,免疫组化染色检测ALDH2和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA)水平,免疫荧光染色检测Ⅰ型胶原(Col-Ⅰ)、Ⅲ型胶原(Col-Ⅲ)表达和F4/80^(+)、iNOS^(+)、CD206^(+)细胞数。体外实验采用白介素4(interleukin-4,IL-4)诱导RAW264.7细胞M2型极化,分别用Alda-1和ALDH2抑制剂CVT-10216处理细胞。流式细胞仪检测F4/80^(+)CD206^(+)细胞比例,酶联免疫分析测定细胞上清中促炎因子和抗炎因子水平,Western印迹法检测AKT/mTOR信号通路相关蛋白表达。结果与对照组相比,Alda-1组小鼠创面愈合率显著提高,创面的Col-Ⅰ、Col-Ⅲ及α-SMA表达增多;F4/80^(+)细胞差异无统计学意义,i NOS^(+)细胞显著减少,CD206^(+)细胞显著增多。体外实验结果显示,与IL-4组相比,IL-4^(+)Alda-1组F4/80^(+)CD206^(+)细胞比例、抗炎因子和p-AKT、p-m TOR蛋白表达显著升高,促炎因子表达降低;IL-4^(+)CVT-10216组F4/80^(+)CD206^(+)细胞比例、抗炎因子和p-AKT、p-mTOR蛋白表达显著降低,促炎因子表达升高。结论ALDH2通过AKT/mTOR通路诱导巨噬细胞M2型极化,促进小鼠创面愈合。

ADH1B与ALDH2在胃癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨乙醇脱氢酶1B(alcohol dehydrogenase 1B,ADH1B)与乙醛脱氢酶2(aldehyde dehydrogenase 2,ALDH2)在胃癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法选取2017年05月至2019年10月期间在滁州市第一人民医院接受根治性切除的132例胃癌患者为研究对象,通过免疫组织化学染色(Immunohistochemistry,IHC)检测ADH1B与ALDH2在胃癌及癌旁组织中的表达。分析ADH1B、ALDH2表达与患者临床病理特征的关系,采用Kaplan-Meier曲线评估两者表达在胃癌中的预后价值。单、多变量Cox回归分析用于确定胃癌患者的独立预后因素。结果对132例组织样本的IHC分析显示ADH1B(41.5%vs 58.5%,χ^(2)=9.594,P=0.002)与ALDH2(38.8%vs 61.2%,χ^(2)=16.716,P<0.001)在胃癌组织中的阳性表达率显著低于其癌旁组织。与高表达组相比,ADH1B低表达在T_(3)-T_(4)期(χ^(2)=5.572,P=0.018)、pTNMⅢ期肿瘤(χ^(2)=4.675,P=0.031)中更为常见,淋巴血管侵犯率更高(χ^(2)=4.566,P=0.033)。ALDH2在低分化癌(χ^(2)=4.261,P=0.039)和pTNMⅢ期胃癌(χ^(2)=5.877,P=0.015)中表达更低,淋巴结转移率(χ^(2)=5.491,P=0.019)较高表达者更为频繁。生存分析表明ADH1B与ALDH2低表达是胃癌患者预后不良的标志。ADH1B低、高表达患者的3年总体生存(Overall survival,OS)率分别为52.3%和73.9%(χ^(2)=6.900,P=0.009),ALDH2低、高表达患者的3年OS率分别为49.8%和74.4%(χ^(2)=8.665,P=0.003)。ADH1B(HR=2.115,95%CI:1.133-3.946,P=0.019)与ALDH2低表达(HR=2.296,95%CI:1.207-4.367,P=0.011)是胃癌患者的独立预后因素。结论ADH1B与ALDH2在胃癌组织中呈明显低表达,两者可能是预测肿瘤进展与患者预后的分子标志物。

Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-1,4-benzodioxane-6-aldehyde—The Key Intermediate of Sinaiticin

2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-1,4-benzodioxane-6-aldehyde 8,the key intermediate of sinaiticin 10,was synthesized in 6 step from caffeic acid 4 and 4- hydroxybenzsaldehyde 1.the coupling reaction is the key step.