BMPRⅡ^(+)neural precursor cells isolated and characterized from organotypic neurospheres:an in vitro model of human fetal spinal cord development

Roof plate secretion of bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs)directs the cellular fate of sensory neurons during spinal cord development,including the formation of the ascending sensory columns,though their biology is not well understood.Type-ⅡBMP receptor(BMPRⅡ),the cognate receptor,is expressed by neural precursor cells during embryogenesis;however,an in vitro method of enriching BMPRⅡ^(+)human neural precursor cells(hNPCs)from the fetal spinal cord is absent.Immunofluorescence was undertaken on intact second-trimester human fetal spinal cord using antibodies to BMPRⅡand leukemia inhibitory factor(LIF).Regions of highest BMPRⅡ^(+)immunofluorescence localized to sensory columns.Parenchymal and meningeal-associated BMPRⅡ^(+)vascular cells were identified in both intact fetal spinal cord and cortex by co-positivity with vascular lineage markers,CD34/CD39.LIF immunostaining identified a population of somas concentrated in dorsal and ventral horn interneurons,mirroring the expression of LIF receptor/CD118.A combination of LIF supplementation and high-density culture maintained culture growth beyond 10 passages,while synergistically increasing the proportion of neurospheres with a stratified,cytoarchitecture.These neurospheres were characterized by BMPRⅡ^(+)/MAP2ab^(+/–)/βⅢ-tubulin^(+)/nestin^(–)/vimentin^(–)/GFAP^(–)/NeuN^(–)surface hNPCs surrounding a heterogeneous core ofβⅢ-tubulin^(+)/nestin^(+)/vimentin^(+)/GFAP^(+)/MAP2ab^(–)/NeuN^(–)multipotent precursors.Dissociated cultures from tripotential neurospheres contained neuronal(βⅢ-tubulin^(+)),astrocytic(GFAP+),and oligodendrocytic(O4+)lineage cells.Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs were MAP2ab^(+/–)/βⅢ-tubulin^(+)/GFAP^(–)/O4^(–)in culture.This is the first isolation of BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs identified and characterized in human fetal spinal cords.Our data show that LIF combines synergistically with high-density reaggregate cultures to support the organotypic reorganization of neurospheres,characterized by surface BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs.Our study has provided a new methodology for an in vitro model capable of amplifying human fetal spinal cord cell numbers for>10 passages.Investigations of the role BMPRⅡplays in spinal cord development have primarily relied upon mouse and rat models,with interpolations to human development being derived through inference.Because of significant species differences between murine biology and human,including anatomical dissimilarities in central nervous system(CNS)structure,the findings made in murine models cannot be presumed to apply to human spinal cord development.For these reasons,our human in vitro model offers a novel tool to better understand neurodevelopmental pathways,including BMP signaling,as well as spinal cord injury research and testing drug therapies.

Human Rights and Development:China's Contributions Based on a Larger Concept of Human Rights

The Western liberal view of global governance can no longer effectively address the challenges facing the world today or respond to the demands of developing countries in the fields of human rights and development.Meanwhile,the United Nations human rights and development agenda also has its limitations.Against such a backdrop,China's path of human rights development has avoided the trap of human rights confrontation and the clash of civilizations.It has set an example of complementarity and positive interaction between human rights and development by unifying collective human rights with individual human rights and integrating the universality and particularity of human rights.Xi Jinping,general secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,delivered a speech at the 37th group study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on China's Path of Human Rights Development.This elevated China's human rights development to a new historical height.Practice has proved that China's concept and path of human rights in the new era have not only effectively promoted the development of its human rights cause,but also contributed Chinese wisdom to the global cause of human rights and development with a larger concept of human rights.Under the framework of the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind,the Belt and Road Initiative,and the Global Development Initiative,China has contributed to enhancing the discourse power of developing countries in human rights and building a fairer,more just,more reasonable and more inclusive system for global human rights governance.

Viewing Chinese modernization and Its Requirements for Human Rights Protection from the Perspective of Human Development

Modernization,as a specific stage in the historical development of human society,possesses a multi-layered composite structure,with each layer playing both a promoting and inhibiting role in human development and dignity simultaneously.Chinese modernization is a strategic choice made based on lessons learned from various experiences of modernization processes in other countries,reflecting judgments on the benefits and choices on the values of human development and dignity in modernization.It values the promotion of the free and well-rounded development of all individuals as its standard,demanding the full realization of the positive effects of modernization on human development and the overcoming of its negative effects.Human rights,aiming to promote the free and well-rounded development of every person as the ultimate value goal,are not only an intrinsic structural element of the modernization stage but also a social normative tool that restrains the direction of modernization development,aligning closely with the values pursued by Chinese modernization.Chinese modernization poses dual requirements for human rights protection:on the one hand,it demands the affirmation and promotion of the positive effects of modernization on human development and dignity through human rights standards,and on the other hand,it requires the prevention and mitigation of the negative effects of modernization on human development and dignity through human rights standards.There exists a certain tension between these two dimensions,necessitating an appropriate balance and thereby presenting corresponding requirements for China’s approach to human rights protection.

Pioneering a New Realm of Human Rights Civilization in the Chinese Path to Modernization——An Overview of the Symposium on“The Chinese Path to Modernization and the Promotion of Free and Comprehensive Human Development”

On October 14,2023,a symposium themed“The Chinese Path to Modernization and the Promotion of Free and Comprehensive Human Development”was held in Changchun,Jilin Province,China.More than fifty experts,scholars,and researchers from national institutions and universities engaged in discussions and exchanges on human rights on the Chinese path to modernization,including the path,practice,knowledge systems,and civilization forms of human rights.This symposium played a significant role in advancing the construction of the disciplinary system,academic system,and discourse system of human rights in China.

Research on the Constitutional,Historical and Practical Logic of the Chinese Path of Human Rights Development——From the Perspective of the Inclusion of Human Rights Clause in the Constitution

The inclusion of the human rights clause in the Chi-nese Constitution is a concern and expression of the spirit of the Con-stitution,which has laid the institutional regulations of the fundamen-tal law for the development of human rights in China,provided the principles and value norms of the highest level of effectiveness for the legal protection of human rights,and built a profound constitutional basis for the formation and improvement of the Chinese path of human rights development.The human rights clause is not only a summariza-tion and affirmation of the historical practice of Chinese human rights development under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,but also a new starting point for the development of human rights in China under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.It marks that the development of human rights in China has entered a new era.The Party and the state have finally embarked on a path of human rights development with Chinese characteristics by formulating and implementing the Human Rights Action Plan of China,eliminating ab-solute poverty through the national poverty alleviation campaign,and promoting human rights protection through the rule of law.

Exploring the Association between Climate Change and Human Development: A Visual Analytics Study

This study explores the complex relationship between climate change and human development. The aim is to understand how climate change affects human development across countries, regions, and the global population. Visual analytics were used to examine the impact of various climate change indicators on different aspects of human development. The study highlights the urgent need for climate change action and encourages policymakers to make decisive moves. Climate change adversely affects numerous aspects of daily life, leading to significant consequences that must be addressed through policy changes and global governance recommendations. Key findings include that regions with higher CO2 emissions experience a significantly higher incidence of life-threatening diseases compared to regions with lower emissions. Additionally, higher CO2 emissions correlate with consistent death rates. Increased pollution exposure is associated with a higher prevalence of life-threatening diseases and higher rates of malnutrition. Moreover, greater mineral depletion is linked to more frequent life-threatening diseases, suggesting that industrialization contributes to adverse health effects. These results provide valuable insights for policy and decision-making aimed at mitigating the impact of climate change on human development.

The Impact of Human Resource Management on University Development

As competition in the education industry intensifies and the knowledge economy evolves,the significance of Human Resource Management(HRM)in university institutions.This study aims to explore how HRM affects the sustainable development and competitiveness improvement of universities.This article begins with a theoretical analysis to define the concept of HRM and its particular relevance within university education.The subsequent analysis examines the multi-dimensional framework of university development,encompassing its connotation,goals,and key influencing factors.The article further elaborates on the positive effects of HRM on university teaching quality,scientific research capabilities,organizational culture,and social services.On this basis,the main challenges currently faced by university HRM are discussed,such as talent mobility,institutional constraints,resource limitations,and internationalization pressure.Finally,optimization strategies are proposed,including building a scientific human resources system,enhancing talent training and development,fostering diversity among teaching staff,and improving decision-making efficiency and transparency.The conclusions of this study aim to provide strategic insights for university education managers to better utilize human resource advantages and promote the comprehensive and sustainable development of universities.

The Impact of Human Resource Management on Regional Economic Development

A company that does a good job in human resource management will promote the process of regional economic development,and related enterprises will develop rapidly as a result.In future work,enterprises should carefully study the relationship between the two,and innovate their human resource management and development methods while fully considering the needs of talent development and regional economic development,in order to fundamentally optimize the regional economic development status.

The generation and properties of human cortical organoids as a disease model for malformations of cortical development

As three-dimensional“organ-like”aggregates,human cortical organoids have emerged as powerful models for studying human brain evolution and brain disorders with unique advantages of humanspecificity,fidelity and manipulation.Human cortical organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells can elaborately replicate many of the key properties of human cortical development at the molecular,cellular,structural,and functional levels,including the anatomy,functional neural network,and interaction among different brain regions,thus facilitating the discovery of brain development and evolution.In addition to studying the neuro-electrophysiological features of brain cortex development,human cortical organoids have been widely used to mimic the pathophysiological features of cortical-related disease,especially in mimicking malformations of cortical development,thus revealing pathological mechanism and identifying effective drugs.In this review,we provide an overview of the generation of human cortical organoids and the properties of recapitulated cortical development and further outline their applications in modeling malformations of cortical development including pathological phenotype,underlying mechanisms and rescue strategies.

Leveraging Robust Artificial Intelligence for Mechatronic Product Development—A Literature Review

Mechatronic product development is a complex and multidisciplinary field that encompasses various domains, including, among others, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, control theory and software engineering. The integration of artificial intelligence technologies is revolutionizing this domain, offering opportunities to enhance design processes, optimize performance, and leverage vast amounts of knowledge. However, human expertise remains essential in contextualizing information, considering trade-offs, and ensuring ethical and societal implications are taken into account. This paper therefore explores the existing literature regarding the application of artificial intelligence as a comprehensive database, decision support system, and modeling tool in mechatronic product development. It analyzes the benefits of artificial intelligence in enabling domain linking, replacing human expert knowledge, improving prediction quality, and enhancing intelligent control systems. For this purpose, a consideration of the V-cycle takes place, a standard in mechatronic product development. Along this, an initial assessment of the AI potential is shown and important categories of AI support are formed. This is followed by an examination of the literature with regard to these aspects. As a result, the integration of artificial intelligence in mechatronic product development opens new possibilities and transforms the way innovative mechatronic systems are conceived, designed, and deployed. However, the approaches are only taking place selectively, and a holistic view of the development processes and the potential for robust and context-sensitive artificial intelligence along them is still needed.

Ways to Cultivate and Develop Human Resources in the New Situation

In the trend of globalization,digitization,and economic integration,human resources are the core competitiveness of enterprises,and cultivating and developing them is crucial for enhancing competitive advantages.This article delves into how human resource development drives enterprise innovation,promotes team collaboration,and optimizes performance management.Currently,although many enterprises are beginning to attach importance to human resource development,they still face problems such as insufficient investment,weak targeted training,and insufficient exploration of employee potential.Therefore,it is proposed that in the new situation,enterprises need to strengthen diversified training strategies,use digital tools to improve training efficiency,build a fair performance evaluation system,stimulate employee potential,and promote internal talent mobility.The implementation of these strategies will effectively enhance the efficiency of enterprise human resource management and consolidate market position.

Correlation between the Human Development Index and the Incidence and Mortality of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Objective This study was to examine the relationship between socioeconomic status and the incidence and mortality of non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL).Methods We compared the age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR),age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR),and the ASMR to ASIR ratio(MIR)at national and regional levels and studied the correlation between the MIR and the human development index(HDI)in 2012 and 2018.Results The highest ASIR was in North America in 2012 and in Australia in 2018,and the lowest ASIR was in Central and South Asia in both 2012 and 2018.The highest ASMR was in North Africa in both 2012 and 2018,and the lowest ASMR was in Eastern Asia and South-Central Asia in 2012 and in South-Central Asia in 2018.The lowest MIR was in Australia in both 2012 and 2018,and the highest MIR was in Western Africa in both 2012 and 2018.HDI was strongly negatively correlated with MIR(r:−0.8810,P<0.0001,2012;r:−0.8895,P<0.0001,2018).Compared to the 2012 data,the MIR in the intermediate HDI countries significantly deceased and the HDI in low and high HDI countries significantly increased in 2018.Conclusion The MIR is negatively correlated with HDI.Increasing the HDI in low and intermediate HDI countries may reduce the MIR and increase the survival of patients with NHL.

On All-round Development of Human Rights in China

In October 2003, the Third Plenary Session of the Sixteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China （CPC） called for adherence to ＂the outlook toward development based on the fundamental interests of the people, toward an all-round, balanced and sustainable development.＂ The session also proposed to the National People＇s Congress （NPC） that respect for and protection of human rights be written into the country＇s Constitution. And accordingly, the NPC adopted a decision to revise the Constitution the following year. The call and the proposal were inter-related. The call sets the guideline, the theoretical basis and the orientation for the development of human rights in China. The pro- posal subsequently resulted in a revision of-the Constitution, the fundamental state law, which came as a legal guarantee for respect for and protection of human rights. Then, the ＂task of promoting an all-round development of the human rights cause＂ was written down into the country＇s Eleventh Five-Year Program for National Economic and Social Development （2006-2010）, which was approved by the NPC in March 2006. This was the first time that the development of human rights was written into a national program for social development. This means that an even closer link has been forged between China＇s human rights cause on one hand and the country＇s political, economic, cultural and social welfare undertakings on the other, thus preparing China＇s human rights cause for faster and sustainable development. We are now safe to predict that in the future, there will be even more and better rights the Chinese people are able to enjoy.

Current Use and Coordinated Development of Traditional Residential Districts from the Perspective of Human Settlement—A Case Study of Nanyuan Dormitory Area of Anhui Agricultural University

In view of China's rapid urbanization,Nanyuan Dormitory Area of Anhui Agricultural University was studied as a representative of traditional living quarters with harmonious neighborhood relationship to discuss current use and coordinated development of traditional residential districts from the perspective of human settlement.Problems in the dormitory area were analyzed,neighboring environment,regional characteristics,cultures and all relevant elements were fully considered to build a favorable human settlement by following the coordinated development of human settlement and economy.Renovation strategies on the basis of maintaining original favorable human settlement were discussed from the perspectives of space ecology,dwelling environment,facilities and humanistic environment,so as to provide new concepts for the sustainable development of urban traditional residential districts and the construction of favorable human settlement.

Impact of national Human Development Index on liver cancer outcomes: Transition from 2008 to 2018

BACKGROUND Liver cancer is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide.Socioeconomic development,indicated by the Human Development Index(HDI),is closely interconnected with public health.But the manner in which social development and medical advances influenced liver cancer patients in the past decade is still unknown.AIM To investigate the influence of HDI on clinical outcomes for patients with existing liver cancer from 2008 to 2018.METHODS The HDI values were obtained from the United Nations Development Programme,the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer were obtained from the GLOBOCAN database to calculate the mortality-toincidence ratio,and the estimated 5-year net survival of patients with liver cancer was provided by the CONCORD-3 program.We then explored the association of mortality-to-incidence ratio and survival with HDI,with a focus on geographic variability across countries as well as temporal heterogeneity over the past decade.RESULTS From 2008 to 2018,the epidemiology of liver cancer had changed across countries.Liver cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios were negatively correlated and showed good fit with a modified“dose-to-inhibition response”pattern with HDI(r=-0.548,P<0.0001 for 2018;r=-0.617,P<0.0001 for 2008).Cancer survival was positively associated with HDI(r=0.408,P<0.01)and negatively associated with mortality-to-incidence ratio(r=-0.346,P<0.05),solidly confirming the interrelation among liver cancer outcome indicators and socioeconomic factors.Notably,in the past decade,the HDI values in most countries have increased alongside a decreasing tendency of liver cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios(P<0.0001),and survival outcomes have simultaneously improved(P<0.001),with significant disparities across countries.CONCLUSION Socioeconomic factors have a significant influence on cancer outcomes.HDI values have increased along with improved cancer outcomes,with significant disparities among countries.

Artificial Intelligence and the Sustainable Development Goals: An Exploratory Study in the Context of the Society Domain

Artificial Intelligence (AI) experienced significant advancements in recent years, and its potential power is already recognized across various industries. Yet, the rise of AI has led to a growing concern about its impact on meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The aim of this paper was to evaluate contributions and the potential influence of AI to sustainable development in the society domain. Furthermore, the study analyzed GPT-3 responses, as one of the largest language models developed by OpenAI, descriptively. We conducted a set of queries on the SDGs to gather information on GPT-3’s perceptions of AI impact on sustainable development. Analysis of GPT-3’s contribution potential towards the SDGs showcased its broad range of capabilities for contributing to the SDGs in areas such as education, health, and communication. The study findings provide valuable insights into the contributions of AI to sustainable development in the society domain and highlight the importance of proper regulations to promote the responsible use of AI for sustainable development. We highlighted the potential for improvement in neural language processing skills of GPT-3 by avoiding imitating weak human writing styles with more mistakes in longer texts.

Human development index is associated with mortality-to-incidence ratios of gastrointestinal cancers

AIM:To identify the role of human development in the incidence and mortality rates of gastrointestinal cancers worldwide.METHODS:The age-standardized incidence and mortality rates for gastrointestinal cancers,including cancers of the esophagus,stomach,pancreas,liver,gallbladder,and colorectum,were obtained from the GLOBOCAN 2008 database and United States Cancer Statistics(USCS)report.The human development index(HDI)data were calculated according to the 2011 Human Development Report.We estimated the mortality-toincidence ratios(MIRs)at the regional and national levels,and explored the association of the MIR with development levels as measured by the HDI using a modified"drug dose to inhibition response"model.Furthermore,countries were divided into four groups according to the HDI distribution,and the MIRs of the four HDI groups were compared by one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey-Kramer post-hoc test.Statespecific MIRs in the United States were predicted from the estimated HDI using the fitted non-linear model,and were compared with the actual MIRs calculated from data in the USCS report.RESULTS:The worldwide incidence and mortality rates of gastrointestinal cancers were as high as 39.4and 54.9 cases per 100000 individuals,respectively.Linear and non-linear regression analyses revealed an inverse correlation between the MIR of gastrointestinal cancers and the HDI at the regional and national levels(<0;P=0.0028 for regional level and<0.0001 for national level,ANOVA).The MIR differed significantly among the four HDI areas(very high HDI,0.620±0.033;high HDI,0.807±0.018;medium HDI,0.857±0.021;low HDI,0.953±0.011;P<0.001,oneway ANOVA).Prediction of the MIRs for individual United States states using best-fitted non-linear models showed little deviation from the actual MIRs in the United States.Except for 28 data points(9.93%of282),the actual MIRs of all gastrointestinal cancers were mostly located in the prediction intervals via the best-fit non-linear regression models.CONCLUSION:The inverse correlation between HDI and MIR demonstrates that more developed areas have a relatively efficacious healthcare system,resulting in low MIRs,and HDI can be used to estimate the MIR.

Human pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids:Current progress and challenges

Human pluripotent stem cell(hPSC)-derived kidney organoids share similarities with the fetal kidney.However,the current hPSC-derived kidney organoids have some limitations,including the inability to perform nephrogenesis and lack of a corticomedullary definition,uniform vascular system,and coordinated exit path-way for urinary filtrate.Therefore,further studies are required to produce hPSC-derived kidney organoids that accurately mimic human kidneys to facilitate research on kidney development,regeneration,disease modeling,and drug screening.In this review,we discussed recent advances in the generation of hPSC-derived kidney organoids,how these organoids contribute to the understanding of human kidney development and research in disease modeling.Additionally,the limitations,future research focus,and applications of hPSC-derived kidney organoids were highlighted.

Cultivating New-type Farmers Based on the Theory of Human Resources Development

Under the direction of theory of human resources development,this thesis analyzes the impact of rural human resources development oncultivating new-type farmers.Firstly,it increases the input of rural basic education;secondly,it reinforces the vocational education and technologytraining;thirdly,it promotes the rural medical and public health services;fourthly,it quickens the rural labor transfer.The status quo of China's ruralhuman resources has been analyzed as follows:in terms of the quantity of rural human resources,the status quo is large and quick-developed baseof rural human resources,high labor participatory rate,and constitution of low age;in terms of the quality of rural human resources,the status quois the ubiquitous low quality of rural human resources,low technological level of rural human resources,and overall low physical quality of farmers;in terms of the structure of rural human resources,the status quo is the irrational industrial structure distribution and imbalanced regional structuredistribution.The thesis also discusses the edification of theory of human resources development in cultivating new-type farmers.First,in terms ofthe control over quantity of rural human resources,it is to keep the stability of family planning policy,and expedite the transfer of rural surplus la-bor;second,in terms of promoting the quality of rural human resources,it is to bolster the development of reserve rural labor force resources,toconstruct the adult educational training system with Chinese characteristics,and to build rural primary health care system;third,in terms of adjus-ting the structure of rural human resources,it is to perfect rural human resources market,and adjust rural economical structure and talents struc-ture.

Organic carbon isotope and pollen evidence for mangrove development and response to human activity in Guangxi(Southwest China) over the last 140 years

Mangrove degradation must reduce carbon sequestration in recent years, thereby aggravating global warming.Thus, short-term impacts of human activity on mangrove ecosystems are cause for concern from local governments and scientists. Mangroves sediments can provide detailed records of mangrove species variation in the last one hundred years, based on detailed 210 Pb data. The study traced the history of mangrove development and its response to environmental change over the last 140 years in two mangrove swamps of Guangxi, Southwest China. Average sedimentation rates were calculated to be 0.48 cm/a and 0.56 cm/a in the Yingluo Bay and the Maowei Sea, respectively. Chemical indicators（δ13Corg and C：N） were utilized to trace the contribution of mangrove-derived organic matter（MOM） using a ternary mixing model. Simultaneous use of mangrove pollen can help to supplement some of these limitations in diagenetic/overlap of isotopic signatures. We found that vertical distribution of MOM was consistent with mangrove pollen, which could provide similar information for tracing mangrove ecosystems. Therefore, mangrove development was reconstructed and divided into three stages： flourishing, degradation and re-flourishing/re-degradation period. The significant degradation, found in the period of 1968–1998 and 1907–2007 in the Yingluo Bay and the Maowei Sea, respectively, corresponding to a rapid increase of reclamation area and seawall length, rather than climate change as recorded in the region.