Effect of Sublingual Immunotherapy on Level of Cytokines in PBMCs of Patients with Allergic Asthma

This study examined the possible mechanism of sublingual immunotherapy（SLIT） in the treatment of allergic asthma.Forty asthma patients allergic to dust mite were enrolled.They received SLIT with dermatophagoides farinae（Der.f） drops for one year.Thirty healthy subjects served as controls.The levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ of peripheral blood mononuclear cells（PBMCs） were determined in allergic asthma patients before and after the SLIT as well as the healthy subjects.The results showed that the level of IL-4 was substantially increased and that of IFN-γ remarkably decreased in the patients before the SLIT as compared with those in the healthy subjects（P0.05）.After the SLIT,the level of IL-4 was significantly reduced and that of IFN-γ elevated in these allergic asthma patients.It was concluded that sublingual immunotherapy is effective for patients with allergic asthma.And it may work by regulating the balance of Th1/Th2 through changing the expression of IL-4 and IFN-γ in PBMCs.

TNF-α and IL-8 of the Patients with Allergic Asthma

The levels of serum TNF-α and IL-8 in the patients with allergic asthma during acute attack period and remission period, and the effects of glucocorticoid (GC) on them were investigated. By using ELISA, the levels of TNF-α and IL-8 were detected in the healthy volunteers (group C, n=40), the patients with allergic asthma (n=40) during acute attack period (group A) and remission period (group B) and those taking GC for a week (n=28). The results were compared among them. It was found that the levels of TNF-α and IL-8 in group A were higher than in group B and group C. In the patients subject to GC therapy, the levels of TNF-α and IL-8 were decreased as compared with those in group A. In group B, the level of TNF-α was higher than in group C, but there was no significant difference in the level of IL-8 between group B and group C. It was concluded that the inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-8, played important roles in the bronchus allergic inflammation. GC could reduce the levels of serum TNF-α and IL-8 to exert the anti-inflammatory effects.

Polymorphisms of IL-4, IL-4Rα, and AICDA Genes in Adult Allergic Asthma

The relationship between 3 polymorphisms sites [interleulin-4 (IL-4), IL-4 receptor (IL-4R)α chain and activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA)] and adult allergic asthma in China was studied. By using case-control method, DNA and clinical data were obtained from allergic asthmatic patients and compared with those in the control subjects. The subjects were genotyped for the IL-4 C-589T promoter polymorphism, the IL-4Rα chain Q576R and the AICDA C8408T by poly-merase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The results showed that the IL-4 C-589T was not associated with adult allergic asthma in China. However, the IL-4Rα chain 576R/R and AICDA 8408T/T frequency was significantly increased in allergic asthma group as compared with that in the control group [odd ratio (OR) = 3. 797 and 9. 127, respectively; P<0. 01)] and was correlated with the increased plasma total IgE. These data suggested that the IL-4Rα chain 576R/R and AICDA 8408T/T genotypes confer genetic susceptibility to adult allergic asthma in China.

Cytokines Expression in Lymphocytes From Rats With Allergic Asthma Induced by Pleurotus sapidus besidiospores

Allergic asthma caused by mushroom spores (Pleurotus sapidus besidiospores) is a common health problem among mushroom-cultivating workers in China. An animal model of allergic asthma through the challenge of Pleurotus sapidus besidiospores in primed rats was developed for investigating the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of the disease. In the study a series of related cytokines and their receptors, including their activity and mRNA levels of spleen lymphocytes isolated from asthmatic rats, were measured. Determined by 3H-TdR incorporation assay and NAG microcolorimetric assay, Con A-induced spleen lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 activity in culture supernatants of spleen lymphocytes from 7-day challengedrats with allergic asthma increased significantly by 261% and 208%, respectively, as compared with those in the control. Cytokines and their receptor expression at mRNA levels were determined by RNA/cDNA hybridization, using (α-32P-dCTP radiolabeled cDNA probes for different cytokines and their receptors in vitro. The results showed that mRNA expression of IL-4, GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-2 and IL-2R, except IL-6R, in lymphocytes of 7-day-challenged asthma-suffering rats, increased significantly by 54%, 45%, 170%, 83% and 76%, respectively. In 2-day challenged-rats, mRNA levels of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-2 increased by 37%,58% and 125%, respectively, whereas mRNA leve1s of GM-CSF, IL-2R and IL-6R remained unchanged. Thus, the experimental results suggested a significant increase in TH2type cytokines in the pathogenesis of Pleurotus sapidus besidiospore-induced allergic asthma and IL-4 may play an essential role.

The effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on allergic asthma rats

Objective:In order to explore the neuroendocrine regulation mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of allergic asthma and to provide theoretical basis for the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on regulating mind.Methods:Forty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups:blank group,model group,sham-acupuncture group,acupuncture group and moxibustion group.Ovalbumin(OVA)was used to sensitise the rats.Except the blank group,the other groups were established by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin(OVA)and atomization excitation.The blank group was injected intraperitoneally and atomized with normal saline instead of OVA.After successful modeling,the rats in blank and the model group have no any treatment;In the sham acupuncture group,non-acupoint tissues were selected for acupuncture treatment every day;Acupuncture group and moxibustion group were treated with acupuncture or moxibustion at selected acupoints.At the end of the experiment,blood samples were collected to determine corticotropin releasing hormone(CRH).Results:After being sensitised by OVA,the symptoms scores of rats were significantly increased.After treatment,the symptoms of each treatment group were significantly reduced.Compared with model group,the CRH in acupuncture and moxibustion groups were significantly reduced(All P<0.01).Compared with the sham acupuncture group,the CRH in acupuncture group were significantly reduced(P<0.05).Conclusion:As a kind of stimulation,acupuncture and moxibustion can regulate the content of CRH in the body by nerve endocrine system.The effect of"regulating mind"of acupuncture and moxibustion plays an important role in the treatment of allergic asthma.

Coexistence of Th1/Th2 and Thl7/Treg imbalances in patients with allergic asthma

Background Recent recognition is that Th2 response is insufficient to fully explain the aetiology of asthma. Other CD4^＋ T cells subsets might play a role in asthma. We investigated the relative abundance and activities of Thl, Th2, Th17 and CD4^＋CD25^＋ Treg cells in patients with allergic asthma. Methods Twenty-two patients with mild asthma, 17 patients with moderate to severe asthma and 20 healthy donors were enrolled. All patients were allergic to house dust mites. Plasma total IgE, pulmonary function and Asthma Control Questionnaire were assessed. The proportions of peripheral blood Thl, Th2, Th17 and CD4^＋CD25^＋ Treg cells were determined by flow cytometry. The expression of cytokines in plasma and Jn the culture supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was determined by enzyme linked, immunosorbent assay. Results The frequency of blood Th2 cells and IL-4 levels in plasma and culture supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were increased in all patients with allergic asthma. The frequency of Th17 cells and the plasma and culture supernatant levels of IL-17 were increased, whereas the frequency of CD4^＋CD25^＋ Treg cells and plasma IL-10 levels were decreased in patients with moderate to severe asthma. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus specific IgE levels were positively correlated with the percentage of blood Th2 cells and plasma IL-4 levels. Forced expiratory volume in the first second was negatively correlated with the frequency of Th17 cells and plasma IL-17 levels, and positively correlated with the frequency of Treg cells. However, mean Asthma Control Questionnaire scores were positively correlated with the frequency of Th17 cells and plasma IL-17 levels, and negatively correlated with the frequency of Treg cells. Conclusions Imbalances in Thl/Th2 and Th17/Treg were found in patients with allergic asthma. Furthermore, elevated Th17 cell responses, the absence of Tregs and an imbalance in Th17/Treg levels were associated with moderate to severe asthma.

Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the novel cytokine interleukin-38 in allergic asthma

We elucidated the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of IL-38 in allergic asthma.Human bronchial epithelial cells and eosinophils were cocultured upon stimulation with the viral RLR ligand poly(I:C)/LyoVec or infection-related cytokine TNF-αto induce expression of cytokines/chemokines/adhesion molecules.House dust mite(HDM)-induced allergic asthma and humanized allergic asthma NOD/SCID murine models were established to assess anti-inflammatory mechanisms in vivo.IL-38 significantly inhibited induced proinflammatory IL-6,IL-1β,CCL5,and CXCL10 production,and antiviral interferon-βand intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in the coculture system.Mass cytometry and RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that IL-38 could antagonize the activation of the intracellular STAT1,STAT3,p38 MAPK,ERK1/2,and NF-κB pathways,and upregulate the expression of the host defense-related gene POU2AF1 and anti-allergic response gene RGS13.Intraperitoneal injection of IL-38 into HDM-induced allergic asthma mice could ameliorate airway hyperreactivity by decreasing the accumulation of eosinophils in the lungs and inhibiting the expression of the Th2-related cytokines IL-4,IL-5,and IL-13 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and lung homogenates.Histological examination indicated lung inflammation was alleviated by reductions in cell infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia,together with reduced Th2,Th17,and innate lymphoid type 2 cell numbers but increased proportions of regulatory T cells in the lungs,spleen,and lymph nodes.IL-38 administration suppressed airway hyperreactivity and asthma-related IL-4 and IL-5 expression in humanized mice,together with significantly decreased CCR3^(+) eosinophil numbers in the BALF and lungs,and a reduced percentage of human CD4^(+)CRTH2^(+)Th2 cells in the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes.Together,our results demonstrated the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of IL-38 and provided a basis for the development of a regulatory cytokine-based treatment for allergic asthma.

Immune Homeostasis: Effects of Chinese Herbal Formulae and Herb-Derived Compounds on Allergic Asthma in Different Experimental Models

Allergic asthma is thought to arise from an imbalance of immune regulation, which is characterized by the production of large quantities of Ig E antibodies by B cells and a decrease of the interferon-γ/interleukin-4(Th1/Th2) ratio. Certain immunomodulatory components and Chinese herbal formulae have been used in traditional herbal medicine for thousands of years. However, there are few studies performing evidence-based Chinese medicine(CM) research on the mechanisms and efficacy of these drugs in allergic asthma. This review aims to explore the roles of Chinese herbal formulae and herb-derived compounds in experimental research models of allergic asthma. We screened published modern CM research results on the experimental effects of Chinese herbal formulae and herb-derived bioactive compounds for allergic asthma and their possible underlying mechanisms in English language articles from the Pub Med and the Google Scholar databases with the keywords allergic asthma, experimental model and Chinese herbal medicine. We found 22 Chinese herb species and 31 herb-derived anti-asthmatic compounds as well as 12 Chinese herbal formulae which showed a reduction of airway hyperresponsiveness, allergen-specific immunoglobulin E, inflammatory cell infiltration and a regulation of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo, respectively. Chinese herbal formulae and herbderived bioactive compounds exhibit immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-asthma activities in different experimental models and their various mechanisms of action are being investigated in modern CM research with genomics, proteomics and metabolomics technologies, which will lead to a new era in the development of new drug discovery for allergic asthma in CM.

Meteorin-β/Meteorin like/IL-41 attenuates airway inflammation in house dust mite-induced allergic asthma

We sought to examine the regulatory effect of Meteorin-β(Metrnβ)/Meteorin like(Metrnl)/IL-41 on lung inflammation in allergic asthma.We found that Metrnβwas elevated significantly in asthmatic patients and in mice with allergic asthma induced by house dust mite(HDM)extract.Upon exposure to HDM,Metrnβwas secreted predominantly by airway epithelial cells and inflammatory cells,including macrophages and eosinophils.The increased Metrnβeffectively blocked the development of airway hyperreactivity(AHR)and decreased inflammatory cell airway infiltration and type 2 cytokine production,which was associated with downregulated DC-mediated adaptive immune responses.Moreover,Metrnβimpaired the maturation and function of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in vitro.Asthmatic mice adoptively transferred with dendritic cells isolated from Metrnβ-treated allergic mice displayed decreased AHR,airway inflammation,and lung injury.Metrnβalso displayed anti-inflammatory properties in immunodeficient SCID mice with allergic asthma and in in vitro 3D ALI airway models.Moreover,blockade of Metrnβby anti-Metrnβantibody treatment promoted the development of allergic asthma.These results revealed the unappreciated protective roles of Metrnβin alleviating DC-mediated Th2 inflammation in allergic asthma,providing the novel treatment strategy of therapeutic targeting of Metrnβin allergic asthma.

Dust mite allergen-specific immunotherapy increases IL4 DNA methylation and induces Der p-specific T cell tolerance in children with allergic asthma

Allergen-specific immunotherapy(allergen-SIT)is a highly effective treatment for children with allergic asthma(AA),an immune-mediated chronic disease leading to bronchial muscle hypertrophy and airway obstruction in response to specific allergens.T helper cells and secreted cytokines play important roles in the pathogenesis of asthma,and epigenetic modulation controls genes important for T cell development and cytokine expression.This study evaluated T helper cell-secreted cytokines and DNA methylation patterns in children treated with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(Der p)allergen-SIT.Our results showed that after Der p challenge,peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)from the SIT group,compared with the non-SIT AA group,produced lower levels of IL-4,IL-5 and IL-2.The SIT group,compared with the AA group,exhibited decreased sensitivity to the Der p allergen,concurrent with IL-4 down-modulation due to increased promoter DNA methylation,as estimated in PBMCs.Our results showed that SIT decreased IL-4 and IL-5,and inhibited T cell proliferation,by inhibiting IL-2 production after the specific allergen challenge.These results suggest that decreased IL-2 production and increased IL-4 cytokine promoter methylation is a potential mechanism of Der p-specific allergen desensitization immunotherapy.

Platelets promote allergic asthma through the expression of CD154

Platelet activation is associated with multiple immune responses and the pathogenesis of various immune-related diseases. However, the exact role and the underlying mechanism of platelets in the progression of allergic asthma remain largely unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that during antigen sensitization, platelets can be activated by ovalbumin （OVA） aerosol viathe upregulation of CD154 （CD4OL） expression. Platelet transfer promoted allergic asthma progression by inducing more severe leukocyte infiltration and lung inflammation, elevated IgE production and strengthened T helper 2 （Th2） responses in asthma-induced mice. Accordingly, platelet depletion compromised allergic asthma progression. CdI54-deficient platelets failed to promote asthma development, indicating the requirement of CD154 for platelets to promote asthma progression. The mechanistic study showed that platelets inhibited the induction of Foxp3 ＋ regulatory T cells both in vivoand in vitroat least partially through CD154, providing an explanation for the increase of Th2 responses by platelet transfer. Our study reveals the previously unknown role of platelet CD154 in the promotion of asthma progression by polarizing Th2 responses and inhibiting regulatory T-cell generation and thus provides a potential clue for allergic disease interventions.

Serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor as a potential biomarker to evaluate therapeutic response in patients with allergic asthma:an exploratory study

Background:Previous studies have shown that macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF)is involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.This study aimed to investigate whether serum MIF reflects a therapeutic response in allergic asthma.Methods:We enrolled 30 asthmatic patients with mild-to-moderate exacerbations and 20 healthy controls,analyzing the parameter levels of serum MIF,serum total immunoglobulin E(tIgE),peripheral blood eosinophil percentage(EOS%),and fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO).Lung function indices were used to identify disease severity and therapeutic response.Results:Our study showed that all measured parameters in patients were at higher levels than those of controls.After one week of treatment,most parameter levels decreased significantly except for serum tIgE.Furthermore,we found that serum MIF positively correlated with EOS%as well as FeNO,but negatively correlated with lung function indices.Receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curve analysis indicated that among the parameters,serum MIF exhibited a higher capacity to evaluate therapeutic response.The area under the curve(AUC)of MIF was 0.931,with a sensitivity of 0.967 and a specificity of 0.800.Conclusions:Our results suggested that serum MIF may serve as a potential biomarker for evaluating therapeutic response in allergic asthma with mild-to-moderate exacerbations.

High-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing of the pulmonary microbiome of rats with allergic asthma

A decrease in microbial infection in adolescents is implicated with an increase in the incidence of asthma and allergic diseases in adulthood,indicating that the microbiome plays a critical role in asthma.However,the microbial composition of the lower respiratory tract remains unclear,hindering the further exploration of the pathogenesis of asthma.This study aims to explore the microbial distribution and composition in the lungs of normal rats and rats with allergic asthma via 16S rDNA sequencing.The DNA of the pulmonary microbiome was extracted from the left lungs collected from normal control group(NC),saline control group(SC),and allergic asthma group(AA)under aseptic conditions.After the 16s rDNA V4eV5 region was amplified,the products were sequenced using Illumina high-throughput technology and subjected to operational taxonomic unit(OTU)cluster and taxonomy analysis.The OTU values of AA increased significantly compared with those of NC and SC.Microbiome structure analysis showed that the dominant phylum of the pulmonary microbiome changed from Proteobacteria in NC to Firmicutes in AA.Linear discriminant analysis indicated that the key microbiomes involved in the three groups varied.

Possible association of a distinct combined Glutathione-S-transferase members with allergic asthma patients in Pakistan

Allergic asthma is a diverse chronic respiratory disease characterized by the inflammation of the lower airway disease affecting many people around the world with rising morbidity and mortality.Association between asthma and certain demographic features was studied in relation to genotype from 244 allergic individuals of local population.Skin prick test was used to confirm asthma.Genetic polymorphism in Glutathione-S-transferases(GSTs)was studied using multiplex PCR based method and IgE level by ELISA.Pollen and dust were the major causative aeroallergens(26%),which were associated to higher IgE levels(P<0.05).Smoking was found to be significantly associated with asthma in only males(P Z 0.004).A low prevalence of null genotype of both GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes was observed in the patients(4.34%)compared to control group(14%).No association of combined GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype was found with the asthma in local population.GSTM1t and GSTTgenotype had higher risk(OR Z 1.3681,P Z 0.001)for development of asthma.There was a significant association of asthma with combined genotype of GSTM1t and GSTTwhen data was analyzed on gender basis in males(P Z 0.006)and highly significant in age range of 26e40 years(P Z 0.001).Combined GSTMt and GSTTgenotype was found to be risk factor for asthma in addition to family history in male patients.However a data with large patient size and different ethnic distribution may reveal the exact etiology.

The association analysis of FcεRⅠβ with allergic asthma in a Chinese population

Objective To investigate the link between the polymorphism of -109 and Glu237 in the high-affinity IgE receptor β (FcεRⅠβ) gene and susceptibilty to allergic asthma in a Chinese population.Method Blood samples from 216 allergic asthma patients and 198 age- and sex-matched controls were studied. A-109C/T and a coding variant Glu237Gly in FcεRⅠβ were detected with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP). Results The genotype frequencies were 0.403 for -109T/T, 0.491 for -109T/C and 0.106 for -109C/C in allergic asthma in a Chinese population. No significant difference in the distribution of -109C/T polymorphism was found between allergic asthma subjects and healthy controls, however, homozygosity for the -109T allele was associated with increased total plasma IgE levels in subjects with allergic asthma (F=4.020,P<0.05). The allele frequency of Gly237 in the patients and control was 0.236 and 0.136 respectively. There was a significant association between the Gly/Gly genotype and allergic asthma. Among allergic asthma patients Gly237 was significantly associated with high IgE levels.Conclusions These results suggest that the Gly237 variant of the FcεRⅠβ gene is involved in the development of allergic asthma. The-109C/T and Glu237Gly polymorphisms are two of the genetic factor identified thus far, which affect total plasma IgE levels of allergic asthma patients in a Chinese population.

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON TREATMENT OF ALLERGIC BRONCHIAL ASTHMA WITH ACUPOINT APPLICATION THERAPY

In the present paper, the therapeutic effect of acupoint application of Chinese Materia Medica in the treatment of allergic asthma was observed. The results revealed that topical application of drug paste [mixture of powder of Mahuang (Herba Ephedrae), Xixin (Herba Asari), Baijiezi (Semen Sinapis Albae), etc.] at the acupuncture points could improve symptoms and signs of allergic asthma patients, with the total effective rate being 69.57% (16/23) for the short term effect, and 52.17%(12/23) for the long term effect. In medication (Aminophylline) group, of the 25 cases of allergic asthma, 16 (64.0%) were effective after 4 weeks of treatment, while 6 (24.0%) were still effective that was shown by 6 months’ follow up. The therapeutic effect of acupoint application group was significantly better than that of medication group in the long term effect. Results also showed that no obvious interrelation between the short term therapeutic effect and the duration or the severity of the disease. Results also display that acupoint application therapy is an effective, safe and handy method with fewer side effects for asthma.

The role of CTLA4-Ig in a mouse model against allergic asthma

Objective To investigate CTLA4-Ig's potential role in therapy for allergic asthma by blocking B7/CD28 interactions with cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4-Ig (CTLA4-Ig).Methods We divided BALB/C mice into the three groups: Sham/Sham (control), ovalbumin (OVA)/OVA and mCTLA4-Ig. Blood, bronchoalveolar lavage, histology and determination of cytokines were performed 24 hours after airway challenge. Results In the OVA/OVA group, the number of cells, the percentage of inflamed cells and the level of IL-4 in BALF were increased. Airways in our murine model for allergic asthma underwent pathological changes, which were significantly reduced after treatment with mCTLA4-Ig. Conclusion Blockage of co-stimulation with mCTLA4-Ig can inhibit allergy-specific response of T cells, and asthmatic response as well.

EFFECT OF ACUPUNCTURE ON SERUM TNF-α ACTIVITY IN ALLERGIC BRONCHIAL ASTHMA PATIENTS

In this study, the therapeutic effect of acupuncture and its effect on serum tumor necrosis factor apha (TNF-α) level was observed in 25 cases of allergic bronchial asthma patients. Acupoints used were Dazhui (GV 14), Feishu (BL 13), Dingchuan (EX-B 1), Pishu (BL 20), Tanzhong (CV 17), Shenshu (BL 23) and Fengchi (GB 20), supplemented with other acupoints according to syndrome differentiation. After 15 sessions of treatment, results showed that the total effective rate was 96% . Before treatment, serum TNF-oc activity was significantly higher than that of healthy subjects (25 cases, P<0.01). After treatment, TNF-α level reduced considerably in comparison with that of pre-treatment (P < 0. 05). These findings indicate that acupuncture can significantly improve allergic asthma patients' clinical symptoms and lower serum TNF-α activity.

Anti-asthmatic mechanism of the Huashanshen dripping pill via suppressing contraction of the airway smooth muscle

Background:The Huashanshen(HSS)dripping pill has been widely used in asthma for a long time in China.However,the relaxant mechanism of HSS is not well understood.Methods:In this report,high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to identify the constituents in rat plasma after oral administration of HSS.Ovalbumin-sensitized allergic asthma and isolated trachea were studied for the anti-asthmatic mechanism of HSS.Results:D-anisodamine,L-anisodamine,scopolamine and atropine were detected in the rat plasma containing HSS.It was clear that the HSS inhibited the release of inflammatory mediators,regulated the balance of T-helper 1 and T-helper 2 to reduce the airway inflammation,and relaxed the tracheal smooth muscle by controlling the KCa channel,Ca^(2+)influx and release to reduce the airway hyperresponsiveness.Conclusion:Atropine,anisodamine and scopolamine might be active compounds of HSS which inhibited the release of inflammatory mediators,regulated the balance of Th1/Th2,and relaxed the tracheal smooth muscle to reduce airway hyperresponsiveness.

Effect of Majie Pingchuan cataplasm on epithelial-derived cytokines in asthmatic mice based on the"lung-skin-intestine"axis

Objective:To observe the effect of MJPC cataplasm on the content of epithelial-derived cytokines in lung,skin and intestine of asthmatic mice.Methods:C57/BL6 female mice were randomly divided into four groups:control group,asthma model group,dexamethasone group and MJPC cataplasm group.Ovalbumin sensitized and challenged asthmatic mouse models were established.The spleen index was calculated,and HE staining was used to observe the pathological change in lung tissues.The ova-specific IgE in the mouse serum and the content of TSLP in lung,skin and intestine were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The expressions of TSLP mRNA and IL-33 mRNA in skin and intestinal tissue were detected by qRT-PCR.Results:Compared with the control group,the spleen index of mice in asthma model group was increased.Vascular congestion and edema,inflammatory cell infiltration and bronchial wall thickening were observed.The expressions of IgE in the mouse serum were significantly increased,and the content of TSLP in lung and skin tissue increased,but that in intestine tissue did not change significantly.The expression of TSLP mRNA was up-regulated in skin and intestinal tissues.The expression of IL-33 mRNA was up-regulated in skin tissue,but not in intestine,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);Compared with the model group,MJPC cataplasm could decrease the spleen index and the expression of IgE in the mouse serum,improve the pathological damage of lung tissue in asthmatic mice,reduce the content of TSLP in lung,skin and intestinal tissue,increased the expression of TSLP mRNA in skin tissue,and down-regulate the expression of Il-33 mRNA in skin tissue and the expression of TSLP mRNA and IL-33 mRNA expression in intestinal tissue(P<0.05).Pearson correlation coefficient(r)of the content of TSLP between lung and skin was 0.689,that between lung and intestinal was-0.163,and that between skin and intestinal was-0.163,and the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion:MJPC cataplasm improve airway inflammation by inhibiting the content of epithelial-derived cytokines on the"lung-skin-intestine"axis of asthmatic mice,and achieve the effect of treating asthm.