The Relationship between Water Resources Use Efficiency and Scientific and Technological Innovation Level: Case Study of Yangtze River Basin in China

The Yangtze River Basin’s water resource utilization efficiency(WUE)and scientific and technological innovation level(STI)are closely connected,and the comprehension of these relationships will help to improve WUE and promote local economic growth and conservation of water.This study uses 19 provinces and regions along the Yangtze River’s mainstream from 2009 to 2019 as its research objects and uses a Vector Auto Regression(VAR)model to quantitatively evaluate the spatiotemporal evolution of the coupling coordination degree(CCD)between the two subsystems of WUE and STI.The findings show that:(1)Both the WUE and STI in the Yangtze River Basin showed an upward trend during the study period,but the STI effectively lagged behind the WUE;(2)The CCD of the two subsystems generally showed an upward trend,and the CCD of each province was improved to varying degrees,but the majority of regions did not develop a high-quality coordination stage;(3)The CCD of the two systems displayed apparent positive spatial autocorrelation in the spatial correlation pattern,and there were only two types:high-high(H-H)urbanization areas and low-low(L-L)urbanization areas;(4)The STI showed no obvious response to the impact of the WUE,while the WUE responded greatly to the STI,and both of them were highly dependent on themselves.Optimizing their interaction mechanisms should be the primary focus of high-quality development in the basin of the Yangtze River in the future.These results give the government an empirical basis to enhance the WUE and promote regional sustainable development.

Spatial Disparity and Efficiency of Science and Technology Resources in China

In the knowledge economy era,science and technology(S&T) resources are getting more and more important in shaping regional competiveness and building regional innovation capacity.As such,the spatial distribution of S&T resources is a key to understanding regional development and disparities.By designing an input-output indicator system,this paper develops an evaluation model to examine the spatial distribution of S&T resources in China and assess their spatial efficiency.Moreover,the paper tries to explain spatial differences in the efficiency of S&T resources in China.Major findings are:1) the input and output of S&T resources in China shows a clear T-shaped spatial structure,i.e.,concentrated mainly in the coastal region and along the Changjiang(Yangtze) River;2) the efficiency of S&T resources in China displays strong spatial disparities,with the level of efficiency descending from the east to the west while high efficiency appearing in only several clusters;3) the utilization rates of S&T resources in most provinces are quite low,resulting in low efficiency of S&T resources allocation.The paper suggests that the utilization rate of S&T resources should be raised and the commercialization of S&T outputs should be enhanced to improve the efficiency of S&T resources in China.

Application of Blockchain Technology in Optimizing Resource Allocation Efficiency

Based on the existing literature,this paper analyzed and explored the factors that affect the efficiency of resource allocation,and evaluated the current situation of resource allocation in various fields.It is found that with the emergence of the new pattern of China’s economic development,the economic growth rate has slowed down,and the method of large-scale production driving economic growth is no longer applicable to the current economic situation.Nowadays,when structural transformation and upgrading have entered a new stage,to achieve the optimization of resource allocation efficiency,it is necessary to start from three aspects:improving information transparency,upgrading industrial structure,and planning government intervention.Through the adaptation analysis of blockchain technology and the existing problems in optimizing resource allocation efficiency,it explored the feasibility of blockchain technology to optimize resource allocation efficiency,and promote economical,efficient and high-quality development.

Resource Allocation of Agricultural Science and Technology R&D

The status quo of resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D(research and development)both at home and abroad,including the amount and function of agricultural science and technology research funds,human resources in the resources of agricultural science and technology R&D,the efficiency of resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D,the management system of agricultural scientific innovation and the operation status of scientific funds,is analyzed.The problems in the current resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D are put forward,including unreasonable resource allocation;low efficiency,and low efficiency of the transformation of agricultural scientific achievements.The highly effective resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D is analyzed from the aspects of resource allocation structure,environment,channel,spatial layout and industrial chain.

河南科技资源配置效率评价研究

为进一步提升河南科技资源配置效率,运用DEA-Malmquist指数模型,从静态和动态两个视角对河南17个地级市及济源示范区2012—2021年期间的科技资源配置效率进行测度.研究发现,从静态评价结果来看,河南科技资源配置综合技术效率平均值为0.739,不同地区之间存在差异,综合效率的提升主要依赖纯技术效率;从动态评价结果来看,河南全要素生产率整体呈波动上升态势,年平均增长率为16%,技术进步对其贡献最大.分地区来看,其中综合提高型的城市有10个,技术进步水平提高型的城市有7个,技术效率提高型的有1个.

科技资源配置何以促进高校创新效能增长?——基于31个省域的fsQCA分析

高校是进行科技资源配置和科技原始创新的战略高地。为探究科技资源配置对高校创新效能发展的影响因素及组态路径,使用fsQCA方法,以31个省域高校为案例,就科技资源配置结构、配置方式和配置环境对高校创新效能的影响因素与组态路径进行研究。研究发现:任何单一科技资源配置条件均不构成影响高校高或低水平创新效能的必要条件;应用研究型路径、试验发展型路径和资源驱动型路径是导向高校高水平创新效能的三类组态范式;经济发展水平在促进高校高水平创新效能产出中普遍充当核心驱动条件,市场资源配置和计划资源配置相对普遍充当核心驱动条件;导向高校高或低水平创新效能产出的组态路径呈现出显著的地域时空差异。

科技资源配置效率研究述评及数字时代下的研究展望

近年来我国稳居世界第二大研发投入国,但科技资源配置效率还有待进一步提升。为更加科学地测度科技资源配置效率,从而优化资源配置路径、完善配置机制,助力科技创新,从传统科技资源配置效率的概念内涵和测度对象、方法、指标体系等维度对中外相关文献进行系统梳理,厘清领域研究动态和发展趋势,分析相关指标体系常见问题以及提出改进建议,并结合数字化技术优势提出展望。基于中国知网和Elsevier/Springer收录的2000年以来58篇相关文献的分析结果显示:测度对象中,以针对地区等中观层面的研究最为丰富,并以面板数据为主,但科技资源配置效率较低的区域未得到较深入、有针对性的研究;测度方法一般采用经典的多元统计分析方法、计量分析方法等,近10年采用最多的是数据包络分析方法,也不乏采用多种方法 /模型的组合,但利用大数据技术基于全样本的研究较为缺乏;测度指标体系通常包括科技资源的投入和产出指标体系,分别设置有一二级指标甚至更多级别的指标,但指标构建在系统性、科学性和独立性等方面仍有待改进,其中一级指标财力资源投入中未包括R&D经费外部支出、科技信息资源指标下的各二级指标项均已包含在科技财力资源的一级指标中、知识形态产出中包含多项相关性较强的二级指标等。基于此,针对上述存在问题,依据《中国科技统计年鉴》等权威信息文献,改进构建新的区域整体科技资源配置效率测度指标体系,其中以科技人力资源和科技财力资源作为决定性投入要素,选择R&D人员全时当量、R&D经费内外部总支出分别纳入相应的二级指标中。最后基于数字时代背景,展望科技资源配置效率研究的领域延伸、方法改进、指标完善和政策支持,强调单列数据要素作为科技资源优化配置的测度指标,使科技资源配置方式更加智能、高效和开放。

数字化推动西藏科技人力资源配置优化研究

党的二十大报告强调要深入实施科教兴国、人才强国战略。作为边疆民族地区的西藏地理位置及地域文化特殊,且人口综合素质与内陆省区差距较大,当前传统的科技人力资源管理及配置已不能满足西藏科技与经济社会高质量发展的要求。文章运用文献分析法、现存统计资料分析法等方法,通过对2010年数字技术普及以来西藏科技人力资源总量结构等方面的聚集现状进行分析,参考人才聚集的四大推动力提出西藏科技人力资源聚集的政策吸引、经济发展、教育推动及环境影响四大基本规律,并综合政策要求及资源配置理论、数据科学理论、激励理论及需求理论等若干理论构建西藏科技人力资源配置系统,提出将数字化技术、基本规律、配置系统三者结合的西藏科技人力资源的优化配置路径,为西藏科技人力资源高质量配置管理提供借鉴参考。

基于多国实践研究国家目标导向的颠覆性技术类科技项目选题机制

“选题”作为研究创新的起点与开端,对于科技项目是否能够产生颠覆性或突破性成果具有决定性作用。颠覆性技术类科技项目作为实现科技强国的关键依托和重要举措,优化其选题机制与组织管理方式是深化科技体制改革的重要使命与任务。从实现高水平科技自立自强的角度出发,选取美国DARPA项目、日本“登月型”研发制度、欧洲EIC计划作为研究案例,系统分析上述国家/地区针对颠覆性技术类科技项目的选题机制与实践经验,通过总结分析各国项目选题机制的来源、目标、方式等,提出相应启示及建议。研究结果可为颠覆性技术类科技项目选题机制的管理与实施提供支撑。

西部地区基层医疗资源配置-经济发展-科技创新耦合协调发展研究

[目的]探索我国西部地区基层医疗资源配置、经济发展与科技创新之间的耦合协调关系,为西部地区均衡发展提供参考。[方法]构建耦合协调度模型,对2012-2021年三系统之间的时空耦合协调特征进行实证分析,并预测未来5年的演变趋势。[结果]耦合协调度均值由2012年的0.378上升到2021年的0.644,年均增长率达6.46%,增幅为70.37%,耦合协调度呈“中间高、四周低”的空间格局,预计到2026年11个省份基本进入协调发展阶段。[结论]综合发展水平表现为基层医疗资源配置>经济发展>科技创新,耦合协调度呈平稳上升趋势,但整体发展水平不高,地区差异显著且持续存在。各地区应根据自身资源禀赋,探索发展道路,实现区域优质协调发展。

广西现代化产业指标体系构建与评价

本文运用文献研究法针对我国现代化产业体系特点筛选出较为全面的评价指标体系,并运用数据包络分析法,从全面的评价指标体系中筛选出关键的两个投入指标与三个产出指标对我国产业现代化效率进行测度,分析效率的变化趋势及区域差异,针对广西区内发展现状进行合理分析并提出建议。结果发现,广西区内整体纯技术效率较高,即科技资源并未发生浪费且流向了产能较高的高技术企业,促进了广西区内产业现代化进程。广西区内规模效率很低,即现代化产业规模存在问题,需要进行规模调整实现促进产业现代化进程。最后,本文根据分析结果提出相关政策建议,以期为推动广西产业现代化进程,提高科技创新资源利用效率提供理论参考。

京津冀城市群高技术产业科技资源配置效率及影响因素

为推动城市群科技创新能力的提升,采用DEA-Tobit两步法,从投入与产出角度,横向测算京津冀、长三角、珠三角3个城市群2010—2021年高技术产业的科技资源配置效率,并进行对比分析,与此同时,以京津冀城市群为例,分析了影响城市群科技资源配置效率的主要因素。研究发现:(1)横向看,在京津冀、长三角、珠三角3个城市群中,京津冀在计算机及办公设备制造业综合效率最高,长三角和珠三角在其他两个高技术行业科技资源配置效率较高。(2)影响因素方面,以京津冀城市群为例,地区经济发展水平对科技资源使用效率有显著的正向影响,政府科技投入的影响为负,三大城市群的影响因素差异较小。最后,提出我国城市群高技术产业发展建议:一是积极调整产业结构,建立完整产业链条;二是深化区域高水平对外开放,转变技术引入模式;三是注重人才引育留用,为高技术产业提供人才支撑;四是加强科技金融资源整合,加大对高技术产业的资金支持;五是不断健全科技成果产出评价体系。

在新质生产力背景下深化改革与推进长三角一体化战略——基于传统经典经济理论的分析

长三角一体化作为国家发展战略,自实施以来已取得可喜的成绩。然而,随着社会经济的发展,一体化战略目标不断提高,同时也会受到诸多因素的制约,特别是体制与机制障碍依然是主要瓶颈。文章认为,在全面推动新质生产力发展的大背景下,不断提升长三角一体化发展的层次,必须重塑促进其发展的生产关系和上层建筑,即通过深化改革为长三角一体化发展提供保障。本文具体分析了长三角一体化建设的成就、发展过程中遇到的障碍及其影响,提出了一系列科学、合理的改革路径和措施,对长三角一体化发展具有重要的理论指导意义和实践借鉴价值。

公平与效率视域下湖北省农业科技创新绩效研究

以2010-2020年湖北省农业科技创新投入和产出数据为样本,运用熵权法和Dagum基尼系数分解法,从空间差异考察了湖北省各地农业科技投入资源配置的公平性;运用Malmquist模型测算了湖北省各地农业科技创新效率。结果表明:湖北省农业科技创新资源配置水平存在明显的空间差异,农业科技创新综合效率呈上升趋势,农业科技资源配置水平正向影响农业科技创新效率,但由于资源浪费等因素的影响,也出现了差异结果。因此,合理配置农业科技资源、注重规模效率有利于提高湖北省农业科技创新效率。研究结果可为改善湖北省农业科技创新效率提供一定的借鉴。

新质生产力理论框架下的高校科研管理创新路径

新质生产力是在新一轮科技革命和产业变革驱动下,生产力诸要素迭代升级而产生的新质态生产力,其形成和发展的关键是科技创新与教育发展。高校是发展新质生产力的战略支点,其科研管理效能直接关乎学校科技创新发展水平。文章针对高校科研资源配置不甚合理、科技成果评价体系不甚完善、科研管理过程不甚协调、科研信息化建设有待加强、科技成果转化不甚明显等问题,以新质生产力理论为指引,深度优化高校科研管理路径。文章认为,应在科研资源配置、科技成果评价、科研管理过程、科研信息化建设、科技成果转化等方面进一步提高服务与管理水平,全面提升高校科研管理效能,促进高校科技创新发展,进而培养更多新质生产力的创造者和使用者,为新质生产力的形成和发展提供坚实的人才支撑。

5G通信网络中的高效数据传输技术研究

随着5G通信网络的商用化进程加快,其在支持高速率、低延迟及高可靠性数据传输方面展现出显著优势。文章深入研究了5G通信网络中的高效数据传输技术,探讨多址接入技术和高效调度与资源分配技术等关键技术的原理和应用。同时,分析这些技术在实时视频传输、物联网数据传输以及超大规模数据传输优化中的应用情况。文章研究旨在优化数据传输过程的同时,提升网络性能,以满足5G通信网络日益增长的数据需求。

The measure and characteristics of spatial-temporal evolution of China＇s science and technology resource allocation efficiency

According to the connotation and structure of science and technology resources and some relevant data of more than 286 cities at prefecture level and above during 2001-2010, using modified method--Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA）, science and tech- nology （S＆T） resource allocation efficiency of different cities in different periods has been figured out, which, uncovers the distributional difference and change law of S＆T resource allocation efficiency from the time-space dimension. Based on that, this paper has analyzed and discussed the spatial distribution pattern and evolution trend of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in different cities by virtue of the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis （ESDA）. It turned out that： （1） the average of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in cities at prefecture level and above has always stayed at low levels, moreover, with repeated fluctuations between high and low, which shows a decreasing trend year by year. Besides, the gap between the East and the West is widening. （2） The asymmetrical distribution of S＆T resource allocation effi- ciency presents a spatial pattern of successively decreasing from Eastern China, Central China to Western China. The cities whose S＆T resource allocation efficiency are at higher level and high level take on a cluster distribution, which fits well with the 23 forming urban agglomerations in China. （3） The coupling degree between S＆T resource allocation efficiency and economic environment assumes a certain positive correlation, but not completely the same. The differentiation of S＆T resource allocation efficiency is common in regional devel- opment, whose existence and evolution are directly or indirectly influenced by and regarded as the reflection of many elements, such as geographical location, the natural endowment and environment of S＆T resources and so on. （4） In the perspective of the evolution of spatial structure, S＆T resource allocation efficiency of the cities at prefecture level and above shows a notable spatial autocorrelation, which in every period presents a positive correlation. The spatial distribution of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in neighboring cities seems to be similar in group, which tends to escalate stepwise. Meanwhile, the whole differentiation of geographical space has a diminishing tendency. （5） Viewed from LISA agglomeration map of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in different periods, four agglomeration types have changed differently in spatial location and the range of spatial agglomeration. And the conti- nuity of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in geographical space is gradually increasing.

Can the low-carbon city pilot policy promote the upgrading of high-carbon emitting enterprises? Evidence from China

As a crucial environmental reform system to realize“carbon peaking”and“carbon neutrality”,the pilot policy of low-carbon cities(LCCs)puts pressure and challenges on high-carbon emitting enterprises(HCEEs)while providing opportunities for these firms to take the path of independent transformation.Employing the data of Chinese listed enterprises from 2006 to 2016 and adopting a difference-in-differences(DID)model,we evaluated the impact of LCC construction on the upgrading of HCEEs and its mechanisms.The results indicate that LCC construction enhances the upgrading of HCEEs in the pilot cities.The conclusions remain stable after a series of robustness tests.The mechanism analysis reveals that LCC construction triggers the upgrading of HCEEs by promoting resource allocation efficiency,R&D investment,and green technology innovation.The heterogeneity results indicate that this positive effect is more pronounced for HCEEs in regions with more stringent environmental law enforcement.This study also observes that the upgrading impact is more promi‐nent for state-owned enterprises,enterprises with higher bargaining power,and enterprises whose managers have a long-term vision.The above results provide directions for upgrading HCEEs and replicable evidence for cities in developing economies to fulfill the win-win target of environmental protection and economic transfor‐mation.

数字经济、知识产权保护“双轨制”与企业绿色技术创新

数字经济凭借外溢性、共享性特征促进绿色技术创新,成为助力企业低碳发展的核心动能。从理论角度阐释数字经济与知识产权保护“双轨制”对企业绿色技术创新的作用机制,运用2014—2021年我国沪深A股1643家上市制造企业数据,实证考察数字经济对企业绿色技术创新的影响,以及知识产权保护“双轨制”在其中的调节作用。研究发现,数字经济有助于提升企业绿色技术创新水平。知识产权保护“双轨制”在数字经济对企业绿色技术创新的影响中具有正向调节作用,其两个分指标专利司法保护、专利行政保护也具有显著正向调节作用。知识产权保护“双轨制”在数字经济对企业绿色技术创新影响中的正向调节作用与企业产权性质无关,在国有、非国有企业均显著;与企业生产要素类型、生命周期阶段有关,在知识密集型及处于成熟期阶段的企业显著。因此,为进一步提升企业绿色技术创新水平,应完善数据要素配置机制,助力企业绿色技术创新;深耕知识产权保护“双轨制”,协调赋能企业绿色技术创新;实施差异化助企举措,筑牢绿色技术创新基础。

企业数字化与制造业绿色技术创新

数据已经成为关键生产要素,企业数字化转型势在必行,数字化是否能够促进制造业企业开展绿色技术创新,助力我国经济高质量发展值得研究。本文基于沪深交易所2009-2020年制造业上市公司数据,借助文本分析法度量企业数字化水平,实证检验了企业数字化转型对制造业绿色技术创新的影响。研究发现,数字化转型能够显著促进企业绿色技术创新;企业数字化转型通过提升资源配置效率、激励企业加大研发投入强度、吸引高端人力资本等渠道促进了企业绿色技术创新;企业数字化转型对绿色技术创新的影响因公司所处区域的不同而不同。进一步研究发现企业数字化转型对绿色技术创新的影响效果随着企业生命周期阶段的推进而有所降低,其对成长期阶段企业绿色技术创新的影响效果最为显著。