Identification of an Algae-lysing Bacterium of Anabaena flosaquae and Primary Research on Their Relationship

[Objective] The aim was to explore the relationship between alage-lysing bacterium and Anabaena flosaquae so as to provide reference for the control of bloom. [Method] An algae-lysing bacterium strain named S7 was isolated from eu- trophic river. The lyric efficiency and performing mode of S7 strain to Anabaena flos- aquae was studied. Influence of different environmental factors and the relationship between S7 strain and Anabaena flosaquae was also studied, and then the bacteri- um strain was physiologically identified. [Result] More than 90% of Anabaena flos- aquae had been removed by 7 d when the volume ratio of medium to algae solu- tion was 30%, the pH was 9 and the temperature was 35 ℃. These results also showed that a mutual inhibit relationship existed between S7 strain and Anabaena flos-aquae. The S7 strain killed the algae by indirectly through certain lyric agents in absence of direct contact with the target but by secreting metabolites. Moreover, these lyric agents also had the thermostability. 16SrDNA sequence analysis showed that S7 strain belonged to Chryseobacterium sp. [Conclusion] The examined Poly-p proved that S7 strain is polyphosphate accumulating bacteria （PAOs） and has better lyric efficiency.

Preliminary Study on Algae-lysing Active Substances of Algae-lysing Bacteria

Algae-lysing bacteria A1 has good control effect on the moss through its extracellular secretion. In order to further study its control mechanism, the sin- gle-factor tests of temperature and pH value, the activated carbon adsorption test, the organic solvent extraction test and the crude extract of active substance test were carried out to explore the characteristics of active substances. The results showed that the algae-lysing active ingredient of A1 strain had strong thermal stabili- ty, which still had good algae-lysing effect after being treated at 121 ℃ ; when the pH values of fermentation liquid were adjusted to 2.0 and 4.0 respectively, the active substances lost their activities, but their control ability against moss would be enhanced under the alkaline conditions ; the active substances could not be ad- sorbed by activated carbon; the algae-lysing active substances showed strong hydrophilie ability when they were extracted by ethyl acetate, petroleum ether and chloroform. Therefore, it could be speculated that the active substances belonged to carbohydrates. The crude extract results of algae-lysing active substances showed that the active substances secreted by A1 strain were composed by a variety of algae-lysing active substances.

Isolation and algae-lysing characteristics of the algicidal bacterium B5

Water blooms have become a worldwide environmental problem. Recently, algicidal bacteria have attracted wide attention as possible agents for inhibiting algal water blooms. In this study, one strain of algicidal bacterium B5 was isolated from activated sludge. On the basis of analysis of its physiological characteristics and 16S rDNA gene sequence, it was identified as Bacillusfusiformis. Its algaelysing characteristics on Microcystis aeruginosa, Chlorella and Scenedesmus were tested. The results showed that： （1） the algicidal bacterium B5 is a Gram-negative bacterium. The 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence homology of strain B5 with 2 strains of B. fusiformis reached 99.86%, so B5 was identified as B. fusiformis; （2） the algal-lysing effects of the algicidal bacterium B5 on M. aeruginosa, Chlorella and Scenedesrnus were pronounced. The initial bacterial and algal cell densities strongly influence the removal rates of chlorophyll-a. The greater the initial bacterial cell density, the faster the degradation of chlorophyll-a. The greater the initial algal cell density, the slower the degradation of chlorophyll-a. When the bacterial cell density was 3.6 × 10^7 cells/ml, nearly 90% of chlorophyll-a was removed. When the chlorophyll-a concentration was less than 550 μg/L, about 70% was removed; （3） the strain B5 lysed algae by secreting metabolites and these metabolites could bear heat treatment.

溶藻细菌YZ对铜绿微囊藻的溶藻特性研究

为了进一步研究本实验室前期从青岛一池塘分离出的溶藻细菌YZ的溶藻效应.考察了不同量的YZ无菌滤液对铜绿微囊藻生长量、叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性、PSⅡ实际光能转化效率、最大相对电子传递效率、光能利用效率的影响.结果表明,在一定范围内,YZ溶藻效果与加入的无菌滤液的量成正比.当100mL中加入超过10mL的基础柠檬酸培养基时,铜绿微囊藻的生长即受到抑制.YZ无菌滤液使其丙二醛含量显著上升,微藻的SOD活力在处理6,72h时显著上升,溶藻细菌YZ滤液可以在72h内使藻细胞的PSⅡ实际光能转化效率、最大相对电子传递效率、光能利用效率等显著下降.YZ无菌滤液主要是通过降低保护酶活性、加大膜脂过氧化、显著抑制光合能力,起到对铜绿微囊藻的溶解作用。

Isolation and Characterization of an Algicidal Bacterium Indigenous to Lake Taihu with a Red Pigment able to Lyse Microcystis aeruginosa

Objective To isolate and characterize indigenous algicidal bacteria and their algae-lysing compounds active against Microcystis aeruginosa, strains TH1, TH2, and FACHB 905. Methods The bacteria were identified using the Biolog automated microbial identification system and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The algae-lysing compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Their structures were confirmed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance （NMR） and Fourier Transform infrared （FT-IR） spectroscopy. Algae-lysing activity was observed using microscopy. Results The algae-lysing bacterium LTH-2 isolated from Lake Taihu was identified as Serratia marcescens. Strain LTH-2 secreted a red pigment identified as prodigiosin （C20H25N30）, which showed strong lytic activity with algal strains M. aeruginoso TH1, TH2, and FACHB 905 in a concentration-dependent manner. The 50% inhibitory concentration （ICs0） of prodigiosin with the algal strains was 4.8 （±0.4）×10^-2 μg/mL, 8.9 （±1.1）×10^-2μg/mL, and 1.7 （±0.1）×10^-1 μg/mL in 24 h, respectively. Conclusion The bacterium LTH-2 and its pigment related to damage of cell membranes. The bacterium for regulating blooms of harmful M. aeruginosa. had strong Microcystis-lysing activity probably LTH-2 and its red pigment are potentially useful