Allelopathic growth inhibition of Heterosigma akashiwo by the three Ulva spcieces(Ulva Pertusa,Ulva Linza,Enteromorpha intestinalis) under laboratory conditions

Allelopathic effects of several concentrations of fresh tissue,dry powder and dry tissue of three bloom-forming green macroalgae Ulva pertusa,Ulva linza and Enteromopha intestinalis on the red tide microalga Heterosigma akashiwo were evaluated in microcosms systems.The effects of macroalgae culture medium filtrate were investigated on H.akashiwo using initial or semi-continuous filtrate addition.Preliminary studies on the algicidal effects of one aqueous and four organic solvent extracts from the macroalgae on the microalga were carried out to confirm the existence of allelochemicals in the tissue of these macroalgae.The dry powder of U.pertusa was extracted with methanol,and the methanol extracts were partitioned to petroleum ether phase,ethyl acetate phase,butanol phase and distilled phase by liquid-liquid fractionation.The bioassays of the activity of every fraction were carried out on H.akashiwo.The resultant microcosms assay showed that the growth of H.akashiwo was strongly inhibited by using fresh tissues,dry powder or dry tissue of these three macroalgae,while aqueous and methanol extracts of both macroalgae had strong inhibitory effects on the growth of H.akashiwo,and the EC50 values for methanol extract of U.pertusa,U.linza or E.intestinalis were 0.016,0.028× 10-12 or 0.033× 10-12,respectively.While the other three organic solvent extracts (acetone,ether and chloroform) had no apparent effect on its growth,this suggests that the allelochemicals from these three maeroalgae had relatively high polarities.The activity of petroleum ether phase,ethyl acetate phase,butanol phase and distilled phase of U.pertusa methanol extract was carried out on H.akashiwo indicating that petroleum ether phase and ethyl acetate phase had stronger algicidal effect on H.akashiwo.The inhibition effect of the ethyl acetate phase was not as strong as that of petroleum ether phase,and effective concentration of petroleum ether phase was 17 mg/L for H.akashiwo.However,no significant algicidal effects were observed on the butanol phase and distilled water phase.These three macroalgae's culture medium filtrate exhibited no apparent growth inhibitory effect on the microalga under initial filtrate addition whereas the growth of H.akashiwo was significantly inhibited under semi-continuous filtrate addition,which suggests that continuous release of small quantities of rapidly degradable allelochemicals from the fresh tissue of both macroalgae was effective in inhibiting the growth of H.akashiwo.

六种大型藻浸提液对中肋骨条藻的抑制及活性成分分离

为比较大型藻抑制赤潮藻的能力,研究了孔石莼、羊栖菜、长浒苔、马尾藻、蜈蚣藻和裙带菜的干粉末海水浸提液对中肋骨条藻的化感抑制作用并从长浒苔中分离出具有强抑制作用的组分。分析6种大型藻浸提液对中肋骨条藻的生长抑制率(Inhibitory rate,IR%)和120 h的半效应浓度(Effect concentration,EC50,120 h)发现,孔石莼、羊栖菜、长浒苔、马尾藻和蜈蚣藻的浸提液在浓度达到2.4 g/L时可在实验周期内使中肋骨条藻全部致死,抑制率达到100%,全部致死所需时间分别为96、120、96、144和144 h,当浓度达到4.8 g/L时,6种大型藻均可全部杀死中肋骨条藻,6种大型藻对中肋骨条藻的EC50,120 h分别为1.0、1.0、1.1、1.4、1.5和4.7 g/L。从长浒苔浸提液中分离的乙酸乙酯萃取组分具有强抑藻效果,受试条件下,其EC50值为0.08 mg/L。乙酸乙酯相气相色谱-质谱分析表明,组分至少包含14种物质,其中9-十八炔和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯是含量最大的2种物质,各物质的抑藻活性尚需进一步研究。长浒苔具有很强的抑藻效果,具有应用于赤潮藻控制的潜力,研究结果为分离鉴定抑制中肋骨条藻的化感物质奠定了基础。