An unprotected vulnerable relict subtropical conifer-Keteleeria evelyniana: Its forests, populations, growth and endangerment by invasive alien plant species in China

Relict subtropical coniferous forests in China face severe fragmentation,resulting in declining populations,and some are under significant threat from invasive alien species.Despite the crucial importance of understanding forest dynamics,knowledge gaps persist,particularly regarding the impact of invasive plants on vulnerable natives like Keteleeria evelyniana.In this study,we investigated the impact of invasive plants on the regeneration of forests dominated by K.evelyniana,a subtropical relict species in southwestern China.For this purpose,we characterized forest dynamics of 160 forest plots featuring K.evelyniana as the primary dominant species and determined whether the presence of invasive plants was correlated with regeneration of K.evelyniana.We identified four distinct forest types in which K.evelyniana was dominant.We found that radial growth of K.evelyniana trees is faster in younger ageclasses today than it was for older trees at the same age.The population structure of K.evelyniana in each forest type exhibited a multimodal age-class distribution.However,three forest types lacked established saplings younger than 10 years old,a situation attributed to the dense coverage of the invasive alien Ageratina adenophora.This invasive species resulted in a reduction of understory species diversity.Additionally,our analysis uncovered a significant negative correlation in phylogenetic relatedness(net relatedness index)between native and invasive alien plant species in eastern Yunnan.This suggests closely related invasive species face heightened competition,hindering successful invasion.Taken together,our findings indicate that successful establishment and habitat restoration of K.evelyniana seedling/saplings require effective measures to control invasive plants.

Detecting the distribution of and public attitudes to charismatic alien species based on media coverage

Charismatic species are often reported by the media,providing information for detecting population status and public perception.To identify the number and distribution of free-living Black Swan(Cygnus atratus),a charismatic alien species in Chinese mainland and to detect the public and the media attitudes to the species,we analyzed the reports and emotional tendency from media coverage in 2000-2022 using manual reading,crawler extraction and latent Dirichlet allocation.A total of 6654 Black Swans were reported at 711 sites,including 147 individuals at 30 nature reserves.Successful breeding was reported at one-fourth of the total sites,including five nature reserves.The proportion of positive emotional tendency to Black Swans was overwhelming in the reports and was higher than that to alien species in general,suggesting that the public and the media are unaware of the risk of biological invasion.Effective management of invasive species requires the media clarifies the invasion risk of charismatic alien species.Promoting the unity between the harmfulness of abstract concept of alien species and the charisma of a specific alien species among the public help effective management.

The Alienation of Nature in Emily Dickinson’s Poems through the Prism of Taoism

In the poems created by the renowned American poet Emily Dickinson,those related to nature constitute a considerable proportion.However,Dickinson’s attitude toward nature is,in fact,contradictory.On the one hand,Dickinson perceives nature as gentle and kind,akin to a mother.Nature is regarded as“heaven”and embodies harmony.On the other hand,nature possesses its own operational principles and harbors inherent cruelty.According to Dickinson,humans should refrain from excessive interference in the natural order.This article attempts to analyze the similarities in attitude towards nature between Dickinson’s poetry and Taoist philosophy.

Fast tracking alien gene discovery by molecular markers in a late flowering Chinese cabbage-cabbage translocation line‘AT7–4'

Flowering time is an important agronomic trait of Chinese cabbage with late flowering being a primary breeding objective.In our previous work,we obtained Chinese cabbage-cabbage translocation lines that contained several beneficial cabbage genes.Cabbage-specific molecular markers show that these genes were coming from chromosome C01 of cabbage.In this study,we investigated the inheritance of flowering time in a couple of translocation lines and analyzed the transmission rate of molecular markers in the offspring.Consequently,we obtained the late flowering Chinese cabbage-cabbage translocation line‘AT7–4’in which the flowering time was later than that of‘85–1’by about 7 days under 4-week vernalization.Based on previous studies of the genomes of Chinese cabbage and cabbage,we located the cabbage-specific molecular markers that were closely linked at the top of the chromosome A01 in the F2mapping population generated by self-crossing F1s derived from a cross between the translocation line‘AT7–4’and Chinese cabbage‘14–36’.Five flowering-related genes in the alien fragment were found by functional annotation and their molecular markers were developed.This study lays the foundation for the future improvement of Chinese cabbage varieties using A-C translocation lines.

A Grotesque and Thrilling World:Alienation in The Fluted Girl

As a popular science fiction writer,Paolo Bacigalupi has drawn great attention with his marvelous fictions and novels,yet limited researches have focused on his novels rather than short stories,mostly analyzing from aspects like ecologism,feminism,dystopia,and anthropocene.This paper intends to analyze one of his short fictions,The Fluted Girl,using the theory of alienation to unveil the social problems hidden in the story,in order to further explore the author’s writing intention.In this grotesque and thrilling story world,Bacigalupi shows his ethical concern for the era we are living in,urging the readers to rethink about the alienation in our world.

Investigation and Hazard Assessment of Invasive Alien Plants on the Campus of Tongren University

[Objectives]The paper was to investigate and assess the species,distribution and hazard status of invasive alien plants on the campus of Tongren University.[Methods]A survey was conducted using line survey method,and the risk assessment index system of invasive alien plants was established by analytic hierarchy process(AHP).[Results]There were 11 species of invasive alien plants on the campus of Tongren University,belonging to 8 genera and 5 families.There were 6 species of invasive alien plants belonging to Asteraceae,accounting for 54.55%of the total.In terms of the origin of invasive plants,most of them were native to North America and Europe,accounting for 27.27%of the total.In terms of harmful level,there were no high-risk invasive plants on the campus of Tongren University,but Alternanthera philoxeroides had the highest score and was the most harmful.[Conclusions]The present situation of alien plant invasion on the campus of Tongren University is closely related to the ecological environment of the campus.It is suggested to strengthen the management of campus plants,focus on the prevention and control of A.philoxeroides,and carry out regular investigation of invasive alien plants on campus to ensure the ecological safety of the campus.

Species and Distribution Characteristics of Alien Invasive Plants in Garden Greenbelt of Shijiazhuang City

[Objectives]The paper was to investigate the garden greenbelt in 30 sample plots such as parks,roads,communities,etc.in Shijiazhuang City.[Methods]The species,abundance and frequency of weeds in the greenbelt of public gardens were recorded through point-line-surface investigation,and typical plants were sampled.[Results]There were 56 species of alien invasive plants in garden greenbelts of Shijiazhuang City,belonging to 44 genera and 20 families.In terms of life form,herbaceous plants were absolutely dominant,accounting for 92.8%of the total.The most alien invasive plants were native to America,accounting for 66.1%of the total.In terms of introduction path,the plants introduced artificially and unintentionally accounted for almost half.The species and quantity of alien invasive plants were related to the size of greenbelt area,the length of the build time of the surveyed plot,the composition structure of greenbelt and the level of green management and protection.There was larger distribution of alien invasive plants in the sample plots with large greenbelt area,long build time,herbaceous-dominated greenbelt and low level of green management and protection.Among the 56 alien invasive plants,3 plants were toxic.From the perspective of invasiveness,the alien invasive plants in the garden greenbelt of Shijiazhuang City could be divided into 5 levels:invasive alien species of malignant consequences,invasive alien species of severe consequences,invasive alien species of partial consequences,invasive alien species of average consequences,and invasive alien species to be observed.[Conclusions]This study will provide a reference for the prevention and control of alien plant invasion,and lay a foundation for the prevention and control of existing invasive plants.

教育数字化转型中师生主体性的缺失风险与复归策略

在教育数字化转型过程中,教育主体在与数字化技术的碰撞下面临主体性缺失的风险。文章从主体性概念的哲学探究出发,解析出师生主体性缺失与技术异化问题的内隐与外显现象。师生主体性缺失自然地发生于教学活动中,内隐且难以觉察;技术异化现象具有外显性,代替主体性缺失暴露在观察者的视野之内。基于视角主义理论,从“人”“教育”和“技术”的三重视角和两两关系审视技术异化现象,构建“三位一体”异化关系分析结构。究其异化原因,追溯至一元论和二元论的形而上学根基,通过链式逻辑分别演化出“有机体—环境”和“主客体依存对立”的存在模式,进而衍生出技术意向性和技术不当使用的归因实体。对主体性缺失的现象及原因进行深入剖析,提出主动遵循数字技术的意向性逻辑、借由发展实践修复师生主体性的缺失、超越原有建构模式以回归师生主体性本身的复归策略,以期在推进教育数字化转型中筑牢师生主体性根基。

日常生活中的小事情异化——列斐伏尔《日常生活批判》第一卷解读

在列斐伏尔眼里,历史唯物主义正是人本主义异化史观的具体化,这种观点也会进一步延伸到他对马克思中晚期经济学研究中的异化批判理论的理解中。并且,这种异化批判要从马克思的总体人的观念中获得。与马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中前置的价值悬设——理想化劳动不同,列斐伏尔是捕捉到马克思展望人类获得全面解放后的“总体人”自由发展状态,并将其作为未来目标式的后置目的论牵引。并且他认为,这种总体人的观念恰恰是与马克思后来提出的人类社会从必然王国向自由王国的转换是完全同向的。

“教学学术”内涵的异化:现状、成因及对策

“教学学术”概念的提出既为教学地位和职能的复归寻绎到一条崭新思路,也确证了教学作为一种学术研究的价值意蕴。在实践中,“教学学术”却面临内涵异化的风险。目前来讲,“教学学术”的内涵大致被异化为以下四类表现,即优秀教学、教学与科研结合、学术性教学、教学科研化。究其原因是对优秀大学教学属性的片面化理解,对日益多元的教育目标的简单堆砌,“教学学术”成果难以被测量、公开、评价,大学教学管理中技术理性的过度膨胀。建议从“价值追求-角色定位-组织支持-制度保障”等四个维度探索对策。

社会加速背景下青年的生存焦虑与消解路径——基于罗萨的社会加速理论

罗萨认为,社会加速诞生了五种“新异化”,人被精准纳入资本加速增殖环节,加剧了社会分化与竞争,产生了“异化危机”。社会加速也加剧了当代青年在教育、就业、住房、婚育等方面的竞争与压力,引发他们内心深处的焦虑。我们应理性审视当代青年生存焦虑的社会根源,积极完善有利于青年健康成长的制度环境,提升青年适应社会加速的综合素质,培育青年积极向上的社会心态,助力当代青年成长为促进社会高质量发展的主体力量。

我国海洋外来生物入侵现状、监管问题及建议

外来生物入侵是指非本地生物(植物、动物和微生物)以自然或人为方式对本地生态系统、人类健康、物种多样性造成危害的现象。外来生物入侵不仅对本地生态系统和物种造成严重破坏,而且会对一个产业、一个地区的经济和社会稳定造成严重影响。文章就部分入侵面积和危害较大的海洋外来生物(包括互花米草、沙筛贝、尼罗罗非鱼、米氏凯伦藻、桃拉病毒)的入侵现状进行综述,并提出海洋外来生物入侵防控存在的主要问题及建议。

脑卒中康复期患者社会疏离、病耻感及生存质量的相关性研究

目的对脑卒中康复期患者社会疏离、病耻感及生存质量进行现状调查、分析其相关性,并探讨生存质量的影响因素。方法选取2022年1月至2023年6月就诊于本院的110例脑卒中患者为研究对象,采用一般资料问卷、一般疏离感量表、社会影响量表、健康调查简表对入组脑卒中患者进行问卷调查。结果共有110例脑卒中患者进入本研究,其中,缺血性卒中82例,出血性卒中28例,年龄48~79岁,平均(54.53±7.45)岁,男性69例,占比62.73%,女性41例,占比37.27%。量表评估结果显示:社会疏离得分(48.58±5.46)分、病耻感得分(70.64±6.45)分、生存质量得分(50.26±6.42)分。脑卒中康复期患者社会疏离得分与病耻感得分间呈现正相关关系(r=0.425,P=0.013);社会疏离得分与生存质量得分间呈负相关关系(r=-0.326,P=0.009);病耻感得分与生存质量得分间负相关关系(r=-0.315,P=0.022)。影响因素分析结果显示:月收入、受教育程度、社会疏离得分及病耻感得分是脑卒中康复期患者生存质量得分的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论脑卒中康复期患者社会疏离水平较高、病耻感水平一般、生存质量水平一般。提示临床护理人员应根据患者具体疾病情况,不仅需要密切关注患者疾病及康复情况,也需要最大限度的降低患者出现的社会疏离和病耻感水平,改善患者可能出现的社会性衰弱,对提高脑卒中康复期患者的生存质量有积极意义。

二重情境:数字视听文化中的身份构建与认同疏离

数字视听媒介及其文化的发展创造了新的情境,推动用户产生新的媒介实践,但也带来了新的问题和现象,即情境生成逻辑向流媒体用户让渡的转变、情境功能作为交往工具的偏移,以及情境秩序在去公共性过程中权力再结构化的取向。其中隐含着情境之于用户身份构建的二重性:一方面,流媒体用户依据情境构建身份,身份的构建过程进一步激发了情境的创造;另一方面,这些被构建的身份呈现出去情境化的流动趋向,造成了身份与认同的疏离。对此,文章在厘清数字视听文化新情境特征的基础上,阐释流媒体用户基于身份的情境互动过程,以及身份认同疏离的成因及危机。更进一步,文章尝试将新媒介—新情境—新行为的线性模式延展为更具解释力的用户主导循环模式,并提出通过共识的凝聚、公共性的重拾和共同体的重建,推动数字视听文化的良序发展。

不同入侵程度两种菊科植物化学计量特征及其影响因素

资源分配与养分策略是外来植物入侵性的重要体现。为探究入侵植物的资源分配格局、吸收利用策略以及与入侵性的关系,该研究以2种菊科入侵植物假臭草(Praxelis clematidea)和金腰箭(Synedrella nodiflora)为研究对象,测定了不同入侵程度的植物构件生物量以及各器官碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量,分析了植物各器官N、P分配格局和化学计量特征及其与土壤营养元素的关系。结果表明:(1)随假臭草入侵程度的加重,土壤速效氮(AN)含量显著降低;随金腰箭入侵程度的加重,土壤N、P、AN含量显著降低;假臭草入侵生境土壤N含量(0.696~2.701 g·kg^(-1))显著大于金腰箭入侵生境(0.189~0.337 g·kg^(-1)),土壤C、P、AN、速效磷(AP)含量小于金腰箭入侵生境。(2)3种入侵程度的假臭草和金腰箭N分配为叶>茎>根;P较多地分配至茎(假臭草)、茎和叶(金腰箭);轻度入侵的假臭草(根、茎)和金腰箭(叶)较重度入侵有低的C∶P值和N∶P值,2种植物入侵初期有较快的相对生长速率;2种植物N∶P值均为叶>根、茎,其根和茎具有较快的生长能力。(3)3种入侵程度的假臭草根、茎N∶P值,根、茎C∶P值均小于金腰箭,金腰箭叶N∶P值、C∶P值均显著小于假臭草,即假臭草根、茎具有较快的相对生长速率并增大入侵性,金腰箭则整体具有更快的相对生长速率,其入侵潜力更强。(4)假臭草和金腰箭各器官N、P分配及相对生长速率分别受土壤AN、AP含量和土壤N、P含量的影响,其相对生长速率分别随土壤AN、AP、N、P含量的增加而增大。该研究结果对深入了解外来植物对资源分配和利用策略以及入侵潜力的预测具有指导意义。

分工优化与共同富裕——基于马克思劳动正义论的考察

东西方传统思想对于分工的认识都是片面的,只看到了分工的技术特性。马克思则辩证地认识到了分工的异化特性和技术特性。马克思指出,实现共同富裕的根本在于异化分工的克服,但是异化分工克服之后并不能自然而然地实现共同富裕,还必须对分工进行进一步的优化。为实现共同富裕,我国目前仍然需要防止资本扩张导致的新的分工异化,同时要注意从改善自然条件、改善社会文化氛围、完善分配体系等方面对分工予以优化。社会保障和慈善事业是必要的,但应置于补充性的地位。

基于信任视角的价值对齐探究

从价值对齐的信任意涵与信任样态来看,技术发展对人类提出了更高的要求。其要求作为类存在的人在价值对齐的进程中,必须厘清合作、信任与价值对齐这三者之间的逻辑关系与道德意涵,深刻反思人作为价值性存在的根基何在,充分审视技术信任的顶层逻辑及权重,高度重视信任的反面,警惕价值对齐的非道德现象与异化,积极守护技术语境中的人际信任,避免信任的单向度。因此,应以基于道德的信任校准价值对齐,将人类作为人机(技)信任链构建的出发点和落脚点,才能规避价值对齐的陷阱,走向有效的价值对齐,进而确保人工智能安全。

高校学术权力的异化表征与归正路径

学术权力既是高校办学自主权的重要内容,也是大学组织的基础权力。然而,当前我国高校学术权力的异化现象较为严重,这种异化的负向力量会降低公众对于学术权力的心理预期,进而影响高校治学管理和学术研究顺利运行。高校学术权力异化主要表现在高校学术权力主体异化、高校学术权力活动异化、高校学术权力配置异化及高校学术权力监督异化等方面,高校学术主体道德失范、政府过多干预高校学术管理、高校学术权力行政化色彩和高校学术权力法律地位缺乏独立是造成高校学术权力异化的主要归因。回归高校学术权力的本真要义,应进一步规范高校学术权力主体行为、明确高校学术权力运行规则、协调高校“学术”与“行政”权力关系及健全高校学术权力监督机制。

中青年缓解期精神分裂症患者社会疏离感及其影响因素

目的:探讨中青年缓解期精神分裂症(SZ)患者社会疏离感及其影响因素以及与家庭亲密度、病耻感、生活掌控感相关性。方法:采用便利抽样法抽取2021年1月至2022年4月在新乡医学院第二附属医院门诊复查的320例中青年缓解期SZ患者,采用一般资料调查表、一般疏离感量表、生活掌控感量表、家庭亲密度量表、病耻感量表分别调查患者的基本信息、社会疏离感、生活掌控能力、家庭亲密程度以及病耻感;利用多元线性回归分析中青年缓解期SZ患者社会疏离影响因素,采用Pearson相关分析方法分析中青年缓解期SZ患者社会疏离感和生活掌控感、病耻感、家庭亲密度之间的相关性。结果:多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示,一年内住院次数、生活掌控感、病耻感、家庭亲密度是中青年缓解期SZ患者社会疏离感的影响因素(t=4.614~-4.553,P<0.05);生活掌控感和家庭亲密度与中青年缓解期SZ患者社会疏离感总分及各维度指标呈显著负相关关系(r=-0.341~-0.018;-0.348~-0.149,均P<0.05),病耻感与中青年缓解期SZ患者社会疏离感总分及各维度指标呈显著正相关关系(r=0.364~0.127,均P<0.05)。结论:一年内住院次数、病耻感、生活掌控感、家庭亲密度是影响中青年缓解期SZ患者社会疏离感的独立影响因素,且生活掌控感和家庭亲密度与中青年缓解期SZ患者社会疏离感呈显著负相关关系,病耻感与中青年缓解期SZ患者社会疏离感呈显著正相关关系,应对其予以有针对性的干预,从而改善其社会融入问题。

理性与疯癫的“异态”世界——访谈茅盾文学奖得主毕飞宇

《上海交通大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》推出“著名作家高端访谈”栏目,本期访谈江苏省作协主席、茅盾文学奖得主毕飞宇。通过比较《欢迎来到人间》和《推拿》两部小说的区别,毕飞宇指出,《欢迎来到人间》更多的是切入当下,描写异态的人与世界,展现其背后隐藏的理性与疯癫;《推拿》则是将盲人的黑暗世界拉到阳光下,展现他们的尊严与抗争。毕飞宇在创作时注重叙事的主体性,关注人与权力、人与社会的矛盾关系。他的创作随着中国文学的阶段性发展,也有意识地实现了从书写历史向切入当下的转变,以期更有效地还原中国。毕飞宇认为,无论外界对经典文学持有怎样的态度,由内心驱动的文学创作不会完全被外部的世界所左右。