Polyploidy plays a major role in genome evolution,which corresponds to environmental changes over millions of years.The mechanisms of genome evolution,particularly during the process of domestication,are of broad inte...Polyploidy plays a major role in genome evolution,which corresponds to environmental changes over millions of years.The mechanisms of genome evolution,particularly during the process of domestication,are of broad interest in the fields of plant science and crop breeding.Upland cotton is derived from the hybridization and polyploidization of its ancient A and D diploid ancestors.As a result,cotton is a model for polyploid genome evolution and crop domestication.To explore the genomic mysteries of allopolyploid cotton,we investigated asymmetric evolution and domestication in the A and D subgenomes.Interestingly,more structural rearrangements have been characterized in the A subgenome than in the D subgenome.Correspondingly,more transposable elements,a greater number of lost and disrupted genes,and faster evolution have been identified in the A subgenome.In contrast,the centromeric retroelement(RT-domain related) sequence of tetraploid cotton derived from the D subgenome progenitor was found to have invaded the A subgenome centromeres after allotetrapolyploid formation.Although there is no genome-wide expression bias between the subgenomes,as with expression-level alterations,gene expression bias of homoeologous gene pairs is widespread and varies from tissue to tissue.Further,there are more positively selected genes for fiber yield and quality in the A subgenome and more for stress tolerance in the D subgenome,indicating asymmetric domestication.This review highlights the asymmetric subgenomic evolution and domestication of allotetraploid cotton,providing valuable genomic resources for cotton research and enhancing our understanding of the basis of many other allopolyploids.展开更多
The cultivated Gossypium A genome diploid species G.arboreum and G.herbaceum and the allotetraploid species G.hirsutum and G.barbadense share common morphology for various floral traits,
Alkaline soils pose an increasing problem for agriculture worldwide,but using stress-tolerant plants as green manure can improve marginal land.Here,we show that the legume Sesbania cannabina is very tolerant to alkali...Alkaline soils pose an increasing problem for agriculture worldwide,but using stress-tolerant plants as green manure can improve marginal land.Here,we show that the legume Sesbania cannabina is very tolerant to alkaline conditions and,when used as a green manure,substantially improves alkaline soil.To understand genome evolution and the mechanisms of stress tolerance in this allotetraploid legume,we generated the first telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of S.cannabina spanning~2,087 Mb.The assembly included all centromeric regions,which contain centromeric satellite repeats,and complete chromosome ends with telomeric characteristics.Further genome analysis distinguished A and B subgenomes,which diverged approximately 7.9 million years ago.Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the chromosome homoeologs underwent large-scale inversion events(>10 Mb)and a significant,transposon-driven size expansion of the chromosome 5A homoeolog.We further identified four specific alkali-induced phosphate transporter genes in S.cannabina;these may function in alkali tolerance by relieving the deficiency in available phosphorus in alkaline soil.Our work highlights the significance of S.cannabina as a green tool to improve marginal lands and sheds light on subgenome evolution and adaptation to alkaline soils.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.3133058,31290213)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe 111 Project(B08025)
文摘Polyploidy plays a major role in genome evolution,which corresponds to environmental changes over millions of years.The mechanisms of genome evolution,particularly during the process of domestication,are of broad interest in the fields of plant science and crop breeding.Upland cotton is derived from the hybridization and polyploidization of its ancient A and D diploid ancestors.As a result,cotton is a model for polyploid genome evolution and crop domestication.To explore the genomic mysteries of allopolyploid cotton,we investigated asymmetric evolution and domestication in the A and D subgenomes.Interestingly,more structural rearrangements have been characterized in the A subgenome than in the D subgenome.Correspondingly,more transposable elements,a greater number of lost and disrupted genes,and faster evolution have been identified in the A subgenome.In contrast,the centromeric retroelement(RT-domain related) sequence of tetraploid cotton derived from the D subgenome progenitor was found to have invaded the A subgenome centromeres after allotetrapolyploid formation.Although there is no genome-wide expression bias between the subgenomes,as with expression-level alterations,gene expression bias of homoeologous gene pairs is widespread and varies from tissue to tissue.Further,there are more positively selected genes for fiber yield and quality in the A subgenome and more for stress tolerance in the D subgenome,indicating asymmetric domestication.This review highlights the asymmetric subgenomic evolution and domestication of allotetraploid cotton,providing valuable genomic resources for cotton research and enhancing our understanding of the basis of many other allopolyploids.
文摘The cultivated Gossypium A genome diploid species G.arboreum and G.herbaceum and the allotetraploid species G.hirsutum and G.barbadense share common morphology for various floral traits,
基金This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA28030000)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1500503,2022YFF1003401)+2 种基金Science&Technology Specific Projects in Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Area of the Yellow River Delta(2022SZX14)the earmarked fund for CARS-Green Manure(CARS-22)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(Y2022039).
文摘Alkaline soils pose an increasing problem for agriculture worldwide,but using stress-tolerant plants as green manure can improve marginal land.Here,we show that the legume Sesbania cannabina is very tolerant to alkaline conditions and,when used as a green manure,substantially improves alkaline soil.To understand genome evolution and the mechanisms of stress tolerance in this allotetraploid legume,we generated the first telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of S.cannabina spanning~2,087 Mb.The assembly included all centromeric regions,which contain centromeric satellite repeats,and complete chromosome ends with telomeric characteristics.Further genome analysis distinguished A and B subgenomes,which diverged approximately 7.9 million years ago.Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the chromosome homoeologs underwent large-scale inversion events(>10 Mb)and a significant,transposon-driven size expansion of the chromosome 5A homoeolog.We further identified four specific alkali-induced phosphate transporter genes in S.cannabina;these may function in alkali tolerance by relieving the deficiency in available phosphorus in alkaline soil.Our work highlights the significance of S.cannabina as a green tool to improve marginal lands and sheds light on subgenome evolution and adaptation to alkaline soils.
