Two-stage dynamic recrystallization and texture evolution in Al-7Mg alloy during hot torsion

Hot torsion tests were performed on the Al-7Mg alloy at the temperature ranging from 300 to 500℃ and strain rates between 0.05 and 5 s^(-1) to explore the progressive dynamic recrystallization(DRX)and texture behaviors.The DRX behavior of the alloy manifested two distinct stages:Stage 1 at strain of≤2 and Stage 2 at strains of≥2.In Stage 1,there was a slight increase in the DRXed grain fraction(X_(DRX))with predominance of discontinuous DRX(DDRX),followed by a modest change in X_(DRX) until the transition to Stage 2.Stage 2 was marked by an accelerated rate of DRX,culminating in a substantial final X_(DRX) of~0.9.Electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD)analysis on a sample in Stage 2 revealed that continuous DRX(CDRX)predominantly occurred within the(121)[001]grains,whereas the(111)[110]grains underwent a geometric DRX(GDRX)evolution without a noticeable sub-grain structure.Furthermore,a modified Avrami’s DRX kinetics model was utilized to predict the microstructural refinement in the Al-7Mg alloy during the DRX evolution.Although this kinetics model did not accurately capture the DDRX behavior in Stage 1,it effectively simulated the DRX rate in Stage 2.The texture index was employed to assess the evolution of the texture isotropy during hot-torsion test,demonstrating significant improvement(>75%)in texture randomness before the commencement of Stage 2.This initial texture evolution is attributed to the rotation of parent grains and the substructure evolution,rather than to an increase in X_(DRX).

Microstructure and Properties of Mg-10% Al-(0～3% )Di Alloys

The effects of didymium(Nd : Pr = 3 : 1 )on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-10%A1 alloy were studied with the additions of 0~3%Di. The small block-like Al2(Nd,Pr) phase appears in 1%Di alloy, the blocklike Al2(Nd,Pr) and needle-like Al11(Nd,Pr)3 phases appear synchronously in 2%Di and 3%Di alloys, while the network of (Mg17Al12)βphase is broken up. The tensile properties can be improved with the addition of didymium. When the addition of didymium in Mg-10%A1 alloy reaches 2% , the alloy exhibits the best combination of strength and ductility, but the strength and ductility drop at the addition of 3% Di due to the obvious increase of the size and quantity of the needle-like Al11(Nd,Pr)3 phase.

Mg对铸造Al-10%Fe合金初生富铁相形貌的影响

研究了Mg元素对铸造A1-10％Fe过共晶合金初生Al_3Fe相形态的影响。研究发现,加入Mg对初生Al_3Fe相生长产生影响,由原来的发达针状向树枝状→小针(片)状、不规则块状转变。对Mg元素的影响机理做了分析。

Effects of stabilizing heat treatment on microstructures and creep behavior of Zn-10Al-2Cu-0.02Ti alloy

The microstructures of as-extruded and stabilizing heat-treated Zn-10Al-2Cu-0.02Ti alloys were observed by scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction analysis techniques.The change in structure after heat treatment and its effects on room temperature creep behavior were investigated by creep experiments at constant stress and slow strain rate tensile tests.The results show that after stabilizing heat treatment（（350℃,30 min,water-cooling）＋（100℃,12 h,air-cooling））,the amount of α＋η lamellar structure decreases,while the amount of cellular and granular structure increases.The heat-treated Zn-10Al-2Cu-0.02Ti alloy exhibits better creep resistance than the as-extruded alloy,and the rate of steady state creep decreases by 96.9% after stabilizing heat treatment.

稀土钪对Al-10Mg合金性能的影响

通过微观分析及力学性能测试等方法,研究了添加稀土元素钪对Al-10Mg合金(ZL301合金)显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,加入适量的钪元素后明显细化了Al-10Mg铸造合金的显微组织,主要是由于钪元素与Al形成颗粒状的稀土化合物Al_3Sc相,使合金中Al_3Mg_2相减少;经435℃×16h固溶处理后,Al_3Mg_2相基本溶解,稀土化合物Al_3Sc相热稳定性较高并未溶解,合金抗拉强度进一步得到提高。当钪元素的添加含量为0.4%时,Al-10Mg合金综合性能最为优良。

稀土元素La对Al-10Mg合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究了稀土元素La对Al-10Mg合金铸态及固溶处理态显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,La的加入使Al-10Mg合金晶粒组织细化,同时析出Al11La3化合物。经固溶处理后,Al3Mg2相溶解。随La添加量的增加,合金铸态和固溶处理态的力学性能呈先增后降的趋势。添加0.35%的La及435℃×15 h的固溶处理可显著提高Al-10Mg合金的力学性能。

Microstructure of Mg-8Zn-4Al-1Ca aged alloy

The microstructure of Mg-8Zn-4Al-1Ca aged alloy was investigated by TEM and HRTEM. The results show that the hardening produced in the Mg-8Zn-4Al-1Ca alloy is considerably higher than that in the Mg-8Zn-4A1 alloy. A dense dispersion of disc-like Ca2Mg6Zn3 precipitates are formed in Mg-8Zn-4Al-1Ca alloy aged at 160 ℃ for 16 h. In addition, the lattice distortions, honeycomb-looking Moir＆#233; fringes, edge dislocations and dislocation loop also exist in the microstructure. The precipitates of alloy aged at 160 ℃ for 48 h are coarse disc-like and fine dispersed grainy. When the alloy is subjected to aging at 160 ℃ for 227 h, the microstructure consists of numerous MgZn2 precipitates and Ca2Mg6Zn3 precipitates. All the analyses show that Ca is a particularly effective trace addition in improving the age-hardening and postponing the formation of MgZn2 precipitates in Mg-8Zn-4Al alloy aged at 160 ℃.

开孔泡沫Al-10%Mg合金的动态压缩行为的研究

用 Hopkinson压杆实验装置对开孔结构的泡沫 Al- 10 % Mg合金进行了动态压缩实验 ,在应变率为准静态、80 0 s- 1 和 2 0 0 0 s- 1 条件下测量了动态和准静态压缩应力 -应变曲线 ,研究了这种铝合金泡沫的动态压缩行为 ,并分析了其应变率效应。结果表明 :在动态和准静态压缩下 ,泡沫 Al- 10 % Mg合金的压缩 σ- ε曲线均表现出弹性变形段、平缓段和紧实段三阶段特征 ;泡沫 Al- 10 % Mg合金具有明显的应变率敏感性 ,随应变速率的提高 ,相同应变量下的流动应力上升。

热处理工艺对Al-10%Si-3%Cu-0.3%Mg合金微观组织和性能的影响

研究了热处理工艺对Sr变质Al-10%Si-3%Cu-0.3%Mg合金组织和和力学性能的影响。通过显微组织观察、力学性能检测及断口形貌分析,对Al-10%Si-3%Cu-0.3%Mg合金硬度和抗拉强度进行了研究。结果表明,在500℃(或500℃×4 h+515℃)下固溶处理,随时间的延长,富铜相的溶解量增多,同时在535℃下出现了富铜相的熔化。同时还发现与一步固溶工艺相比,两步固溶处理工艺下富铜相能够充分溶解,性能更好。经500℃保温4h+515℃保温8h处理性能最佳;对该试样再进行175℃×4h时效处理后,试样抗拉强度和塑性都明显提高。

稀土La对Al-10Mg合金铸态组织与性能的影响

研究了添加稀土La对Al-10Mg合金铸态显微组织和力学性能的影响,结果表明:加入质量分数为0.3%-0.5%的La能够细化铸态Al-10Mg合金的晶粒,并形成颗粒状及短杆状Al-La化合物,提高合金力学性能,当La添加量超过0.7%时,合金晶粒出现粗化,Al-La化合物转变为沿晶界连续分布的粗大网络状形态,La对合金的强化效果减弱。

Al-10%Mg中间合金细化Al-5%Fe合金的研究

通过改变Al-10%Mg中间合金晶粒细化剂加入量和熔体保温时间,研究了过共晶Al-5%Fe合金微观组织形态及力学性能。试验表明,在过共晶Al-5%Fe合金中加入Al-10%Mg中间合金细化剂,当加入量为1.2%、保温时间为90 min时,细化效果仍较好,Al-5%Fe合金中初生A13Fe相由粗大板条状变为花朵状和颗粒状,尺寸明显减小,材料的强度和塑性明显提高。

热处理对铸造Al-10Si-5Cu-0.75Mg合金组织及性能的影响

利用扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、X射线衍射仪、万能拉伸试验机、布氏硬度计等分析和测试了Al-10Si-5Cu-0.75Mg合金的显微组织和力学性能,探讨了合金热处理过程中析出相的溶解过程和强韧化机制。结果表明,合金最佳热处理工艺为500℃×8 h固溶,190℃×6 h人工时效;合金抗拉强度、硬度、伸长率与铸态相比分别提高了40%、62%、29%。固溶过程产生的强化主要是来自Al_2Cu相的溶解,时效过程产生的强化主要是由于析出相θ'对位错的阻碍作用。

Ce对Al-18%Si-10%Mg合金显微组织与力学性能的影响

研究了稀土元素Ce对Al-18%Si-10%Mg合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,在合金中添加适量的Ce对初生Mg2Si和初生硅都有良好的变质作用。当Ce添加到0.8%时,初生的Mg2Si颗粒由粗大十字状或者不规则的多面体转变成为细小规则的块状,初生硅和共晶硅颗粒的尺寸也减小。随着稀土元素Ce的添加,合金的抗拉强度和硬度均得到了提高,增幅分别为29.7%和15.8%。同时摩擦系数以及磨损量则逐渐降低,降幅分别为10.5%和74.5%。

Effects of La-Ce addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-18Si-4Cu-0.5Mg alloy

The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Al-18 Si-4 Cu-0.5 Mg alloy modified by the addition of La-Ce rare earth elements through OM,SEM,EPMA and tensile tests were investigated.The results of OM and SEM analyses indicated that primary Si particles were significantly refined from coarse block-like and irregular polygonal shapes into fine flaky shapes,while eutectic Si particles were modified from coarse and needle-like into fine and rod-or coral-like shapes with increase of La-Ce addition.The alloy exhibited the minimum primary Si particle size and the best mechanical properties with the addition of 0.3 wt.%La-Ce.The average particle size decreased from 61 to 28 μm,the ultimate tensile strength increased from 222 to 242 MPa and the elongation increased from 3.2% to 6.3%.In addition,modification mechanisms and fracture modes were explored by the means of SEM and EPMA.

High-cycle fatigue and fracture behaviours of SLM AlSi10Mg alloy

The high-cycle fatigue and fracture behaviours of the selective laser melting(SLM)AlSi10Mg alloy were investigated.Flat specimens were designed directly in the shape required for the fatigue tests under pulsating loading in tension(R=0,R is the dynamic factor).The fatigue−life(S−N)curves were modelled with a conditional Weibull’s probability density function,where the real-valued genetic algorithm(GA)and the differential ant-stigmergy algorithm(DASA)were applied to estimating the needed Weibull’s parameters.The fractography of the fatigue specimens showed that the fatigue cracks initiated around the surface defects produced by SLM and then propagated in an unstable manner.However,the presence of large SLM defects mainly influenced the crack initiation period and did not have a strong influence on the crack propagation.The obtained experimental results present a basis for further investigation of the fatigue behaviour of advanced materials and structures(e.g.cellular metamaterials)fabricated by additive manufacturing(AM).Especially,in the case of two-dimensional cellular structures,the cross-section of cellular struts is usually rectangular which corresponds to the specimen shape considered in this work.

Production of grain-refined AC7A Al-Mg alloy via solidification in ultrasonic field

The objective of the current study was to investigate the use of ultrasonic melt treatment technology in the production of grain-refined billets of the AC7 A alloy, which was intended for subsequent use as a feedstock in forming operations. The experiments included the application of ultrasonic vibrations to the molten alloys via direct and indirect techniques. Several process parameters such as pouring temperatures(several temperatures between 740 and 660℃), and treatment time(from 12 min down to 2 min) were investigated. The experiment included continuous ultrasonic treatment from the liquid to the semisolid states. The results showed that both treatment techniques were viable for producing billets with the desirable microstructural characteristics. The optimum treatment conditions were the short treatment time(2 to 3 min), from about 660℃ down to 615℃ for the indirect treatment technique, and from 660℃ to 635℃ for the direct treatment technique. The resulting microstructures, at three positions along the height of the ingot, were characterized by fine, non-dendritic α(Al) grains in the order of a hundred microns, as compared to few thousands of microns for the conventional cast ingots. The intermetallic particles were also refined in size and modified in morphology by the ultrasonic treatment. The operating mechanisms by which the ultrasonic vibrations altered the ingot microstructures were discussed and analyzed.

Effect of heat treatment processing on microstructure and tensile properties of Ti-6Al-4V-10Nb alloy

Effects of heat treatment processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V-10Nb alloy were investigated. The microstructures were investigated by SEM, TEM and XRD, and the mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile tests at room and elevated temperatures. The results indicate that the lath-like and globular primary α phase, secondary α phase and β phase are obtained after forging and heat treatment processing. The size of secondary α phase is much smaller than that of primary α phase. After heat treatment, the volume fraction of primary α phase is decreased, and that of secondary α phase is increased. With the increase of solution temperature, the volume fraction of primary α phase is gradually decreased, and that of secondary α phase is obviously increased. The yield strength and tensile strength of Ti-6Al-4V-10Nb alloy are significantly enhanced with the solution temperature increasing.

Dynamic recrystallization during hot torsion of Al-4Mg alloy

Binary Al-4Mg alloy have been deformed by hot torsion at 300-500 deg C andstrain rates of 0.006-1.587 s^(-1) to a true strain of 5.5. The specimens were annealed in vacuumfor 1.5 h at 500 deg C and then water quenched. The study indicates that the dynamicrecrystallization occurs during hot torsion of Al-4Mg alloy in a certain range of Z parameter(Zener-Hollmon Parameter), i.e. 19.3 <= lnZ <=24.8. Increasing the strain rate at higher deformationtemperature or reducing the strain rate at lower deformation temperature accelerates the occurrenceof dynamic recrystallization in the alloy.

Microstructural evolution of pre-twinned Mg alloy with annealing temperature and underlying boundary migration mechanism

This study investigates the variations in the microstructural characteristics of a pre-twinned Mg alloy with the temperature of the subsequent annealing treatment.To this end,a rolled AZ31 alloy is compressed to 3%plastic strain along the rolling direction(RD)to activate{10-12}twinning and is subsequently annealed at 200,250,300,350,and 400℃.Numerous{10-12}twins are formed throughout the compressed material,leading to the formation of a RD-oriented texture.At an annealing temperature of 200℃,no microstructural variations occur during annealing.As the annealing temperature increases from 250 to 400℃,the residual strain energy and remaining twin boundaries of the annealed material decrease owing to the promoted static recovery and the increased area fraction of twin-free grown grains.Consequently,an increase in the annealing temperature results in a gradual microstructural transition from a fully twinned grain structure to a completely twin-free grain structure.The microstructural evolution during annealing is predominantly governed by the movement of high-angle grain boundaries via a strain-induced boundary migration mechanism,and a few twin boundaries migrate above 350℃because of their lower boundary energy.The boundary migration behavior and resultant microstructural evolution are discussed in detail based on the variations in boundary mobility and driving force for boundary migration with annealing temperature.