Evaluation of the Efficacy of an Aloe barbadensis Based Biological Insecticide against Pests of Abelmochus esculentus for Promoting Ecological Agriculture (Far-North, Cameroon)

Chemical insecticides have been considered as a means to combat crop pests. Although their effectiveness is evident, their impact on the environment is increasingly being discussed. The aim of this study is to determine the agro-ecological potential of a biological insecticide (C25H32O12) based on Aloe barbadensis in a Sahelian context. For this purpose, a completely randomized block experimental design with 3 replications and 4 treatments was set up to experiment with Aloe barbadensis as a bioinsecticide against pests of Abelmoschus esculentus. However, data were collected using an observation and parameter monitoring grid. This includes the cultivation of Abelmoschus esculentus, soil preparation, seeding and watering, plot labeling, preparation of the bioinsecticide (selection and preparation of raw materials, grinding of Aloe barbadensis miller and extraction of the crude bioinsecticide, quantification of treatment doses and dilution, and obtaining the formulated bioinsecticide), plant watering, plant treatment, and finally parameter monitoring. The results obtained reveal that the level of damage is significantly high in the control treatment T0 (63%) compared to the other treatments, with 29% for treatment T1, 7% for T2, and 1% for T3, implying a strong action capability of this insecticide against pests of Abelmoschus esculentus. Therefore, it can be concluded that for a normal growing season of Abelmoschus esculentus, this biological insecticide should be sprayed 12 times. Furthermore, this biological insecticide is unique in that it does not inflict any gastric toxicity on the pests, which gives it the characteristic of being a repellent. It is a biological insecticide whose efficacy period has been tested, with a minimum duration of 21 days. In conclusion, this formulated bioinsecticide based on Aloe barbadensis demonstrates significant efficacy against pests of Abelmoschus esculentus. In the future, we will consider experimenting with its effectiveness against pests of other plants.

Genetic Transformation of Aloe barbadensis Miller by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Despite the importance of aloe in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, improvement of aloe （Aloe barbadensis Miller） by genetic engineering was seldom reported previously. In this study, regeneration and transformation conditions, including explant selection and surface sterilization, use of different Agrobacterium strains, and co-culture processing, are optimized. The use of 20.0% sodium hypochloride （25 rain） for sterilization was less detrimental to the health of explant than 0.1% mercuric chloride （10 min）. Regeneration frequency from stems was much higher than that from leaves or sheaths. Explants were infected by Agrobacterium （30 rain） in liquid co-cultural medium, and this was followed by three days co-culture on sterile filter papers with light for 10 h per day at 24℃. Histochemical data demonstrated that the transient expression of GUS gene in the stem explants of aloe infected with Agrobacterium strains EHAI05 and C58CI was 80.0% and 30.0%, respectively, suggesting the higher sensitivity of the explants to EHAI05 than to C58C1. Infected tissues were selected using G418 （10.0-25.0 mg/L） to generate transformants. Sixty-seven G418 resistant plantlets were generated from the infected explants. Southern blotting, PCR, and ELISA analyses indicated that the alien gene were successfully transferred into aloe and was expressed in the transgenic plants. This newly established transformation system could be used for the genetic improvement of aloe.

Determination of Barbaloin in Aloe vera L. var. chinensis (Haw.) Berger and Aloe barbadensis Miller by HPLC

A reserved-phase HPLC method was developed for the determination of barbaloin in Aloe vera L. var. chinensis (Haw.) Berger and Aloe barbadensis Miller, and whether there was a close relationship between the contents of barbaloin and their environments in which they were growing was decided. A Hypersil ODS column (4.6 mm×200 mm, 5 μm)was used with a mobile phase of methanol-water (40:60, containing 0.1% acetic acid), the flow rate being 1.0 mL·min -1, detection wavelength at 359 nm, and the column temperature being 30℃. The linear range of barbaloin was between 0.0726 and 0.726 μg with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998 and the regression equation being Y=1.9202×10 6X-1801.9. Barbaloin was stable in methanol in 48 h and the instrument precision was 1.2% while the method precision was 4.9%. The contents of barbaloin of 12 samples ranged from 6.160 to 319.1 μg·g -1. The method developed was fast and simple with good reproducibility. There was high correlation between the contents of barbaloin and their growing environments.

Aloe barbadensis Miller peptide/polypeptide fraction alleviates inflammation through inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators in vitro and in rats with Freund’s adjuvant-induced hind paw edema

Objective:To evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of peptide/polypeptide fraction of Aloe vera through in vitro and in vivo studies.Methods:The peptide/polypeptide fraction from Aloe vera was obtained through trichloroacetic acid precipitation.The anti-inflammatory property of the peptide/polypeptide fraction was tested by protein denaturation,membrane stabilization assays.The effect of the fraction on RAW 264.7 cell viability was examined by MTT assays.The nitric oxide level was determined through Griess reagent.TNF-αand IL-6 levels were estimated using ELISA kits.In vivo studies were carried out in male Wistar rats through injection of Freund’s adjuvant in the hind paw.Paw edema was measured through the Vernier scale and levels of alanine aminotransferase,aspartate transaminase,TNF-α,IL-6,and secretory phospholipase A2 were estimated through their respective kits after fourteen days of treatment.Graph Pad Prism6 was used for analyzing the results.Results:The peptide/polypeptide extract inhibited protein denaturation with an IC50 value of(218.9±15.6)μg/m L and stabilized the membrane of red blood cells with an IC50 value of(275.9±19.1)μg/m L.The extract showed no changes in cell morphology or cytotoxicity up to the concentration of 20μg/mL in MTT assays.The peptide/polypeptide fraction markedly reduced the levels of proinflammatory markers and mediators in both in vitro and in vivo studies.Conclusions:The results indicate that the peptide/polypeptide fraction of Aloe vera has antiinflammatory property through inhibition of inflammatory markers and mediators responsible for NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.

Protective Effect of <i>Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis</i>Miller) on Erythrocytes Anion Transporter and Oxidative Change

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of aqueous extract of Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) on oxidative damage and Anion Exchanger 1 (AE1, also known as Band 3) expression in human erythrocytes exposed to the water soluble free radical initiator 2.2’-azobis-2-amidinopropano dihydrochloride (AAPH). In addition, total phenolic compounds in the extracts were determined as catechin equivalent and the various antioxidant activities were compared to natural and synthetic standard antioxidants such as BHA and ascorbic acid. Since Aloe vera extract did not cause a consumption of the cytosolic antioxidant, glutathione (GSH) when it was direct incubated with GSH in basic aerated aqueous solution, this indicates that Aloe vera extract does not proceed auto oxidation at this experimental condition. Furthermore, Aloe vera extract prevent the consumption of GSH, in radical treated RBCs. It also inhibit consumption of GSH when it was direct incubated with AAPH. Aloe vera gel extract inhibits the generation of diphenyl-2-picrylhy-drazyl (DPPH) and the scavenging activity was increased in a dose dependent manner. Aloe vera extract was shown the similar reducing power than standards BHT and ascorbic acid. Biochemical analysis by SDS-PAGE and western blotting showed that AAPH-induced oxidative stress increased the susceptibility of AE1 to proteolytic degradation. Of note, our data evidenced that Aloe vera treatment was able to partially restore the normal RBC membrane protein profiles in a dose-dependent manner. These results clearly demonstrate the antioxidative activity of Aloe vera gel extract that might be ascribed to a synergistic action of the bioactive compounds contained therein.

Valorization of Aloe barbadensis Miller. (Aloe vera) Processing Waste

Aloe vera plant is known worldwide for its medicinal properties and application in gel-based products such as shampoo,soap,and sunscreen.However,the demand for these gel-based products has led to a surplus production of Aloe vera processing waste.An Aloe vera gel processing facility could generate up to 4000 kg of Aloe vera waste per month.Currently the Aloe vera waste is being disposed to the landfill or used as fertilizer.A sustainable management system for the Aloe vera processing waste should be considered,due to the negative societal and environmental impacts of the currents waste disposal methods.Therefore,this review focuses on various approaches that can be used to valorize Aloe vera waste into value-added products,such as animal and aquaculture feeds,biosorbents,biofuel and natural polymers.Researchers have reported Aloe vera waste for environmental applications biosorbents used for wastewater treatment of various pollutants.Several studies have also reported on the valorization of Aloe vera waste for production of biofuels such as bioethanol,mixed alcohol fuels,biogas and syngas.Aloe vera waste could also be valorized through isolation and synthesis of natural polymers for application in wound dressing,tissue engineering and drug delivery systems.Aloe vera waste valorization was also reviewed through extraction of value-added bioactive compounds such as aloe-emodin,aloin and aloeresin.These value-added bioactive compounds have various applications in the cosmetics(non-steroidal anti-inflammatory,tyrosinase inhibitors)and pharmaceutical(anticancer agent and COVID 19 inhibitors)industry.

Physicochemical Properties and Control Release of Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) Bioactive Loaded Poly (Lactic Co-Glycolide Acid) Synthesized Nanoparticles

Nano-encapsulation is a platform which offers a promising application for control release and the delivery of drugs in pharmaceuticals and antioxidant/ antimicrobial in food systems. Poly (lactic-co-glycolide acid) (PLGA) is a biodegradable and biocompatible co-polymer of lactic acid and glycolic acid which is used for synthesizing food based polymeric nanoparticles (NP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological and physicochemical properties and the controlled release of bioactive components derived from Aloe vera gel loaded PLGA NP. The results shows the mean hydrodynamic diameter of the unloaded NP is 103 nm which is significantly (p < 0.01) smaller than the loaded freeze dried powered gel (FDG) (147 nm) and liquid gel (LG) (221 nm) and the particle size distribution given by the Poly-dispersity Index were 0.2, 0.2 and 0.3, respectively. The zeta potential for unloaded, FDG and LG NP were ±60, ±28 and ±22 mV, respectively, hence were electrokinetically stable NP. No significant (p > 0.05) inhibition of the antioxidant potential was observed with loaded NP. The entrapment efficiency for the FDG synthesized was 87%, and the burst effect was observed after 4 h as a result of the encapsulation effect. The release kinetics of bioactive is govern by the combination of mass diffusion and capillary action.

Effect of Laser Ablation on the Physicochemical Properties of Microwave-Assisted Synthesized AgNP in Aloe Vera (Aloe Barbadensis) Extract

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using biomolecular extracts of plant origin is of interest to many researchers because of their potential to produced stable product. It is hypothesized that laser ablation of the AgNP in solution will enhance the biomolecules such as aliphatic amines, alkenes (=C-H), alkanes (C-H), alcohol (O-H) and unsaturatedesters (C-O) in the Nano emulsion. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of laser oblation on the physicochemical properties and stability of AgNP reduced with Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis ). Experiments were conducted with the pre-made AgNP were subjected to the three laser oblation treatments: 1) Control no laser treatment of AgNP, 2) Laser ablation treatment for 5 minutes and 3) Laser ablation treatment for 10 minutes. The results of the analysis show that laser oblation treatment has significant effect (p < 0.01) on the concentration of AgNP. The intensity of the absorption peak significantly (p < 0.01) increases with laser exposure time. While 214 ppm was observed with no laser treatment, 224 and 229 ppm increase of concentration was observed when laser treated for 5 and 10 min. The rates of reaction of restructuring the particles sizes were 0.384, 0.408 and 0.4288 min-1 at different laser exposure treatments times 0, 5 and 10 min, respectively. The FTIR results show significant (p < 0.05) increase in biomolecules concentration of aliphatic amines, alkenes (=C-H), alkanes (C-H), alcohol (O-H) and unsaturatedesters (C-O).

药用翠叶芦荟(Aloe barbadensis Miller)若干营养生理参数的研究

研究结果表明,不同产地翠叶芦荟植株芦荟甙含量,以新政(Ⅰ)】城郊(Ⅲ)】三江(Ⅱ)为列,变化范围的量值4.00~8.63％;叶位不同,多糖类含量、POD酶活性变化均为5、6叶位】3、4叶位】1、2叶位,总量比值差异分别是3.511～4.578g/100g、0.165～0.580OD470/min·g-1·Fw;花器不同部位矿质营养元素各自有别,显示出高K、富Na、低ca状况;花粉活性酶类组成含量变化以AST】ALT】GPT】β-HBDH】CK】AMY】ALP】G-GT】LDH。

Relationship Between Leaf Structure and Aloin Content in Six Species of Aloe L.

The leaf structure, content and the storage location of aloin in the leaves of six species of Aloe L. were studied by means of semi-thin section, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and fluorescent microscope. Results showed that all leaves consisted of epidermis, chlorenchyma, aquiferous tissue and vascular bundles. The leaves had the xeromorphic characteristics, including thickened epidermal cell wall, thickened cuticle, sunken stomata and well-developed aquiferous tissue. With the exception of thus, there were remarkable differences in leaf structure among the six species. The chlorenchyma cells were similar to palisade tissues in Aloe arborescens Mill. and A. mutabilis Pillans, but isodiametric in A. vera L., A. vera L. var. chinensis Berg., A. saponaria Hawer and A. greenii Bali. A. arborescens, A. mutabilis, A. very and A. vera var. chinensis included large parenchymatous cells at the vascular bundles, whereas no such cells were observed at the vascular bundles of A. saponaria and A. greenii. In A. arborescens, A. mutabilis and A. vera, the aquiferous tissue sheaths were present and composed of a layer of small parenchymatous cells without chloroplasts around the aquiferous tissue. While there were no aquiferous tissue sheaths in A. vera var. chinensis, A. saponaria and A. greenii. The HPLC revealed that the content of aloin was high in A. arborescens, low in A. vera, and very low in A. saponaria among the six species. The fluorescent microscopy showed that the yellow-green globule only appeared in the large parenchymatous cells of vascular bundles, vascular bundle sheath and aquiferous tissue sheath, but not in the chlorenchyma and aquiferous tissue. Consequently, the large parenchymatous cells of vascular bundles, vascular bundle sheath and aquiferous tissue sheath were the storage location of aloin. They were positively correlated with the content of aloin.

长期盐胁迫对库拉索芦荟(Aloe vera)生长和汁液理化性质的影响

在温室中砂培条件下研究了7叶龄库拉索芦荟(Aloe vera)以含0、50、100、200和400 mmol L-1NaCl的Hoagland营养液浇灌120 d的生长响应及其全叶原汁的理化性质。结果表明:200 mmol L-1NaCl处理显著抑制芦荟生长,使叶片长度、宽度、厚度和重量显著减小,含水量和叶绿素含量降低,干枯死亡的叶片数显著增多,根系周界和根系密集区显著缩小,单株干重降至对照的65.02%,单株鲜重只及对照的38.32%,至开花期花葶低矮、细弱,开花株数明显减少;100 mmol L-1NaCl处理对库拉索芦荟生长的抑制作用显著减轻,且可正常开花,花期未见缩短,但至处理结束时新叶的长度,处理结束时单叶的厚度和鲜重、根系密集区范围以及叶片和全株的鲜重、根系的干重和鲜重均显著小于对照,而50 mmol L-1NaCl处理与对照无显著性差异。盐胁迫对库拉索芦荟全叶原汁出汁率及理化性质的影响与对生长开花的影响相似,其中501、00 mmol L-1NaCl处理间多数指标值无显著性差异,与对照相比多数指标值处于有益水平。综合评判:库拉索芦荟具有咸水微咸水灌溉栽培的潜势。

活性炭在库拉索芦荟(Aloe vera)的组织培养中的应用

探索了库拉索芦荟组织培养中活性炭(AC)的添加量与植物激素添加量的关系以及对库拉索芦荟外植体出芽率的影响。结果表明,在MS固体培养基中,活性炭对植物激素的吸附量不能简单地套用MS液体培养基中的吸附量,活性炭的吸附作用情况较复杂;库拉索芦荟外植体出芽的较好培养基为MS+6 BA3mg/L+NAA0 2mg/L+AC0 2%和MS+6 BA5mg/L+NAA0 2mg/L+AC0 4%。

Anatomy, Histochemistry and Phytochemistry of Leaves in Aloe vera var. chinensis

A multidisciplinary approach-anatomy, histochemistry and phytochemistry-was used to investigate the leaf structure, the content and the storage location of barbaloin in the leaves of Aloe vera L. var. chinensis (Haw.) Berg. Xeromorphic characteristics including secondary thickened epidermal cell walls, thicker cuticle, ambiguous differentiation of spongy and palisade tissues in the chlorenchyma, and well-developed aquiferous tissue could be seen in the leaves. Several large parenchymatous cells were observed at the phloem pole of the first ring of vascular bundles. The secondary ring of vascular bundles in the leaf base and the stomata, which are surrounded by five cells, have some classification significance in this species. The density of vascular bundles, the content of barbaloin and the intensity of histochemical reaction differed among leaf numbers Ll (annual leaf), L2 (biennial leaf), L3 (triennial leaf) and L4 (quadrennial leaf), and in different parts of the leaf. These three factors were highest in the youngest leaf, Ll, and top parts of all the leaves and lowest in the basal parts and the oldest leaf, L4. The density of vascular bundles had a positive correlation to the content of barbaloin. The histochemical results revealed that the small sheath cells that surrounded the bundles might be the location of barbaloin synthesis and the large parenchymatous cells beneath the sheath might be the storage places of this metabolite.

The Action of Aloe Anthraquinones in Protecting the Growth of Soybean from Ultraviolet Radiation Stress

In order to investigate the protective effect of aloe anthraquinones on growth and development of soybean against ultraviolet B radiation stress from the morphological structure and physio-chemical indices. The results showed that, stressed by the enhanced ultraviolet b radiation, the soybean gave a dwarfed plant, shrunken leaf area and decreased photosynthetic pigment, while an ascended MDA content. Spraying aloe anthraquinones effectively relieved the reductions of chloro- phyll content and biomass and decreased the production of MDA under the radia- tion of UV-B. Moreover, under the UV-B radiation, waxy substances on epidermal cells increased remarkably and the stomas showed obvious subsidence, while spraying aloe anthraquinones could maintain the structure and shape of cells similar to that under natural light, and the stomas subsidence as well.

影响库拉索芦荟(Aloe vera L.)愈伤组织诱导的因素

比较了不同培养基对库拉索芦荟愈伤组织的诱导效果,其中B5+6 BA2.0mg/L+2,4 D2.0mg/L+Vc5.0mg/L培养基出愈率较高,愈伤组织褐化较轻.探讨了抑制库拉索芦荟愈伤组织褐化的方法.

芦荟库拉索(Aloe vera L)再生体系的建立

对芦荟(AloeveraL.)组织培养和再生体系进行了研究,初步获得芦荟的初代和继代培养基为MS+6-BA2.5mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L+蔗糖30mg/L,生根培养基成分为1/2MS+IBA0.2mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L+蔗糖30mg/L,愈伤组织培养采用粗壮的芦荟基部的白色部分,诱导愈伤组织的培养基为B5+6-BA2.0mg/L+2,4-D2.0mg/L+蔗糖30mg/L,采用Vc5.0mg/L抑制愈伤组织诱导过程中褐变的产生。诱导愈伤组织和外植体直接出芽2种方式并存。试管苗移栽后存活率为100%。采用潮霉素为抗性筛选标记,选择浓度为20￣30mg/L。

六种芦荟属(Aloe L.)植物的形态特征及生物学特性描述

文章对6种芦荟属 (AloeL .)植物和1种十二卷属 (HaworthiaDuval.)植物的外部形态学特征及其生物学特性进行了详细描述 。

芦荟(Aloe arborenscens)叶片细胞部分超微结构生物电子显微镜技术的观察

文章通过对芦荟叶片细胞TEM常规样品制备技术,EM负染色技术,Meltshadow技术,SEM常规样品制备技术的生物电镜应用,在光学显微镜结构观察的基础上,观察了芦荟叶片表皮的各种附属结构,芦荟叶片细胞的细胞壁、细胞膜的结构与位置,叶片细胞的液泡、叶绿体、线粒体和核仁的形状及结构等。观察结果表明,芦荟叶片表面有蜡质层包被,且分布均匀;叶绿体呈棒状,内有丰富的片层结构;核仁呈圆球状,染色质深而密集;线粒体呈长圆球形,内膜腔内充满了透明的胶体状态物质。

华芦荟(Aloe.chinensis)和元江芦荟(Aloe.yuanjiangensis)种名确定的探讨

文章对芦荟属(AloeL.)分类地位进行描述,并对华芦荟[Aloe.chinensis(Haw.)Baker]和元江芦荟(A.yuanjiangensisXiong,ZhengetLiu)种名的确定进行阐述。

芦荟属(Aloe L.)植物有性杂交试验的研究初报

文章用芦荟属(Aloe L．)植物元江芦荟(A．yuanjiangensis Xiong,Zheng et Liu)和皂质芦荟[A．saponaria(Ait．) Haw．]为亲本进行了种间远缘有性杂交试验,获得了19株F1代实生苗。对F1代实生苗的外部形态特征的初步鉴定结果表明,F1代出现了明显的分离,并产生了兼有父母本优良特征的中间类型10株,占52．63％,达到育种目标的有8株,占 42．11％。旨在探索芦荟属植物杂交育种的方法与途径,培育具有更高经济价值的芦荟新品种,丰富我国的芦荟种质资源。