Fermented forages are important feedstuffs. Bacillus subtilis inoculants are often used to improve the value of forage legume fermentation. The present work was conducted to study the effects of replacing soybean meal...Fermented forages are important feedstuffs. Bacillus subtilis inoculants are often used to improve the value of forage legume fermentation. The present work was conducted to study the effects of replacing soybean meal with solid-state fermented alfalfa meal（FAM） with B. subtilis ACCC 01746 on growth performance, serum antioxidant and digestive enzyme activities, and cecal microflora in goose. 300 healthy geese with similar body weights were randomly assigned to six treatment groups with five replicates of 10 geese（five males and five females） each. Geese were fed ad libitum for 35 days. Results showed that the geese fed with 4 and 8% FAM exhibited no significant effects on their final body weights（FBW） and average day gain（ADG）（P〉0.05）, whereas 12% or higher FAM caused poor growth of the geese compared with control diet（linear（L）： P〈0.05）. The average daily feed intake（ADFI）（quadratic（Q）： P〈0.05） and feed conversion ratio（FCR）（L： P〈0.05） with 8% or higher supplementation level were higher than those of the control group. The activities of antioxidant enzyme in serum increased, and the level of malondialdehyde（MDA） significantly decreased with increasing dietary FAM level（L： P〈0.05）. However, no significant differences were observed at 8% or lower supplementation level for glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px） and superoxide dismutase（SOD）（P〉0.05） and at 4% for catalase（CAT） supplementation level compared with the control group. All diets containing FAM increased digestive enzyme activities in geese. However, geese fed diets with 12% FAM supplementation showed the highest trypsin activities in pancreas（Q： P〈0.05）. Supplementation with 12% or higher FAM significantly increased amylase activities in pancreas（L： P〈0.05） and duodenum（L： P〈0.05） compared with the control group. Significant differences were not observed in total anaerobic bacteria between geese fed with FAM and control diets on day 35（P〉0.05）. The numbers of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the cecum of geese fed with FAM significantly increased（L： P〈0.05）, but no significant effects were found with 4 and 8% FAM supplementation levels compared with the control（P〉0.05）. By contrast, the coliform counts of cecum decreased with increasing inclusion of FAM, but these counts were significantly reduced in geese fed diets with 12% or higher FAM supplementation level（L： P〈0.05）. Collectively, our results indicated that supplementation of the basal geese diet with 8% FAM had no apparent adverse effects on growth performance, serum antioxidant enzyme activities, and digestive parameters and beneficial microbiota.展开更多
The effect of different cold plasma treatments on the germination and seedling growth of alfalfa（Medicago sativa L.） seeds under simulated drought stress conditions was investigated.Polyethyleneglycol-6000（PEG 6000...The effect of different cold plasma treatments on the germination and seedling growth of alfalfa（Medicago sativa L.） seeds under simulated drought stress conditions was investigated.Polyethyleneglycol-6000（PEG 6000）with the mass fraction of 0%（purified water）, 5%, 10%,and 15% were applied to simulate the drought environment. The alfalfa seeds were treated with15 different power levels ranged between 0–280 W for 15 s. The germination potential,germination rate, germination index, seedling root length, seedling height, and vigor index were investigated. Results indicated significant differences between treated with proper power and untreated alfalfa seeds. With the increase of treatment power, these indexes mentioned above almost presented bimodal curves. Under the different mass fractions of PEG 6000, results showed that the lower power led to increased germination, and the seedlings presented good adaptability to different drought conditions. Meanwhile, higher power levels resulted in a decreased germination rate. Seeds treated with 40 W resulted in higher germination potential,germination rate, seedling height, root length, and vigor index. Vigor indexes of the treated seeds under different PEG 6000 stresses increased by 38.68%, 43.91%, 74.34%, and 39.20%respectively compared to CK_（0-0）, CK_（5-0）, CK_（10-0）, and CK_（15-0）（the control sample under 0%, 5%,10%, and 15% PEG 6000）. Therefore, 40 W was regarded as the best treatment in this research.Although the trend indexes of alfalfa seeds treated with the same power were statistically the same under different PEG 6000 stresses, the cold plasma treatment had a significant effect on the adaptability of alfalfa seeds in different drought environments. Thus, this kind of treatment is worth implementing to promote seed growth under drought situations.展开更多
In order to select the suitable alfalfa varieties for the shade areas in vineyard of Northwest, four shasing treatments Ro, R1 , R2, R3 （ full light, 60% of full light, 30% of full light, 10% of full light） were set...In order to select the suitable alfalfa varieties for the shade areas in vineyard of Northwest, four shasing treatments Ro, R1 , R2, R3 （ full light, 60% of full light, 30% of full light, 10% of full light） were set in the experiment to study the growth and physiological characteristics of seven domestic and foreign alfalfa varieties. The results showed that there was a big difference in height of alfalfa among cuhivars under shading; leaf area, leaf dry weight and leaf number reduced significantly with the decrease of light intensity （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; relative growth ratio, soluble sugar content, chlorophyll a/h decreased with the increase of shading in- tensity. The first harvest yield decreased significantly with the increasing shading intensity, AmeriStand and Queen declined less than others. In summary, the suit- able alfalfa cultivars for plantation were Queen, Alfalfa and AmeriStand in the northwest area where the habitat was similar with the habitat of experimental site, but due to the relativity of shading ability, the shading intensity could not exceed 50%.展开更多
Alfalfa is widely grown and is one of the most important forage crops in the world, but its growth and biomass production are markedly reduced under salt and drought stress, particularly during the early seedling stag...Alfalfa is widely grown and is one of the most important forage crops in the world, but its growth and biomass production are markedly reduced under salt and drought stress, particularly during the early seedling stage. To identify the mechanisms behind salt and drought responsiveness at the alfalfa seedling stage, the proteins expressed were analyzed under no-treatment, 200 mol L–1 Na Cl and 180 g L–1 PEG treatment conditions during the seedling stage. Out of more than 800 protein spots detected on two-dimensional electrophoresis（2-DE） g els, 35 proteins showed statistically significant responses（P〈0.05） to Na Cl and PEG stress, which were selected for tandem mass spectrometric identification, owing to their good resolution and abundance levels, and 32 proteins were positively identified. The identified proteins were divided into seven functional categories： photosynthetic metabolism, protein biosynthesis, folding and assembly, carbohydrate metabolism-associated proteins, stress defense related protein, metabolism of nucleic acid, other function categories and unknown proteins. Our results suggested that these proteins may play roles in alfalfa adaptation to salt and drought stress. Further study of these proteins will provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of abiotic stress and the discovery of new candidate markers in alfalfa.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted on the effects of veterinary antibiotics on pasture growth.[Methods]With alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) as an experimental material and oxytetracycline,chlortetracycline and enroflo...[Objectives]This study was conducted on the effects of veterinary antibiotics on pasture growth.[Methods]With alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) as an experimental material and oxytetracycline,chlortetracycline and enrofloxacin as experimental contaminants,the effects of the three veterinary antibiotics on the germination percentage,germination energy,germination index and vigor index of alfalfa seeds and on the plant height and root length of alfalfa seedlings were study at the concentration gradient of 50,100,150,200 and 250 mg/L,respectively.[Results]The oxytetracycline treatments had no significant effect on the germination percentage of alfalfa seeds,but promoted its germination index.The chlortetracycline treatment solutions and enrofloxacin treatment solutions promoted the germination percentage,germination energy and germination index of alfalfa.The three antibiotics significantly inhibited the vigor index of alfalfa seeds,and had significant inhibitory effects on root length and plant height.[Conclusions]These results provide an important basis for studying the ecotoxicity of veterinary antibiotics on pasture.展开更多
基金supported by the grant agreement from Henan Provincial Natural Science Fund Committee,China(132102110026)the Gushi Sanmu farming Co.,Ltd.,Henan Province,China
文摘Fermented forages are important feedstuffs. Bacillus subtilis inoculants are often used to improve the value of forage legume fermentation. The present work was conducted to study the effects of replacing soybean meal with solid-state fermented alfalfa meal（FAM） with B. subtilis ACCC 01746 on growth performance, serum antioxidant and digestive enzyme activities, and cecal microflora in goose. 300 healthy geese with similar body weights were randomly assigned to six treatment groups with five replicates of 10 geese（five males and five females） each. Geese were fed ad libitum for 35 days. Results showed that the geese fed with 4 and 8% FAM exhibited no significant effects on their final body weights（FBW） and average day gain（ADG）（P〉0.05）, whereas 12% or higher FAM caused poor growth of the geese compared with control diet（linear（L）： P〈0.05）. The average daily feed intake（ADFI）（quadratic（Q）： P〈0.05） and feed conversion ratio（FCR）（L： P〈0.05） with 8% or higher supplementation level were higher than those of the control group. The activities of antioxidant enzyme in serum increased, and the level of malondialdehyde（MDA） significantly decreased with increasing dietary FAM level（L： P〈0.05）. However, no significant differences were observed at 8% or lower supplementation level for glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px） and superoxide dismutase（SOD）（P〉0.05） and at 4% for catalase（CAT） supplementation level compared with the control group. All diets containing FAM increased digestive enzyme activities in geese. However, geese fed diets with 12% FAM supplementation showed the highest trypsin activities in pancreas（Q： P〈0.05）. Supplementation with 12% or higher FAM significantly increased amylase activities in pancreas（L： P〈0.05） and duodenum（L： P〈0.05） compared with the control group. Significant differences were not observed in total anaerobic bacteria between geese fed with FAM and control diets on day 35（P〉0.05）. The numbers of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the cecum of geese fed with FAM significantly increased（L： P〈0.05）, but no significant effects were found with 4 and 8% FAM supplementation levels compared with the control（P〉0.05）. By contrast, the coliform counts of cecum decreased with increasing inclusion of FAM, but these counts were significantly reduced in geese fed diets with 12% or higher FAM supplementation level（L： P〈0.05）. Collectively, our results indicated that supplementation of the basal geese diet with 8% FAM had no apparent adverse effects on growth performance, serum antioxidant enzyme activities, and digestive parameters and beneficial microbiota.
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System(CARS-34)
文摘The effect of different cold plasma treatments on the germination and seedling growth of alfalfa（Medicago sativa L.） seeds under simulated drought stress conditions was investigated.Polyethyleneglycol-6000（PEG 6000）with the mass fraction of 0%（purified water）, 5%, 10%,and 15% were applied to simulate the drought environment. The alfalfa seeds were treated with15 different power levels ranged between 0–280 W for 15 s. The germination potential,germination rate, germination index, seedling root length, seedling height, and vigor index were investigated. Results indicated significant differences between treated with proper power and untreated alfalfa seeds. With the increase of treatment power, these indexes mentioned above almost presented bimodal curves. Under the different mass fractions of PEG 6000, results showed that the lower power led to increased germination, and the seedlings presented good adaptability to different drought conditions. Meanwhile, higher power levels resulted in a decreased germination rate. Seeds treated with 40 W resulted in higher germination potential,germination rate, seedling height, root length, and vigor index. Vigor indexes of the treated seeds under different PEG 6000 stresses increased by 38.68%, 43.91%, 74.34%, and 39.20%respectively compared to CK_（0-0）, CK_（5-0）, CK_（10-0）, and CK_（15-0）（the control sample under 0%, 5%,10%, and 15% PEG 6000）. Therefore, 40 W was regarded as the best treatment in this research.Although the trend indexes of alfalfa seeds treated with the same power were statistically the same under different PEG 6000 stresses, the cold plasma treatment had a significant effect on the adaptability of alfalfa seeds in different drought environments. Thus, this kind of treatment is worth implementing to promote seed growth under drought situations.
基金Supported by GMKY 2014-12&GKG 1598006-3-12&GKG 15248003-21
文摘In order to select the suitable alfalfa varieties for the shade areas in vineyard of Northwest, four shasing treatments Ro, R1 , R2, R3 （ full light, 60% of full light, 30% of full light, 10% of full light） were set in the experiment to study the growth and physiological characteristics of seven domestic and foreign alfalfa varieties. The results showed that there was a big difference in height of alfalfa among cuhivars under shading; leaf area, leaf dry weight and leaf number reduced significantly with the decrease of light intensity （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; relative growth ratio, soluble sugar content, chlorophyll a/h decreased with the increase of shading in- tensity. The first harvest yield decreased significantly with the increasing shading intensity, AmeriStand and Queen declined less than others. In summary, the suit- able alfalfa cultivars for plantation were Queen, Alfalfa and AmeriStand in the northwest area where the habitat was similar with the habitat of experimental site, but due to the relativity of shading ability, the shading intensity could not exceed 50%.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (2014CB138703-2)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31472139)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ASTIPIAS14)
文摘Alfalfa is widely grown and is one of the most important forage crops in the world, but its growth and biomass production are markedly reduced under salt and drought stress, particularly during the early seedling stage. To identify the mechanisms behind salt and drought responsiveness at the alfalfa seedling stage, the proteins expressed were analyzed under no-treatment, 200 mol L–1 Na Cl and 180 g L–1 PEG treatment conditions during the seedling stage. Out of more than 800 protein spots detected on two-dimensional electrophoresis（2-DE） g els, 35 proteins showed statistically significant responses（P〈0.05） to Na Cl and PEG stress, which were selected for tandem mass spectrometric identification, owing to their good resolution and abundance levels, and 32 proteins were positively identified. The identified proteins were divided into seven functional categories： photosynthetic metabolism, protein biosynthesis, folding and assembly, carbohydrate metabolism-associated proteins, stress defense related protein, metabolism of nucleic acid, other function categories and unknown proteins. Our results suggested that these proteins may play roles in alfalfa adaptation to salt and drought stress. Further study of these proteins will provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of abiotic stress and the discovery of new candidate markers in alfalfa.
基金Supported by Higher Education of Changchun Normal University([2018]53)
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted on the effects of veterinary antibiotics on pasture growth.[Methods]With alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) as an experimental material and oxytetracycline,chlortetracycline and enrofloxacin as experimental contaminants,the effects of the three veterinary antibiotics on the germination percentage,germination energy,germination index and vigor index of alfalfa seeds and on the plant height and root length of alfalfa seedlings were study at the concentration gradient of 50,100,150,200 and 250 mg/L,respectively.[Results]The oxytetracycline treatments had no significant effect on the germination percentage of alfalfa seeds,but promoted its germination index.The chlortetracycline treatment solutions and enrofloxacin treatment solutions promoted the germination percentage,germination energy and germination index of alfalfa.The three antibiotics significantly inhibited the vigor index of alfalfa seeds,and had significant inhibitory effects on root length and plant height.[Conclusions]These results provide an important basis for studying the ecotoxicity of veterinary antibiotics on pasture.
