Lithium production in China mainly depends on hard rock lithium ores,which has a defect in resources,environment,and economy compared with extracting lithium from brine.This paper focuses on the research progress of e...Lithium production in China mainly depends on hard rock lithium ores,which has a defect in resources,environment,and economy compared with extracting lithium from brine.This paper focuses on the research progress of extracting lithium from spodumene,lepidolite,petalite,and zinnwaldite by acid,alkali,salt roasting,and chlorination methods,and analyzes the resource intensity,environmental impact,and production cost of industrial lithium extraction from spodumene and lepidolite.It is found that the sulfuric acid method has a high lithium recovery rate,but with a complicated process and high energy consumption;alkali and chlorination methods can directly react with lithium ores,reducing energy consumption,but need to optimize reaction conditions and safety of equipment and operation;the salt roasting method has large material flux and high energy consumption,so require adjustment of sulfate ratio to increase the lithium yield and reduce production cost.Compared with extracting lithium from brine,extracting lithium from ores,calcination,roasting,purity,and other processes consume more resources and energy;and its environmental impact mainly comes from the pollutants discharged by fossil energy,9.3-60.4 times that of lithium extracted from brine.The processing cost of lithium extraction from lepidolite by sulfate roasting method is higher than that from spodumene by sulfuric acid due to the consumption of high-value sulfate.However,the production costs of both are mainly affected by the price of lithium ores,which is less competitive than that of extracting lithium from brine.Thus,the process of extracting lithium from ores should develop appropriate technology,shorten the process flow,save resources and energy,and increase the recovery rate of related elements to reduce environmental impact and improve the added value of by-products and the economy of the process.展开更多
南极磷虾是地球上多细胞生物中生物量最大的单种生物资源之一。南极磷虾因其巨大的生物资源量及潜在的应用价值而受到广泛关注。本文以冷冻南极磷虾为原料,优化了南极磷虾蛋白质的提取条件。在单因素实验的基础上,通过响应面优化实验研...南极磷虾是地球上多细胞生物中生物量最大的单种生物资源之一。南极磷虾因其巨大的生物资源量及潜在的应用价值而受到广泛关注。本文以冷冻南极磷虾为原料,优化了南极磷虾蛋白质的提取条件。在单因素实验的基础上,通过响应面优化实验研究了离心时间、料液比、匀浆时间等对南极磷虾蛋白质得率的影响。结果表明,南极磷虾蛋白质较佳的提取条件为:碱溶阶段p H 11.5,酸沉阶段p H 5.5,离心温度4℃,离心转速10000 rpm,离心时间10 min,料液比1∶3(w/v),匀浆时间3.0 min;在以上提取条件下的南极磷虾蛋白质得率为10.81%。展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71991484,41971265,72088101,and 71991480)the National Key R&D program of China(2021YFC2901801)。
文摘Lithium production in China mainly depends on hard rock lithium ores,which has a defect in resources,environment,and economy compared with extracting lithium from brine.This paper focuses on the research progress of extracting lithium from spodumene,lepidolite,petalite,and zinnwaldite by acid,alkali,salt roasting,and chlorination methods,and analyzes the resource intensity,environmental impact,and production cost of industrial lithium extraction from spodumene and lepidolite.It is found that the sulfuric acid method has a high lithium recovery rate,but with a complicated process and high energy consumption;alkali and chlorination methods can directly react with lithium ores,reducing energy consumption,but need to optimize reaction conditions and safety of equipment and operation;the salt roasting method has large material flux and high energy consumption,so require adjustment of sulfate ratio to increase the lithium yield and reduce production cost.Compared with extracting lithium from brine,extracting lithium from ores,calcination,roasting,purity,and other processes consume more resources and energy;and its environmental impact mainly comes from the pollutants discharged by fossil energy,9.3-60.4 times that of lithium extracted from brine.The processing cost of lithium extraction from lepidolite by sulfate roasting method is higher than that from spodumene by sulfuric acid due to the consumption of high-value sulfate.However,the production costs of both are mainly affected by the price of lithium ores,which is less competitive than that of extracting lithium from brine.Thus,the process of extracting lithium from ores should develop appropriate technology,shorten the process flow,save resources and energy,and increase the recovery rate of related elements to reduce environmental impact and improve the added value of by-products and the economy of the process.
文摘南极磷虾是地球上多细胞生物中生物量最大的单种生物资源之一。南极磷虾因其巨大的生物资源量及潜在的应用价值而受到广泛关注。本文以冷冻南极磷虾为原料,优化了南极磷虾蛋白质的提取条件。在单因素实验的基础上,通过响应面优化实验研究了离心时间、料液比、匀浆时间等对南极磷虾蛋白质得率的影响。结果表明,南极磷虾蛋白质较佳的提取条件为:碱溶阶段p H 11.5,酸沉阶段p H 5.5,离心温度4℃,离心转速10000 rpm,离心时间10 min,料液比1∶3(w/v),匀浆时间3.0 min;在以上提取条件下的南极磷虾蛋白质得率为10.81%。
