Investigation and Hazard Assessment of Invasive Alien Plants on the Campus of Tongren University

[Objectives]The paper was to investigate and assess the species,distribution and hazard status of invasive alien plants on the campus of Tongren University.[Methods]A survey was conducted using line survey method,and the risk assessment index system of invasive alien plants was established by analytic hierarchy process(AHP).[Results]There were 11 species of invasive alien plants on the campus of Tongren University,belonging to 8 genera and 5 families.There were 6 species of invasive alien plants belonging to Asteraceae,accounting for 54.55%of the total.In terms of the origin of invasive plants,most of them were native to North America and Europe,accounting for 27.27%of the total.In terms of harmful level,there were no high-risk invasive plants on the campus of Tongren University,but Alternanthera philoxeroides had the highest score and was the most harmful.[Conclusions]The present situation of alien plant invasion on the campus of Tongren University is closely related to the ecological environment of the campus.It is suggested to strengthen the management of campus plants,focus on the prevention and control of A.philoxeroides,and carry out regular investigation of invasive alien plants on campus to ensure the ecological safety of the campus.

A risk assessment system for alien plant bio-invasion in Xiamen,China

Bio-invasion has caused serious ecosystem damage and enormous economic losses in China,and it has been the greatest factor to island bio-diversity reduction.Xiamen,as an important seaport with a relatively high conservation value,is particularly vulnerable to bio-invasion for its typical island ecosystem as well as frequent human-made disturbance.As a result of field surveys,literature review, and consultation with experts,a list of 67 alien plants identified as major invaders(12 species)and emerging invade...

Status, Impact and Management of Certain Alien Plant Pests Proven to Be Invasive to Thailand＇s Ecology

Introduction of foreign plants and animals into Thailand＇s ecology has a long history, some arrived accidentally and others had a purpose. As global commerce increases, the issue of invasive alien species has become more urgent in Thailand. These agents are increasingly seen as a threat not only to biodiversity and ecosystem, but also to economic development and human well-being. They reduce yields of agricultural crops, forests and fisheries, decrease water availability, cause costly land degradation, block transport routes and contribute to the spread of disease. It is clear that since trade will not stop, dangerous alien species need to be controlled and managed and the strategies and control measures are to prevent, eradicate, contain, or effectively control the invaders. Implementation of these measures requires appropriate legislation, regulation and procedures. The impact of some invasive alien pests and their management on the agricultural sector of Thailand are presented.

Monitoring River Restoration Efforts: Do Invasive Alien Plants Endanger the Success? A Case Study of the Traisen River

River restoration activities are challenging for the native vegetation and the colonization process. The development of invasive alien plant species (IAS) as well as the development of the pioneer vegetation cover and seed bank were observed in one year prior to construction of a new river bed and within the first two years after construction, along the downstream section of the river Traisen in Austria. One year after completion of the new river channel, the occurrence of IAS above ground decreased while the occurrence of target species increased. Furthermore, no seeds of IAS were detected in the new river bed as a result of proper management of soil movement. Despite the positive impact on the abundance of IAS, the restoration project of the river Traisen shows that the fact that such a restoration activity is a disturbance event must be taken into consideration already during the planning process. Supporting the competitiveness of native plant species is an important tool for reducing the danger of establishment of invasive alien species.

Investigation and Analysis of Alien Plants in the Scenic Spot Chengbi Lake

A comprehensive survey and analysis of alien invasive plants at the scenic spot Chengbi Lake was conducted by combining route investigation with interviews and quadrat sampling.There were 21 families,33 genera and 42 species in the scenic spot Chengbi Lake.Among them,herbal plants accounted for 69%.The Compositae and Amaranthaceae families were the most frequent,represented by 18 species in total;and 36 species of these alien invasive plants originated from America,accounting for 85.7% of the total.Fifty-seven percent of the species were introduced as ornamental plants.Seven of them were severely harmful,including Wedelia trilobata,Eupatorium odoratum,Lantana camara,Mirabilis jalapa,Solanum erianthum,Ipomoea cairica and Alternanthera philoxeroides.Strategies to increase defensive awareness,reinforce ecological protection,regulate species introduction and improve supervision mechanisms are discussed.

Diversity, Invasion Status and Usages of Alien Plant Species in Northeastern Hilly State of Tripura: A Confluence of Indo-Barman Hotspot

The present study has explored the first authentic catalogue of the alien flora of the foot Himalayan hilly region along with their diversity, uses, various ecological aspects and invasion status. Environmentally similar south and tropical American aliens are higher in numbers in this region. A total of 216 plant species under 158 genera belonging to 58 families have been compiled in this catalogue. This alien flora occupies ~14.5% of the state flora, while 3.47% is invasive. Families having a large number of alien species are Asteraceae followed by Caesalpiniaceae and Solanaceae. Most of the alien species (61.57%) are of American origin followed by Asia (15.28%) and African continent (12.04%). Life form analysis shows that herbs (42.6%) are dominated alien. Among all the aliens, 67 species are used as ornamental plant, followed by 50 medicinally useful plants. In the state neutralized aliens are (36.57%) followed by invasive alien (24.07%). The present study also reports five alien species for the first time from the study site. This base line study would be the foundation for further advance studies on the invasion ecology and for the future assessment and management of invasive species in this biodiversity rich zone. Present work obviously helps in the agricultural sector of the state as well as the country and gives a clue for further introduction of new species in the country.

Impacts of road on plant invasions in the Middle Mountain region of central Nepal

Biological invasion is triggered by human development activities such as the construction and expansion of road networks.Road verges serve as important habitats and corridors for the distribution of invasive alien plant species(IAPS)between geographically distant habitats.However,the trajectory of plant invasion and the data regarding the impact of roads on IAPS distribution are relatively poor in Nepal.Here,we surveyed two road types(main roads and feeder road)in the Middle Mountain region of central Nepal in order to investigate how different road types are driving the dispersal of IAPS along road verges and the adjacent natural habitats.Systematic sampling was conducted at ca 2.5 km intervals along the roads.At each sampling site,paired plots(25 m×4 m)were sampled:one adjacent to and along the road,and another 20 m away and parallel to it in the interior habitat.Our results revealed that the main road verges had a higher cover(33%)and a larger number of IAPS(14 species)than the feeder road(25%;10 species).The IAPS cover and richness were significantly higher along verges than in the adjacent interior habitats for both road types,indicating that roads are contributing as corridors for the dispersal of IAPS in the Middle Mountain areas of central Nepal.Further,elevation,tree canopy,and disturbances(grazing/mowing/trampling)were found to be the key factors that determine spatial distribution of IAPS along road verges.We emphasize that regular monitoring of vegetation along the road verges can help with the early detection and control of potential IAPS in the region before they become problematic.

Species and Distribution Characteristics of Alien Invasive Plants in Garden Greenbelt of Shijiazhuang City

[Objectives]The paper was to investigate the garden greenbelt in 30 sample plots such as parks,roads,communities,etc.in Shijiazhuang City.[Methods]The species,abundance and frequency of weeds in the greenbelt of public gardens were recorded through point-line-surface investigation,and typical plants were sampled.[Results]There were 56 species of alien invasive plants in garden greenbelts of Shijiazhuang City,belonging to 44 genera and 20 families.In terms of life form,herbaceous plants were absolutely dominant,accounting for 92.8%of the total.The most alien invasive plants were native to America,accounting for 66.1%of the total.In terms of introduction path,the plants introduced artificially and unintentionally accounted for almost half.The species and quantity of alien invasive plants were related to the size of greenbelt area,the length of the build time of the surveyed plot,the composition structure of greenbelt and the level of green management and protection.There was larger distribution of alien invasive plants in the sample plots with large greenbelt area,long build time,herbaceous-dominated greenbelt and low level of green management and protection.Among the 56 alien invasive plants,3 plants were toxic.From the perspective of invasiveness,the alien invasive plants in the garden greenbelt of Shijiazhuang City could be divided into 5 levels:invasive alien species of malignant consequences,invasive alien species of severe consequences,invasive alien species of partial consequences,invasive alien species of average consequences,and invasive alien species to be observed.[Conclusions]This study will provide a reference for the prevention and control of alien plant invasion,and lay a foundation for the prevention and control of existing invasive plants.

Investigation and Risk Assessment of Alien Invasive Plants in Riparian Zone of Dongjiang River

[Objective] The aim was to conduct investigation and risk assessment of the alien invasive plants in riparian zone of Dongjiang River.[Method] The field survey was carried out by the combination methods of sampling plots investigation and route survey,and the whole Dongjiang River was covered.52 sampling points were set in the main streams,and 87 sampling points in tributaries streams,624 quadrats were set in total;multi-index comprehensive evaluation method was adopted for the risk assessment with 6 first-level indexes and 25 second-level indexes.[Result] Through the investigation on the riparian zone of Dongjiang River for 2 years,51 species of alien invasive plants were found,belonging to 17 families and 38 genera.The risk level assessment results of these 51 species showed that 18 species,such as Ageratum conyzoides,belonged to high-level risk with over 60 points;26 species,such as Chenopodium ambrosioides,were between 30 and 60 points which belonged to middle-level risk;7 species,such as Paspalum dilatatum,with less than 30 points belonged to low-level risk.[Conclusion] Basic data on the protection,water environmental management and functional zoning of riparian zone of Dongjiang River were provided.

A Study on Alien Invasive Plants from the Interactive Mechanism between Species Niche and Material/Energy Flow

[Objective]This study was to reveal the essence of mechanism about how the alien invasive plants spread.[Method]Species niche and material/energy flow were used as basic research indicators to analyze the intrinsic mechanism of alien plants invasion.[Result]Most of the invasive plants have not been explicitly defined and their effective control methods not brought forward.[Conclusion]Overrun of alien invasive plants depends on whether the niche of a species could be continuously met at spatial level.Based on this we put forward corresponding control measures,proposed an assumption to establish a cylinder-network model and discussed the definition of alien invasive plants.

Development of a mathematical model to evaluate the rate of aggregate risk of invasive alien plant species： Fuzzy risk assessment approach

This study presents a novel approach to evaluate the rate of aggregate risk of Invasive Alien Plant Species. Using risk values and grade of importance of weights of risk factors which may reflect invasiveness of plant species are considered. We use Linguistic Ordered Weighted Averaging operator to evaluate the grade of important of weights. Since the risk values and important weights are identified from two different linguistic term sets, fuzzy set theory techniques were used to combine the two sets. The rates obtained from the model were compared with NRA risk levels and the model was validated with data from known and non-invasive species. The model is improved by weighting the risk values of risk factors. The improved model produced significant results and resulted a better tracking system for identifying potential invaders than the conventional risk assessment.

Survey and Analysis on Alien Invasive Plants of Jinziling Scenic Spot in Pingle County

According to the field survey of alien invasive plants of Jinziling,there were 23 kinds of alien invasive plants in the scenic spot.Species with the comprehensive dominance degree higher than 10% were as follows: six kinds of Asteraceae: Bidens pilosa,Aster subulatus,Ageratum conyzoides,Conyzai canadens,Parthenium hysterophorus,and Conyza sumatrensis; two kinds of Gramineae: Axonopus compressu,Eleusine indica; two kinds of convolvere: Ipomoea nil,Ipomoea purpurea; two kinds of Fabaceae: Cassiae tora,Medicago hispida; one kind of Verbenaceae: Lantana camara; one kind of Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia hirta.In total,there were 14 kinds of alien invasive plants.In this survey,the dominant species of invasive plants were obtained by statistical analysis of the composition and distribution of the invasive plants,and the invasion trend was predicted,so as to take effective and economical management and control measures.

云南九大高原湖泊湖滨带入侵植物物种组成与分布特征

湖滨带植物多样性是湖滨带生态系统维持稳定的关键,入侵植物的出现破坏湖滨带生态平衡,对湖滨带生态安全造成威胁。为揭示云南九大高原湖泊湖滨带入侵植物组成与分布特征,基于文献报道及野外踏查,整理得到云南九大高原湖泊湖滨带外来入侵植物名录,并对其种类组成、原产地、生活型、分布特征、区系类型、繁殖特征进行了分析。结果显示,云南九大高原湖泊湖滨带有外来入侵植物64种,隶属于23科52属。从种类组成上看,外来入侵植物多为菊科(Asteraceae)和苋科(Amaranthaceae);从分布特征上看,滇池湖滨带入侵植物分布最多,泸沽湖湖滨带入侵植物分布最少;从原产地上看,超过50%的入侵植物来自美洲;从生活型上看,外来入侵植物几乎均为草本植物,且以一年生草本植物居多;从物种分布上看,白车轴草Trifolium repens、凤眼莲Eichhornia crassipes、土荆芥Dysphania ambrosioides、喜旱莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides分布最广;从区系类型上看,九大高原湖泊湖滨带外来入侵植物科和属的区系类型均具有明显的广布与泛热带分布特征;从繁殖特征上看,外来入侵植物花期集中于7-10月,果实类型多为被毛瘦果。研究表明,云南九大高原湖泊湖滨带入侵植物较为多样,与同区域数据比对后发现九大高原湖泊湖滨带入侵植物种数有所增加。不同湖滨带入侵植物种数的差异可能与海拔、温度和周边人口数量有关,较高的海拔,较低的年均温以及较少的周边人口数量都有利于减少湖滨带入侵植物种数。研究结果将为高原湖泊湖滨带生态系统风险评估和防控部署提供理论基础。

杭州西湖风景名胜区陆生维管植物物种多样性现状与分析

2020年至2022年对杭州西湖风景名胜区内的陆生维管植物进行了调查。通过对历史文献的收集和对本次调查结果的评析,共记录陆生维管植物1223种(含种下单位),隶属156科,610属。记录区域内新增野生或逸生植物15种,并对65种植物在区域内的现存提出质疑;同时对物种的科属组成、生活型组成、珍稀濒危植物现状及外来植物进行了分析;本次调查到珍稀植物14种,记录具潜在风险的外来植物34种,其中新增7种;最后对景区的植物多样性保护提出了合理建议。

济宁市外来入侵植物的区系成分及多样性分析

为弄清济宁市外来入侵植物的区系成分及多样性成因,减少外来入侵植物对济宁市生物多样性的影响提供理论依据。在已知济宁市外来入侵植物种类组成的基础上,通过实地调查对其科、属、种的分布区类型进行了分析,探讨了外来入侵植物多样性的成因。结果表明:在区系组成上,济宁市外来入侵植物的热带性成分占绝对优势,其比例在科、属、种水平上分别为83.33%、52.55%和53.61%。入侵种所在科、属,常广域分布,但入侵种原产地分布范围却不大,并倾向于集中在某些特定区域(如美洲、狭义地中海区)。

基于机器学习的外来入侵植物叶片图像识别方法

为了有效避免外来入侵植物打破当地植物自身的生长环境,提出一种基于机器学习的外来入侵植物叶片图像识别方法.通过基于指数变量的自适应扩张图像滤波算法对外来入侵植物叶片图像滤波处理.构建金字塔卷积网络,提取轮廓纹理特征并且融合,采用softmax函数获取最终的外来入侵植物叶片图像识别结果.通过实验测试证明,所提方法可以有效降低外来入侵植物叶片图像识别时间,提升识别结果准确性,同时所提方法可以在各种应用场景中提供高效、准确的图像处理和识别能力.

福州琅岐岛不同林下外来植物入侵对比研究

外来植物入侵严重威胁海岛生物和生态安全。为探究琅岐岛台湾相思、朴树、柠檬桉林下草本层外来入侵植物的入侵状况及其与本地植物的种间关系,采用α多样性、生态位、种间联结、入侵性分析比较了不同林下外来入侵植物的多样性、生态位特征、外来入侵植物与本土植物的种间关系及入侵程度。结果表明:3种林下共调查到10种外来入侵草本植物,隶属于5科8属,其中三叶鬼针草的生态位宽度和重要值最大,在3种林下入侵广泛;柠檬桉林的外来入侵草本植物Shannon-Wiener指数显著高于朴树林,3种林下外来入侵草本植物的Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson优势度均无显著差异;3种林下多数外来入侵草本植物与本地优势植物生态位重叠程度和种间联结性均较低,种间竞争较弱;朴树和柠檬桉林草本群落的入侵强度系数和群落可入侵系数显著高于台湾相思林;3种林下多数外来入侵种与本地优势植物的竞争尚不激烈,但三叶鬼针草的入侵优势大,需要加强防控,同时保护群落灌草结构及物种多样性有助于提升群落对外来入侵种的抵抗力。

基于改进MobileNet的轻量级外来入侵植物识别模型研究

外来入侵植物防治的首要任务是准确识别入侵植物种类,然而外来入侵植物种类繁多,存在类间同质和类内异质现象,给技术人员甄别与防治外来入侵植物带来了挑战。为了准确、实时和高效地识别外来入侵植物,本文提出基于改进MobileNet的轻量级外来入侵植物图像识别模型(MobileNet-LW)。以专业人员鉴定得到的113种11 628幅外来入侵植物图像作为研究对象,并按照6∶2∶2的比例划分训练集、验证集和测试集。通过Retinex、旋转和高斯噪声等方法对图像进行数据增强。为了减少类间同质现象对模型误检的影响,在模型MobileNet基础上添加了SE通道注意力机制和深度连接注意力网络,提高网络对关键特征的提取能力。为了降低模型计算消耗和内存消耗,采用通道剪枝方法对网络瘦身;为了弥补剪枝后造成模型准确率降低,采用教师网络-助教网络-学生网络的形式对剪枝后的网络进行知识蒸馏,学生网络通过软知识的学习来提高识别外来入侵植物的准确率。通过消融试验测试模型的性能,利用平均准确率、平均召回率和平均F1值3个评价指标,对现阶段经典模型与改进后模型MobileNet-LW所获得的识别结果进行评价。消融试验结果显示,在相同数据集条件下,所有改进点对模型的性能都有所提升,且改进后算法在外来入侵植物图像识别中准确率提高了5.4百分点,模型参数量减少了约53%;模型对比试验表明,EfficentNet、DBTNet、ResNet-101、ConvNext和MobileNet-LW 5个模型平均准确率分别为72.3%、74.9%、76.1%、79.7%和86.1%,表明改进后的网络提高了外来入侵植物的识别准确率。基于改进MobileNet的轻量级外来入侵植物识别模型对113种外来入侵植物识别具有较高的准确率,且模型具有轻量化特点。

外来入侵植物小蓬草发生现状及防治方法研究综述

外来入侵植物小蓬草(Erigeron canadensisL.)传播扩散速度极快,在我国各省市均有发生,包括东北、华北、西北、西南、华中、华东以及华南等区域,常发生在荒地、田间、路边等,是一种发生率极高的杂草,目前已被列入我国入侵物种第三批名单。作者详细整理小蓬草在我国的入侵途径、发生现状及防治方法,科学分析小蓬草的危害和价值,并提出“三加强,一科学”的防治对策建议。该文通过对小蓬草发生现状及防治方法科学分析,深入研判,旨在为外来入侵植物的科学治理提供参考。

缙云县外来入侵植物调查及分析

通过对缙云县18个乡镇72个踏查点进行实地踏查,并结合文献资料,研究了缙云县外来植物的结构组成以及分布状况。结果显示,缙云县已存在的外来入侵植物共有59种,隶属25个科,48个属。其中,菊科是缙云县外来植物的主要类群,共20种,占总种数的33.9%。此外,46种原产自美洲,占总数的78.0%。分布最广外来入侵植物是斑地锦、垂序商陆、凤仙花、空心莲子草、三叶鬼针草、胜红蓟、小蓬草。该研究为控制缙云县外来入侵物种提供数据支持,有利于制定对外来植物的防控策略,为缙云县的生态多样性和物种多样性保护提供理论依据和数据参考。