Experimental study on reactions between alkaline basaltic melt and orthopyroxenes: constraints on the evolution of lithospheric mantle in the North China Craton

The experimental results of the reactions between an alkaline basaltic melt and mantle orthopyroxenes under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions of 1300–1400℃ and 2.0–3.0 GPa using a six-anvil apparatus are reported in this paper.The reactions are proposed to simulate the interactions between melts from the asthenospheric mantle and the lithospheric mantle.The starting melt in the experiments was made from the alkaline basalt occurring in Fuxin,Liaoning Province,and the orthopyroxenes were separated from the mantle xenoliths in Damaping,Hebei Province.The results show that clinopyroxenes were formed in all the reactions between the alkaline basaltic melt and orthopyroxenes under the studied P–T conditions.The formation of clinopyroxene in the reaction zone is mainly controlled by dissolution–crystallization,and the chemical compositions of the reacted melt are primarily infl uenced by the diff usion eff ect.Temperature is the most important parameter controlling the reactions between the melt and orthopyroxenes,which has a direct impact on the melting of orthopyroxenes and the diff usion of chemical components in the melt.Temperature also directly controls the chemical compositions of the newly formed clinopyroxenes in the reaction zone and the reacted melt.The formation of clinopyroxenes from the reactions between the alkaline basaltic melt and orthopyroxenes can result in an increase of CaO and Al_(2)O_(3) contents in the rocks containing this mineral.Therefore,the reactions between the alkaline basaltic melt from the asthenospheric mantle and orthopyroxenes from the lithospheric mantle can lead to the evolution of lithospheric mantle in the North China Craton from refractory to fertile with relatively high CaO and Al 2 O 3 contents.In addition,the reacted melts in some runs were transformed from the starting alkaline basaltic into tholeiitic after reactions,indicating that tholeiitic magma could be generated from alkaline basaltic one via reactions between the latter and orthopyroxene.

Experimental study on the treatment of rabbit corneal melting after alkali burn with Collagen cross-linking

AIM: To evaluate the effect of Collagen cross-linking on the prevention of melting in rabbit corneas after alkali burn. METHODS: Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into model control group and collagen cross-linking treatment group. The second group of rabbits received collagen cross linked treatment. Both groups were applied with antibiotic eye drops to prevent infection. The corneas were evaluated for melting, opacity, pathological and immunohistochemistry, record the changes when 28 days after the animals were killed. RESULTS: In the control group, 6 out of 8 rabbits showed corneal melting after injury (14 +/- 4) days, while two corneal perforated. In collagen cross-linking treatment group, one rabbit showed corneal melting after injury 23 days, without corneal perforation; corneal dissolution rate between the two groups was significantly different (P <0.05). Pathological examination suggested that in the treatment group, mild corneal edema, mild damage to collagen fibers, inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly less than the control group. Immunohistochemistry showed that corneal collagen fibers arranged in neat rows in the control group. CONCLUSION: Collagen cross-linking treatment not only can prevent and delay the corneal melting after alkali burn, but also can reduce the destruction of corneal collagen fibers and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the corneal tissue.

High-precision nuclear magnetic resonance probe suitable for in situ studies of high-temperature metallic melts

High-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)has proven to be very useful for detecting the temperatureinduced structural evolution and dynamics in melts.However,the sensitivity and precision of high-temperature NMR probes are limited.Here we report a sensitive and stable high-temperature NMR probe based on laser-heating,suitable for in situ studies of metallic melts,which can work stably at the temperature of up to 2000 K.In our design,a well-designed optical path and the use of a water-cooled copper radio-frequency(RF)coil significantly optimize the signal-to-noise ratio(S/NR)at high temperatures.Additionally,a precise temperature controlling system with an error of less than±1 K has been designed.After temperature calibration,the temperature measurement error is controlled within±2 K.As a performance testing,^(27)Al NMR spectra are measured in Zr-based metallic glass-forming liquid in situ.Results show that the S/NR reaches 45 within 90 s even when the sample's temperature is up to 1500 K and that the isothermal signal drift is better than0.001 ppm per hour.This high-temperature NMR probe can be used to clarify some highly debated issues about metallic liquids,such as glass transition and liquid-liquid transition.

Effect of La_2O_3 on microstructure and high-temperature wear property of hot-press sintering FeAl intermetallic compound

FeAl intermetallic compound with different contents of rare earth oxide La2O3 addition was prepared by hot pressing the mechanically alloyed powders.Effect of La2O3 on microstructure and high-temperature wear property of the sintered FeAl samples was investigated in this paper.The results showed that 1 wt.% La2O3 addition could refine the microstructure and increase the density of the FeAl intermetallic compound,and correspondingly improved the high-temperature wear resistance.SEM and EDS analyses of the wo...

碱溶性聚酯/碳酸钙/聚酯(COPET/CaCO_(3)/PET)多孔纤维制备及性能研究

采用自制的碱溶性聚酯/碳酸钙(COPET/CaCO_(3))母粒与聚酯(PET)母粒,经熔融纺丝实现对传统PET纤维的改性,结合单因子控制变量法优选碱酸处理制备COPET/CaCO_(3)/PET多孔纤维的最佳工艺参数,并对纤维性能进行测试与表征。结果表明,当NaOH质量分数为4%、HCL质量分数为3%时,纤维具有较好的表观形态和孔隙结构。在最优处理条件下,纤维内部含有较多分布均匀的孔隙,孔径主要集中分布在15~54nm。此时,纤维的断裂强度、线密度、比表面积和熔融温度分别为1.29cN/dtex、4.84dtex、5.5273m^(2)/g和253.85℃。

粉煤灰制备沸石分子筛及其吸附脱除氨氮性能

当前大量含氮废水的排入不仅使湖泊水体富营养化加剧,更对各类生物的生存和健康造成了很大威胁。由于沸石分子筛具有良好的吸附选择性和离子交换性,可以用来吸附脱除水中的氨氮,因此成为当前研究的热点。文章以粉煤灰为主要原料,采用碱熔融-水热法制备Na-X型沸石分子筛,通过正交试验得到沸石分子筛的最佳制备工艺条件,探索了氨氮溶液初始浓度、pH值、吸附时间、吸附温度以及阳离子对沸石分子筛吸附氨氮性能的影响。结果表明:Na-X型分子筛的最佳饱和氨氮吸附率为74.89%;Na-X型沸石分子筛吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型;其氨氮吸附量与初始浓度和吸附时间呈正相关,与温度呈负相关;强酸或强碱环境会使分子筛吸附性能下降。Na-X型分子筛氨氮吸附率较高、可多次循环使用,在废水治理方面有着广泛的应用前景。

A Comprehensive Review of Thermal Performance Improvement of High-Temperature Heat Pipes

Energy efficiency issues are being focused on the growing concern of global warming and environmental pollution.The high-temperature heat pipe(HTHP) is an effective and environmental-friendly heat transfer device employed in many industries,including solar power generation,high-temperature flue gas waste heat recovery,industrial furnaces,nuclear industries,and aviation.As a critical factor in HTHPs,thermal performance is mainly introduced in the entire paper.To date,most reviews have been published concerning one or several application scenarios.However,to the best of authors' knowledge,it is hard to find a review discussing how to improve the thermal performance of HTHPs comprehensively.First,the impact on the performance of three main components of HTHPs over the past 30 years is introduced:the working fluid,the HTHP structure,and the wick structure.Herein,it is a considerable review of the optimal operating conditions for each direction,and we expect this paper contribute to improving the thermal performance of HTHPs.Then,current numerical simulations and theoretical research on the heat transfer limit of HTHPs are recommended.The significant hypotheses used in numerical simulations and the present theoretical studies are compiled here.Finally,some potential future directions and tentative suggestions for HTHP research are put forward.

碱金属对氧化球团回转窑结圈的影响机制

回转窑结圈是制约回转窑生产氧化球团的主要因素,窑内结圈会影响温度场的分布并减小回转窑内径,导致成品矿强度及性能恶化,增加生产能耗。改善结圈问题有助于降低回转窑生产球团能耗,提高球团矿质量,推动铁前造块工艺节能减排。本文重点分析了碱金属(K/Na)对回转窑结圈的影响机制,即K_(2)O、Na_(2)O是以形成低熔点物相实现在微区液相富集,并随含量增加显著降低低熔点物质开始熔化温度和增加液相占比。

碱高温熔融-乙二胺四乙酸滴定法测定铝灰中的总铝量

为了加强对铝灰中铝资源的回收利用,提出了碱高温熔融-乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)滴定法测定铝灰中总铝量的方法。针对铝灰基质复杂以及钙、镁、氩含量高的特点,优化了前处理和滴定条件。0.1 g样品经干燥、乙醇润湿后,加入3 g氢氧化钠和2 g磷酸钠(与钙、镁形成沉淀分离除去,避免钙、镁氢氧化物吸附Al^(3+)),于400℃预熔融20 min。加入1 g过氧化钠,于750℃熔融15 min。加入沸水煮沸,使熔块全部溶解,再加入3 mL 6 mol·L^(-1)盐酸溶液煮沸除去过氧化氢。用水定容至100 mL,过滤,取滤液25 mL,加入10 mL 6 mol·L^(-1)盐酸溶液和5 mL高氯酸,加热至近干,以消除样品中高含量F^(-)对Al^(3+)的络合干扰。残渣用10 mL 6 mol·L^(-1)盐酸溶液溶解,再加入10 mL水、8 mL 40 g·L^(-1)EDTA溶液和二甲酚橙指示剂,用6 mol·L^(-1)盐酸溶液将溶液调至亮黄色,煮沸5 min,使EDTA充分络合Al^(3+)。加入15 mL乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液(pH 5.8)和二甲酚橙指示剂,用1.00 mg·L^(-1)锌标准溶液将溶液滴定至橙红色。加入5 mL氟化钾溶液(100 g·L^(-1)),煮沸5 min,将Al^(3+)从EDTA络合物中完全置换出来。加入10 mL乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液(pH 5.8)和二甲酚橙指示剂,用1.00 mg·L^(-1)锌标准溶液将溶液滴定至橙红色,记录滴定液消耗体积,并通过滴定度计算总铝量。结果显示:总铝回收率为96.8%~103%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于1.0%,方法适用于试验条件有限的实验室进行矿山冶炼铝灰中总铝量的测定。

Na_(2)CO_(3)-Na_(2)SO_(4)复盐熔炼法从碱溶渣中高效分离钨的工艺研究

钨合金废料资源化利用过程中容易产生含钨碱溶渣,且该部分含钨碱溶渣中钨品位较高。本文开发了一种复盐(Na_(2)CO_(3)-Na_(2)SO_(4))熔炼工艺,以对含钨碱溶渣中的钨进行高效分离;探究Na_(2)CO_(3)和Na_(2)SO_(4)的添加量、复盐熔炼温度、熔炼时间以及水浸液固比、水浸温度对钨回收率的影响。结果表明:从含钨碱溶渣中高效分离钨的最优条件为n(W)∶n(Na_(2)CO_(3))∶n(Na_(2)SO_(4))=1∶1.25∶0.54,复盐熔炼温度为800℃,熔炼时间为3 h,水浸液固比为2.5,水浸温度为75℃,在该最优条件下可将含钨碱溶渣中99.93%的钨分离出来。同时,本文通过XRD分析以及热力学分析对复盐熔炼的反应机理进行了探讨,复盐体系的构建有助于降低体系共熔点,降低能耗,同时有助于促进碱溶渣与反应介质的充分接触,提高反应效率。

铱的溶解造液技术研究现状

随着我国科技和经济水平的不断进步,铱在高精尖领域的需求量逐年增长。然而,铱的原生矿产资源极为稀缺,从二次资源中高效回收铱具有重要意义。其中,铱的高效溶解造液是行业一大难题,严重制约铱回收行业的发展。本文综述铱的溶解造液技术,包括金属活化法、碱熔法、加压消解法和电化学溶解法,系统剖析和对比各种溶解技术的优缺点。现有技术存在溶解效率低、返料多、能耗高等问题,开发绿色、高效、节能的溶解造液技术是未来铱溶解技术的研究方向。

煤矸石碱熔—水热法制备NaX型分子筛及其对Pb^(2+)的吸附特性研究

为实现煤矸石中硅铝组分的高值利用,以煤矸石为原料,采用碱熔水热法合成NaX型分子筛,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等对产物进行表征,同时采用静态饱和吸水量和钙离子交换量对所制备分子筛进行性能评价。结果表明:硅铝比为3,碱灰比1.2,陈化温度40℃,陈化30 min,水热温度100℃,水热时间5 h,NaOH浓度为2.73 mol/L时合成分子筛的钙离子交换量为283.37 mg/g。将所合成的NaX型分子筛用于吸附液相中的Pb^(2+)。在分子筛投加量1 g/L、吸附温度25℃、吸附时间2 h时,吸附容量(Q_(e))最高可达483.05 mg/g;分子筛的吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,饱和吸附容量(Q_(m))可达528.31 mg/g。

Contribution to the Petrography, Geochemistry, and Petrogenesis of Zarqa-Ma’in Pleistocene Alkali Olivine Basalt Flow of Central Jordan

The Zarqa-Ma’in basalt (MB) occurs near a plateau basalt (wadi fills) covering about 15 km2 of Makawir, Ataruz, and Hammat um Hasana cone areas in central Jordan. The tectonic evolution occurred through intraplate volcanism and erupted through fissure systems along the Dead Sea, transforming the fault during Miocene to Pleistocene period. Three stages of eruption of MB have been recorded during Pleistocene from 6 to 0.6 Ma. The petrographic analyses data show that the MB rocks are composed of plagioclase, olivine, pyroxene, and magnetite, including secondary minerals calcite, iddingsite, serpentine, and zeolite. Furthermore, the MB rocks have narrow ranges of major and trace element concentrations, and are of under saturated silica type and belong to sodic alkaline magma series. The geochemical characteristics of MB indicate that MB was derived from a slightly fractionated magma as reflected by its high MgO (6.3 - 11.7 ppm) concentration with Mg number from 0.41 to 0.61, low silica content (40.83 - 47.55 wt%), and high Cr and Ni concentrations (115 - 475 and 105 - 553 ppm, respectively). This basalt exhibited low degree of partial melting (10%) for garnet peridotite mantle source. The model mineral fractionation showed that the MB could be fractionated to clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, olivine, and plagioclase.

MINERALOGICAL FEATURES OF ULTRAMAFIC HYPOXENOLITHS IN ALKALI-RICH PORPHYRY

Ultramafic hypoxenoliths found in the alkali-rich porphyry in the Liuhe Village, Heqing, Yunnan,China, are of great significance in understanding the origin and evolution of the porphyry. This paper discusses the mineralogical features of the hypoxenoliths. It shows that the xenoliths are characterized by the upper mantle rocks modified to certain extent by the enriched mantle fluid metasomatism in the mantle environment, with the enriched mantle property of Iow-degree partial melting. This constitutes the important mineralogical evidence for the petrogenesis and mineralization of alkali-rich porphyry.

New Data on the Genesis and Evolution of the Primitive Magmas of Mount Cameroon: Contribution of Melt Inclusions

Mount Cameroon is a Plio-Quaternary volcanic massif, without a centralcrater, made up of more than 140 pyroclastic cones. It is one of theactive volcanoes of the Cameroon Volcanic Line. Mount Cameroon meltinclusions are found in microdroplets trapped in the early minerals (olivines)from the pyroclastic products. The analysis of these melt inclusions allowedus to find primitive liquids compared to lavas. Major elements study ofthe magmatic inclusions, trapped in the most magnesian olivines (Mg#84-86) of Mount Cameroon revealed “primitive” liquids of basanite and alkalibasalt type with variable composition compared to the much more uniformbasalts of the magmatic series of Mount Cameroon. The study of thesetrapped liquids shows that: (1) the original primitive lavas did not undergothe process of evolution by FC, but rather underwent fundamentally (orexclusively) the process of partial melting;(2) the emitted lavas, evolvedessentially by FC;(3) the variations in the trace element contents of theprimitive liquids directly reflect a variation in the rate of partial melting ofa homogeneous mantelic source. The very high La/Yb ratios of the MountCameroon melt inclusions (> 20) characterize a garnet lherzolite source.Spectra of the melt inclusions show a negative anomaly or depletion in K,Rb and Ba as those of HIMU. The “primitive” liquids and lavas of MountCameroon represent a co-genetic sequence formed by varying degrees ofpartial melting of a source considered as homogeneous.

高温配煤对新疆高碱煤灰熔融特性的影响

为了研究配煤对新疆高碱煤灰熔融行为的影响机制,采用碱金属含量差异较大的2种典型新疆准东煤按不同比例混合,探究混煤灰熔融过程中各个特征温度的影响规律及调控机制。利用XRD、SEM-EDX、XRF等对样品进行分析表征,考察单一煤灰和混煤灰在高温下的化学组成、矿物组成和微观形貌演变规律。利用Factsage对煤灰在高温下的相态转变及矿物组成变化进行热力学计算,揭示配煤对新疆高碱煤灰高温熔融行为的影响机制。结果表明,高碱煤灰中较高含量Na 2 O,在高温下形成长石类矿物,是导致灰熔融特性温度较低的主要原因。配煤改变了煤灰化学组成,使得煤灰中矿物质在高温下的演化行为发生变化,从而决定了混煤灰具有不同的熔融特性。但混煤灰的熔融温度变化与配煤比例呈现非线性关系。当MC煤与BS煤配比为1∶4时,混煤灰具有最低的灰熔融温度,当MC煤与BS煤配比为4∶1时,混煤灰熔融温度最高。高温煤灰中低熔点矿物拉长石、透辉石和培长石能够与石英和莫来石发生低温共熔,导致灰熔融温度降低。热力学计算结果表明,长石、堇青石、辉石和石英矿物质之间相互作用,在高温下形成低熔融温度共熔体,使得形成液相温度降低。热力学计算结果与X射线衍射结果具有相似性。

硅锰渣基沸石的合成及其表征

硅锰渣是生产硅锰合金时产生的一种工业副产物,年排放量巨大,综合利用水平低,已经成为冶金业绿色发展急需解决的难题。为实现硅锰渣的高值化利用,将硅锰渣通过“酸洗—碱熔—陈化—晶化”水热合成反应来制备沸石。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、比表面积及孔径分析仪对沸石的晶相、形貌、官能团等进行表征;探究了碱度、温度、时间等因素对合成沸石的物相组成及微观形貌的影响。实验结果表明,原料酸浸后MnO、Fe_(2)O_(3)、CaO含量均有所减少,碱熔后体系中生成了合成沸石所需的硅酸盐。在最优条件(碱度为0.5 mol/L、温度为80℃、时间为8 h)下合成了纯度及结晶度较好的沸石;与传统的工业固废制备沸石相比,该实验晶化所需的碱度更低,且采用了硅锰渣为原料制备沸石,为硅锰渣的高值化利用提供了新思路。

高炉渣合成NaY沸石及影响因素研究

以高炉渣为硅源,利用碱融水热法并在导向剂的作用下合成NaY沸石分子筛。通过XRD、SEM和相对结晶度的计算等考察了NaY沸石合成过程中实验参数对沸石结晶效果的影响。结果表明,导向剂具有显著的诱导效果,晶化时间、晶化温度、晶化液中的硅铝摩尔比和碱度对相对结晶度都有显著影响。高炉渣合成NaY沸石分子筛的最佳条件为:晶化液中物质的摩尔比n(Na_(2)O)∶n(Al_(2)O_(3))∶n(SiO_(2))∶n(H_(2)O)=8∶1∶8∶800、晶化温度100℃、晶化时间16 h、导向剂的质量分数10%(导向剂与晶化液的质量比)、导向剂陈化时间6 h。

高硅渣碱熔水热合成13X分子筛及吸附铅铜锌离子研究

准格尔地区矸石电厂的循环流化床粉煤灰可通过“一步酸溶法”工艺提取出冶金级氧化铝。以提铝后高硅尾渣为原料采用碱熔融-水热工序合成了13X分子筛,详细考察了碱渣质量比、添加水量、合成温度对13X分子筛合成的影响,开展了13X分子筛对铅、锌、铜单组分溶液的吸附测试。研究表明:碱渣质量比为2.25、添加水量为35 mL和合成温度为90℃时,13X分子筛样品的晶粒尺寸为3-5µm,表面粗糙、呈八面体、比表面积为592.1 m^(2)/g。吸附测试证实:当溶液pH≥6.52时,Pb^(2+)、Zn^(2+)、Cu^(2+)的去除率均达到99%,相应的饱和吸附量分别为35.82、49.18、41.19 mg/g。由此可见利用高硅尾渣合成13X分子筛在重金属废水处理方面具有较好的应用前景。

稀土尾矿水热直接合成A型分子筛

以白云鄂博稀土尾矿为原材料,碱熔活化稀土尾矿为硅源,偏铝酸钠为铝源,直接水热合成A型分子筛,以实现稀土尾矿资源二次利用。研究碱的添加量对稀土尾矿硅活化和偏铝酸钠添加量对分子筛合成的影响,采用XRF、XRD、SEM-EDS、BET等手段对合成分子筛的物相组成、微观形貌和孔结构进行分析。结果表明,当碱矿质量比为3时,尾矿活化较为完全,结晶态硅物种转变为可溶性的活性Si元素,Si元素的溶出率为84%。在无模板剂的条件下,碱熔活化稀土尾矿在不同硅铝物质的量之比下均能合成A型分子筛,分子筛呈规则的球形结构,具有较大的比表面积和孔容,孔结构为微孔,SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3)物质的量之比为1.5时合成的A型分子筛比表面积最大,为215.5 m^(2)/g。尾矿中的Fe、Mg和Si元素与Al元素反应生成铁铝直闪石杂质,降低了A型分子筛结晶度。