Alkaline earth benzoates were synthesized using hydrothermal reaction. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, X ray powder diffraction. All of them are monoclinic and have layered structure. The ...Alkaline earth benzoates were synthesized using hydrothermal reaction. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, X ray powder diffraction. All of them are monoclinic and have layered structure. The mechanism of thermal decomposition of alkaline earth benzoates was studied by using TG, DTA, IR and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The thermal decomposition of alkaline earth benzoates in nitrogen proceeded in one or two stages: they decomposed to form MCO 3 (M=Ca,Sr,Ba) or MgO and organic compounds, respectively. The organic compounds obtained from decomposition reaction are mainly benzophenone, triphenylmethane and so on.展开更多
The Alkaline Thermal Treatment(ATT)of biomass is one of the few biomass conversion processes that has a potential for BECCS(bio-energy with carbon capture and storage).Combining in-situ carbon capture withcreates a ca...The Alkaline Thermal Treatment(ATT)of biomass is one of the few biomass conversion processes that has a potential for BECCS(bio-energy with carbon capture and storage).Combining in-situ carbon capture withcreates a carbon-neutral process that has the potential to be carbon-negative.This study has shown that the conversion of cellulose tosuppressedcan be achieved through the reforming of gaseous intermediates in a fixed bed of 10%Ni/ZrO2.Reforming occurs at low temperatures≤773 K,which could allow for improved sustainability.展开更多
Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) plays an integral role in the metabolism of liver and development of the skeleton in humans. To date, the interactions between different-duration terahertz(THz) radiation and ALP activities, ...Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) plays an integral role in the metabolism of liver and development of the skeleton in humans. To date, the interactions between different-duration terahertz(THz) radiation and ALP activities, as well as the influence mechanism are still unclear. In this study, using the para-nitro-phenyl-phosphate(p NPP) method, we detect changes in ALP activities during 40-minute THz radiation(0.1 THz, 13 m W/cm^2). It is found that the activity of ALP decreases in the first 25 min, and subsequently increases in the later 15 min. Compared with the activity of ALP being heated, the results suggest that short-term terahertz radiation induces a decrease in enzyme activity through the non-thermal mechanism. In order to explore the non-thermal effects of THz radiation on ALP, we focus on the impacts of 0.1 THz radiation for 20 min on the activity of ALP in different concentrations. The results reveal that the activity of ALP decreases significantly after exposure to THz radiation. In addition, it could be deduced from fluorescence, ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis), and THz spectra results that THz radiation has induced changes in ALP structures. Our study unlocks non-thermal interactions between THz radiation and ALP, as well as suggests that THz spectroscopy is a promising technique to distinguish ALP structures.展开更多
Thermal alkaline hydrolysis is a common pretreatment method for the utilization of excess activated sludge(EAS).Owing to strict environment laws and need for better energy utilization,new methods were developed in thi...Thermal alkaline hydrolysis is a common pretreatment method for the utilization of excess activated sludge(EAS).Owing to strict environment laws and need for better energy utilization,new methods were developed in this study to improve the efficiency of pretreatment method.Direct thermal hydrolysis(TH),pasteurized thermal hydrolysis(PTH),and alkaline pasteurized thermal hydrolysis(PTH+CaO and PTH+NaOH)methods were used to treat EAS.Each method was compared and analyzed in terms of dissolution in ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)and soluble COD(SCOD)in EAS.Furthermore,the removal of tetracycline resistance genes(TRGs)and class 1 transposon gene intI1 from EAS was investigated.The NH_(4)^(+)-N and SCOD concentrations in EAS treated by PTH were 1.24 and 2.58 times higher than those of TH.However,the removal efficiency of total TRGs and intI1 between the groups was comparable.The SCOD concentration of the PTH+NaOH group was 4.37 times higher than that of the PTH group,and the removal efficiency of total TRGs was increased by 9.52%compared with that by PTH.The NH_(4)^(+)-N and SCOD concentrations of the PTH+CaO group could reach 85.04%and 92.14%of the PTH+NaOH group,but the removal efficiency of total TRGs by PTH+CaO was 19.78%lower than that by PTH+NaOH.Thus,to reduce the financial cost in actual operation,lime(CaO)can be used instead of a strong alkali(NaOH),and pasteurized steam at 70℃ instead of conventional high-temperature heating to treat EAS.This study provides a reference for the development of alkaline hydrolysis under moderate temperatures along with the removal of TRGs in EAS.展开更多
Sludge bio-char(SC)and thermal-alkaline treated sludge bio-char(TSC)were prepared from municipal sewage sludge(RS)and thermal-alkaline treated sludge sediments(STAS)through fast pyrolysis under nitrogen existence cond...Sludge bio-char(SC)and thermal-alkaline treated sludge bio-char(TSC)were prepared from municipal sewage sludge(RS)and thermal-alkaline treated sludge sediments(STAS)through fast pyrolysis under nitrogen existence condition to remove cationic red X-GRL(A)and cationic yellow X-6G(B)from aqueous solutions.Results of adsorption experiment show that the adsorption capacities of TSC are better than the adsorption capacities of SC.The highest adsorption capacity of 47.65 mg/g for A and 45.41mg/g for B are obtained by TSC in an isotherm experiment at 2.0 g/L dosage and 25°C temperature.TSC adsorption for the two kinds of cationic dyes can be well fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetics model and Langmuir isotherm model.展开更多
During the development of hot dry rock,the research on thermal fatigue damage caused by thermal shock of cold and heat cycles is the basis that ensures the long-term utilization of geothermal resources,but there are n...During the development of hot dry rock,the research on thermal fatigue damage caused by thermal shock of cold and heat cycles is the basis that ensures the long-term utilization of geothermal resources,but there are not enough relevant studies at present.Based on this,the thermal damage tests of granite at different temperatures(250,350,450°C)and quenching cycles(1,5,10,15 cycles)were carried out.Preliminary reveals the damage mechanism and heat transfer law of the quenching cycle effect on hot dry rock.The results show that with the increase of temperature and cycles,the uneven thermal expansion of minerals and the thermal shock caused by quenching promote the crack development of granite,resulting in the decrease of P-wave velocity,thermal conductivity and uniaxial compressive strength of granite.Meanwhile,the COMSOL was used to simulate the heat transfer of hot dry rock under different heat treatment conditions.It concluded that the increase in the number of quenching cycles reduced the heat transfer capacity of the granite,especially more than 10 quenching cycles,which also reflects that the thermal fatigue damage leads to a longer time for the temperature recovery of the hot dry rock mass.In addition,the three-dimensional nonlinear fitting relationship among thermal conductivity,temperature and cycle number was established for the first time,which can better reveal the change rule of thermal conductivity after quenching thermal fatigue effect of hot dry rock.The research results provide theoretical support for hot dry rock reservoir reconstruction and production efficiency evaluation.展开更多
The pure phases of alkaline earth molybdates MMoO 4, where M=Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba, were synthesized via the calcination of the related citrato oxomolybdate complexes. The mixed metal oxides can be highly dispersed at the...The pure phases of alkaline earth molybdates MMoO 4, where M=Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba, were synthesized via the calcination of the related citrato oxomolybdate complexes. The mixed metal oxides can be highly dispersed at the atomic level due to the existence of uniform citrato oxomolybdenum precursors in definite composition. The complexing effect helps to produce the fine-grained oxides with particle size in the ultrafine scale(<100 nm) at heat-treatment temperatures below 500 ℃. The structures of the precursor complexes and the finally heat-treated particles were studied by means of IR, XRD, DSC, DTA and TG techniques. The morphologies of the particles were observed by using the SEM technique. The average particle sizes were calculated to be in the range of 30_50 nm based on X-ray diffraction line-broadening and SEM images, indicating the poor conglomeration of crystallite at low temperatures.展开更多
Hydrogen,a green energy carrier,is one of the most promising energy sources.However,it is currently mainly produced from depleting fossil fuels with high carbon emissions,which has serious negative effects on the econ...Hydrogen,a green energy carrier,is one of the most promising energy sources.However,it is currently mainly produced from depleting fossil fuels with high carbon emissions,which has serious negative effects on the economy and environment.To address this issue,sustainable hydrogen production from bio-energy with carbon capture and storage(HyBECCS)is an ideal technology to reduce global carbon emissions while meeting energy demand.This review presents an overview of the latest progress in alkaline thermal treatment(ATT)of biomass for hydrogen production with carbon storage,especially focusing on the technical characteristics and related challenges from an industrial application perspective.Additionally,the roles of alkali and catalyst in the ATT process are critically discussed,and several aspects that have great influences on the ATT process,such as biomass types,reaction parameters,and reactors,are expounded.Finally,the potential solutions to the general challenges and obstacles to the future industrial-scale application of ATT of biomass for hydrogen production are proposed.展开更多
Enzyme activity is strongly dependent on its conformational integrity. The present paper compares the inactivation and unfolding of green crab (Scylla serrata) alkaline phosphate during thermal denaturation. The resul...Enzyme activity is strongly dependent on its conformational integrity. The present paper compares the inactivation and unfolding of green crab (Scylla serrata) alkaline phosphate during thermal denaturation. The results show that inactivation takes place before noticeable conformational changes. This is in general accord with the suggestion previously made by Tsou, indicating that the active site of multi metal enzymes is situated in a region more flexible than the molecules as a whole.展开更多
文摘Alkaline earth benzoates were synthesized using hydrothermal reaction. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, X ray powder diffraction. All of them are monoclinic and have layered structure. The mechanism of thermal decomposition of alkaline earth benzoates was studied by using TG, DTA, IR and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The thermal decomposition of alkaline earth benzoates in nitrogen proceeded in one or two stages: they decomposed to form MCO 3 (M=Ca,Sr,Ba) or MgO and organic compounds, respectively. The organic compounds obtained from decomposition reaction are mainly benzophenone, triphenylmethane and so on.
文摘The Alkaline Thermal Treatment(ATT)of biomass is one of the few biomass conversion processes that has a potential for BECCS(bio-energy with carbon capture and storage).Combining in-situ carbon capture withcreates a carbon-neutral process that has the potential to be carbon-negative.This study has shown that the conversion of cellulose tosuppressedcan be achieved through the reforming of gaseous intermediates in a fixed bed of 10%Ni/ZrO2.Reforming occurs at low temperatures≤773 K,which could allow for improved sustainability.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61675151)
文摘Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) plays an integral role in the metabolism of liver and development of the skeleton in humans. To date, the interactions between different-duration terahertz(THz) radiation and ALP activities, as well as the influence mechanism are still unclear. In this study, using the para-nitro-phenyl-phosphate(p NPP) method, we detect changes in ALP activities during 40-minute THz radiation(0.1 THz, 13 m W/cm^2). It is found that the activity of ALP decreases in the first 25 min, and subsequently increases in the later 15 min. Compared with the activity of ALP being heated, the results suggest that short-term terahertz radiation induces a decrease in enzyme activity through the non-thermal mechanism. In order to explore the non-thermal effects of THz radiation on ALP, we focus on the impacts of 0.1 THz radiation for 20 min on the activity of ALP in different concentrations. The results reveal that the activity of ALP decreases significantly after exposure to THz radiation. In addition, it could be deduced from fluorescence, ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis), and THz spectra results that THz radiation has induced changes in ALP structures. Our study unlocks non-thermal interactions between THz radiation and ALP, as well as suggests that THz spectroscopy is a promising technique to distinguish ALP structures.
基金supported by the Key R&D Projects of the Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology in 2022 (No.2022YFS0457)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students (No.202210649050).
文摘Thermal alkaline hydrolysis is a common pretreatment method for the utilization of excess activated sludge(EAS).Owing to strict environment laws and need for better energy utilization,new methods were developed in this study to improve the efficiency of pretreatment method.Direct thermal hydrolysis(TH),pasteurized thermal hydrolysis(PTH),and alkaline pasteurized thermal hydrolysis(PTH+CaO and PTH+NaOH)methods were used to treat EAS.Each method was compared and analyzed in terms of dissolution in ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)and soluble COD(SCOD)in EAS.Furthermore,the removal of tetracycline resistance genes(TRGs)and class 1 transposon gene intI1 from EAS was investigated.The NH_(4)^(+)-N and SCOD concentrations in EAS treated by PTH were 1.24 and 2.58 times higher than those of TH.However,the removal efficiency of total TRGs and intI1 between the groups was comparable.The SCOD concentration of the PTH+NaOH group was 4.37 times higher than that of the PTH group,and the removal efficiency of total TRGs was increased by 9.52%compared with that by PTH.The NH_(4)^(+)-N and SCOD concentrations of the PTH+CaO group could reach 85.04%and 92.14%of the PTH+NaOH group,but the removal efficiency of total TRGs by PTH+CaO was 19.78%lower than that by PTH+NaOH.Thus,to reduce the financial cost in actual operation,lime(CaO)can be used instead of a strong alkali(NaOH),and pasteurized steam at 70℃ instead of conventional high-temperature heating to treat EAS.This study provides a reference for the development of alkaline hydrolysis under moderate temperatures along with the removal of TRGs in EAS.
文摘Sludge bio-char(SC)and thermal-alkaline treated sludge bio-char(TSC)were prepared from municipal sewage sludge(RS)and thermal-alkaline treated sludge sediments(STAS)through fast pyrolysis under nitrogen existence condition to remove cationic red X-GRL(A)and cationic yellow X-6G(B)from aqueous solutions.Results of adsorption experiment show that the adsorption capacities of TSC are better than the adsorption capacities of SC.The highest adsorption capacity of 47.65 mg/g for A and 45.41mg/g for B are obtained by TSC in an isotherm experiment at 2.0 g/L dosage and 25°C temperature.TSC adsorption for the two kinds of cationic dyes can be well fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetics model and Langmuir isotherm model.
基金supported by the Department of Science&Technology of Guangdong Province(No.2019ZT08G315)the open foundation of Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering(Sichuan University)+3 种基金Ministry of Education(No.DESE202102)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41972288,51804203,and 51827901)Applied Basic Research Programs of Sichuan Province(No.2021YJ0411)Shenzhen City Clean Energy Research Institute。
文摘During the development of hot dry rock,the research on thermal fatigue damage caused by thermal shock of cold and heat cycles is the basis that ensures the long-term utilization of geothermal resources,but there are not enough relevant studies at present.Based on this,the thermal damage tests of granite at different temperatures(250,350,450°C)and quenching cycles(1,5,10,15 cycles)were carried out.Preliminary reveals the damage mechanism and heat transfer law of the quenching cycle effect on hot dry rock.The results show that with the increase of temperature and cycles,the uneven thermal expansion of minerals and the thermal shock caused by quenching promote the crack development of granite,resulting in the decrease of P-wave velocity,thermal conductivity and uniaxial compressive strength of granite.Meanwhile,the COMSOL was used to simulate the heat transfer of hot dry rock under different heat treatment conditions.It concluded that the increase in the number of quenching cycles reduced the heat transfer capacity of the granite,especially more than 10 quenching cycles,which also reflects that the thermal fatigue damage leads to a longer time for the temperature recovery of the hot dry rock mass.In addition,the three-dimensional nonlinear fitting relationship among thermal conductivity,temperature and cycle number was established for the first time,which can better reveal the change rule of thermal conductivity after quenching thermal fatigue effect of hot dry rock.The research results provide theoretical support for hot dry rock reservoir reconstruction and production efficiency evaluation.
基金the Foundation of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.G19990 2 2 4 0 8and0 0 1CB10 890 6 )
文摘The pure phases of alkaline earth molybdates MMoO 4, where M=Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba, were synthesized via the calcination of the related citrato oxomolybdate complexes. The mixed metal oxides can be highly dispersed at the atomic level due to the existence of uniform citrato oxomolybdenum precursors in definite composition. The complexing effect helps to produce the fine-grained oxides with particle size in the ultrafine scale(<100 nm) at heat-treatment temperatures below 500 ℃. The structures of the precursor complexes and the finally heat-treated particles were studied by means of IR, XRD, DSC, DTA and TG techniques. The morphologies of the particles were observed by using the SEM technique. The average particle sizes were calculated to be in the range of 30_50 nm based on X-ray diffraction line-broadening and SEM images, indicating the poor conglomeration of crystallite at low temperatures.
基金the financial support provided by the State Key Laboratory of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering(RIPP,SINOPEC)the Key program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22078208)the Open Project of Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials&Devices,Ministry of Education,Sichuan University(Grant NO.AEMD202212).
文摘Hydrogen,a green energy carrier,is one of the most promising energy sources.However,it is currently mainly produced from depleting fossil fuels with high carbon emissions,which has serious negative effects on the economy and environment.To address this issue,sustainable hydrogen production from bio-energy with carbon capture and storage(HyBECCS)is an ideal technology to reduce global carbon emissions while meeting energy demand.This review presents an overview of the latest progress in alkaline thermal treatment(ATT)of biomass for hydrogen production with carbon storage,especially focusing on the technical characteristics and related challenges from an industrial application perspective.Additionally,the roles of alkali and catalyst in the ATT process are critically discussed,and several aspects that have great influences on the ATT process,such as biomass types,reaction parameters,and reactors,are expounded.Finally,the potential solutions to the general challenges and obstacles to the future industrial-scale application of ATT of biomass for hydrogen production are proposed.
文摘Enzyme activity is strongly dependent on its conformational integrity. The present paper compares the inactivation and unfolding of green crab (Scylla serrata) alkaline phosphate during thermal denaturation. The results show that inactivation takes place before noticeable conformational changes. This is in general accord with the suggestion previously made by Tsou, indicating that the active site of multi metal enzymes is situated in a region more flexible than the molecules as a whole.
