Deoxidation Behavior of Alloys Bearing Barium in Molten Steel

The deoxidation behaviors of alloys bearing barium in pipe steel were researched with MgO crucible under argon atmosphere in MoSi2 furnace at 1 873 K.The total oxygen contents of molten steel,the distribution,size and morphology of deoxidation products in the steel were surveyed.The metamorphic mechanism for deoxidation products of alloy bearing barium was also discussed.The results show that applying alloy bearing barium to the pipe steel,very low total oxygen contents can be obtained,and deoxidation products,which easily float up from molten steel,can be changed into globular shape and uniformly distributed in steel.The equilibrium time of total oxygen is about 25 min,and the terminal total oxygen contents range from 0.002 0%to 0.002 2% after treating with SiCa wire.The best deoxidizers are SiAlBaCa and SiAlBaCaSr.

Microstructural Features of Spray-Deposited Immiscible Bearing Alloys Al-43Sn and Al-7Sn-1.3Cu-1.3Ni

Two commercial grade aluminum based immiscible bearing alloys were spray-deposited using convergent-divergent type of nozzle. The processing parameters for spray-deposition were adjusted in such a way that most of the droplets arrived on the deposition substrate in either liquid or semi-liquid state. The microstructural features of spray-formed and as-cast alloys are compared. In spray-formed alloys equiaxed grains were observed. The cell boundaries and intercellular regions were observed to be decorated with sub-micron sized particles whereas in normal casting the second phase was observed to be segregated along grain boundaries. The morphology and distribution of second phase were observed to have similarity with those in over-spread and atomized powders produced under similar processing conditions. The microstructural features observed with variation in spray conditions are discussed in detail.

Preparation of Scandium Bearing Master Alloys by Aluminum Magnesium Thermoreduction

The new preparation method of scandium bearing master alloys, in which scandium oxide was fluorinated by reaction with NH 4HF 2 and then reduced by aluminum magnesium in fused salt containing alkali and alkaline fluoride under atmosphere, was studied. The effect of sorts of metallic reductive and technique conditions such as reducing temperature and time on the recovery of Sc was discussed. When the liquid aluminum magnesium was used as the reductive agent, the all recovery exceeds 80% and the concentration of Sc in master alloy prepared exceeds 1.9%. The best reducing reaction temperature and time are 1100 K and 40 min respectively. The newly produced Sc from reduction combines with Al to produce the stable compound Al 3Sc, so the reduction progress is sustained and the recovery of Sc is increased.

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al-Zn-Sn Bearing Alloys for High Performance Applications

The mechanical behavior and indentation creep of Al-20 wt% Zn bearing alloy has been modified with adding 0.2 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.5 wt% Sn. These bearing alloys were prepared by melt spinning technique. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the morphology of the melt spun alloys and x-ray diffractometer (XRD) for the identification of the phases pre- sent in these melt-spun bearing alloys. The results show that the structure of Al80-x-Zn20-SnX (X = 0.2%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) bearing alloys is characterized by the presence of α-Al of FCC structure and SnZn intermetallic compound of anorthic structure. The Al-20Zn-1.5Sn has a smaller crystallite size and grain size as indicated from X-ray and SEM analysis respectively, which leading to the enhancement of the mechanical properties. The mechanical properties and indentation creep of these bearing alloys were studied by tensile test machine and vickers indentation testing at room temperature, respectively. The Al-20Zn-1.5Sn has higher hardness value and creep resistance than other alloys. This was attributed to the strengthen effect of Sn as a strong solid solution element in Al-matrix. The stress exponent values in the range 2.4 - 4.2 indicate that the grain boundary sliding is the possible mechanism during room temperature creep deformation of melt-spun Al-Zn-Sn bearing alloys.

HAZ CRACKING AND HOT DUCTILITY OF Ni_3AI CONTAINING Zr ALLOY

The HAZ cracking test in EB welding condition and hot ductility test show that the cracking mechanism is the formation of Ni - Ni5Zr eutectic which is resulting from the enrichment of Zr in grain boundaries during welding.In order to eliminate HAZ cracks the diffusion and recrystalization anealing treatment after cast and during cold rolling should be conducted in vacuum or protecting atmosphere and at the same time a slow welding speed is necessary.

Experimental study on the feasibility of alternative materials for tilting pad thrust bearings operating in transition to mixed friction

In hydrodynamic bearings traditional bearing alloys:Babbitts and bronzes are most frequently utilized.Polymer sliding layers are sometimes applied as a valuable alternative.Hard diamond-like carbon(DLC)coatings,which are also considered for certain applications may show some advantages,as well.Although material selection is of secondary importance in a full film lubrication regime it becomes important in mixed friction conditions,which is crucial for bearings with frequent starts and stops.Experimental research aimed at studying the performance of fluid film bearings in the specific operating regime,including the transition to mixed friction,is described in the paper.The tests were carried out on four tilting pad bearings of different material compositions:Steel/bronze,DLC/steel,steel/polyether ether ketone(PEEK),and steel/Babbitt.The tests comprised stopping under load and reproduction of the Stribeck curve by decreasing rotational speed to very low values,and observing the changes of friction force during the transition to mixed friction regime.Analysis of the transition conditions and other results showed clear differences between the tested bearings,illustrating the feasibility of less popular material compositions for bearings operating in specific conditions.More specifically,the DLC/steel bearing was demonstrating superior performance,i.e.lower friction,transition to mixed friction occurring at higher load,and more stable performance at start-stop regime over the other tested bearings.

Mathematical Simulation of Flow Phenomena in CAS-OB Refining Ladle

The deoxidation behaviors of alloys bearing barium in pipe steel were researched with MgO crucible under argon atmosphere in MoSi 2 furnace at 1 873 K. The total oxygen contents of molten steel, the distribution, size and morphology of deoxidation products in the steel were surveyed. The metamorphic mechanism for deoxidation products of alloy bearing barium was also discussed. The results show that applying alloy bearing barium to the pipe steel, very low total oxygen contents can be obtained, and deoxidation products, which easily float up from molten steel, can be changed into globular shape and uniformly distributed in steel. The equilibrium time of total oxygen is about 25 min, and the terminal total oxygen contents range from 0 002 0 % to 0 002 2 % after treating with SiCa wire. The best deoxidizers are SiAlBaCa and SiAlBaCaSr.