拥抱互联 打造船舶领域的“Alpha Go”

12月5日，由我国自主研制的全球第一艘智能船舶-iDolphin 38800吨智能散货船“大智”号（英文名GREAT INTELLIGENCE）在上海海事展上正式交付使用。该船首次实现了智能船舶的实船自主研制并投入商业化运营，是全球首艘获得智能船入级符号（英国劳氏船级社和中国船级社）的真正意义上的智能船舶。近年来，“智能船舶”是业界的热门关键词之一，深受业界关注。随着这次两年一度的中国海事展的盛大开幕，船舶智能化，乃至无人船已经在中国落地生根，蓬勃发展。

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor in Glioblastoma Multiforme:a systematic review going beyond pathologic implications

Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)is an aggressive primary brain tumor characterized by extensive heterogeneity and vascular proliferation.Hypoxic conditions in the tissue microenvironment are considered a pivotal player leading tumor progression.Specifically,hypoxia is known to activate inducible factors,such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha(HIF-1α),which in turn can stimulate tumor neo-angiogenesis through activation of various downward mediators,such as the vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).Here,we aimed to explore the role of HIF-1α/VEGF immunophenotypes alone and in combination with other prognostic markers or clinical and image analysis data,as potential biomarkers of GBM prognosis and treatment efficacy.We performed a systematic review(Medline/Embase,and Pubmed database search was completed by 16th of April 2024 by two independent teams;PRISMA 2020).We evaluated methods of immunoassays,cell viability,or animal or patient survival methods of the retrieved studies to assess unbiased data.We used inclusion criteria,such as the evaluation of GBM prognosis based on HIF-1α/VEGF expression,other biomarkers or clinical and imaging manifestations in GBM related to HIF-1α/VEGF expression,application of immunoassays for protein expression,and evaluation of the effectiveness of GBM therapeutic strategies based on HIF-1α/VEGF expression.We used exclusion criteria,such as data not reporting both HIF-1αand VEGF or prognosis.We included 50 studies investigating in total 1319 GBM human specimens,18 different cell lines or GBM-derived stem cells,and 6 different animal models,to identify the association of HIF-1α/VEGF immunophenotypes,and with other prognostic factors,clinical and macroscopic data in GBM prognosis and therapeutic approaches.We found that increased HIF-1α/VEGF expression in GBM correlates with oncogenic factors,such as miR-210-3p,Oct4,AKT,COX-2,PDGF-C,PLDO3,M2 polarization,or ALK,leading to unfavorable survival.Reduced HIF-1α/VEGF expression correlates with FIH-1,ADNP,or STAT1 upregulation,as well as with clinical manifestations,like epileptogenicity,and a favorable prognosis of GBM.Based on our data,HIF-1αor VEGF immunophenotypes may be a useful tool to clarify MRI-PET imaging data distinguishing between GBM tumor progression and pseudoprogression.Finally,HIF-1α/VEGF immunophenotypes can reflect GBM treatment efficacy,including combined first-line treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors,thimerosal,or an active metabolite of irinotecan,as well as STAT3 inhibitors alone,and resulting in a favorable tumor prognosis and patient survival.These data were supported by a combination of variable methods used to evaluate HIF-1α/VEGF immunophenotypes.Data limitations may include the use of less sensitive detection methods in some cases.Overall,our data support HIF-1α/VEGF’s role as biomarkers of GBM prognosis and treatment efficacy.

Alpha-synuclein in mitochondrial dysfunction:opportunities or obstacles

Recent work suggests a link betweenα-synuclein(α-syn)and mitochondrial dysfunction;however,the mechanisms of howα-syn influences mitochondrial function are still unclear.Most notably,whetherα-syn plays a direct role during mitochondrial function and/or whether diseasedα-syn-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction is a potential modifiable risk factor in Parkinson’s disease(PD)is unknown.To date,mutations in more than eight genes cause familial PD(fPD)and have functions in diverse pathways including synaptic homeostasis,mitochondria maintenance,autophagy/lysosome,and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways.

Where Does AlphaGo Go: From Church-Turing Thesis to AlphaGo Thesis and Beyond

An investigation on the impact and significance of the AlphaGo vs. Lee Sedol Go match is conducted, and concludes with a conjecture of the AlphaGo Thesis and its extension in accordance with the Church-Turing Thesis in the history of computing. It is postulated that the architecture and method utilized by the AlphaGo program provide an engineering solution for tackling issues in complexity and intelligence. Specifically, the AlphaGo Thesis implies that any effective procedure for hard decision problems such as NP-hard can be implemented with AlphaGo-like approach. Deep rule-based networks are proposed in attempt to establish an understandable structure for deep neural networks in deep learning. The success of AlphaGo and corresponding thesis ensure the technical soundness of the parallel intelligence approach for intelligent control and management of complex systems and knowledge automation. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist treatment in a rat model of Huntington's disease and involvement of heme oxygenase-1

Neuroinflammation is a common element involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases.We recently reported that repeated alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor（α7 n ACh R） activations by a potent agonist such as PHA 543613 in quinolinic acid-injured rats exhibited protective effects on neurons.To further investigate the underlying mechanism,we established rat models of early-stage Huntington＇s disease by injection of quinolinic acid into the right striatum and then intraperitoneally injected 12 mg/kg PHA 543613 or sterile water,twice a day during 4 days.Western blot assay results showed that the expression of heme oxygenase-1（HO-1）,the key component of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway,in the right striatum of rat models of Huntington＇s disease subjected to intraperitoneal injection of PHA 543613 for 4 days was significantly increased compared to the control rats receiving intraperitoneal injection of sterile water,and that the increase in HO-1 expression was independent of change in α7 n ACh R expression.These findings suggest that HO-1 expression is unrelated to α7 n ACh R density and the increase in HO-1 expression likely contributes to α7 n ACh R activation-related neuroprotective effect in early-stage Huntington＇s disease.

Advanced algorithms for retrieving pileup peaks of digital alpha spectroscopy using antlions and particle swarm optimizations

Optimization algorithms are applied to resolve the second-order pileup(SOP)issue from high counting rates occurring in digital alpha spectroscopy.These are antlion optimizer(ALO)and particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithms.Both optimization algorithms are coupled to one of the three proposed peak finder algorithms.Three custom time-domain algorithms are proposed for retrieving SOP peaks,namely peak seek,slope tangent,and fast array algorithms.In addition,an average combinational algorithm is applied.The time occurrence of the retrieved peaks is tested for an elimination of illusive pulses.Conventional methods are inaccurate and timeconsuming.ALO and PSO optimizations are used for the localization of retrieved peaks.Optimum cost values that achieve the best fitness values are demonstrated.Thus,the optimum positions of the detected peak heights are achieved.Evaluation metrics of the optimized algorithms and their influences on the retrieved peaks parameters are established.Comparisons among such algorithms are investigated,and the algorithms are inspected in terms of their computational time and average error.The peak seek algorithm achieves the lowest average computational error for pulse parameters(amplitude and position).However,the fast array algorithm introduces the largest average error for pulse parameters.In addition,the peak seek algorithm coupled with an ALO or PSO algorithm is observed to realize a better performance in terms of the optimum cost and computational time.By contrast,the performance of the peak seek recovery algorithm is improved using the PSO.Furthermore,the computational time of the peak optimization using the PSO is much better than that of the ALO algorithm.As a final conclusion,the accuracy of the peaks detected by the PSO surpasses that for the peaks detected by the ALO.The implemented peak retrieval algorithms are validated through a comparison with experimental results from previous studies.The proposed algorithms achieve a notable precision for compensation of the SOP peaks within the alpha ray spectroscopy at a high counting rate.

A higher prediction accuracy–based alpha–beta filter algorithm using the feedforward artificial neural network

The alpha–beta filter algorithm has been widely researched for various applications,for example,navigation and target tracking systems.To improve the dynamic performance of the alpha–beta filter algorithm,a new prediction learning model is proposed in this study.The proposed model has two main components:(1)the alpha–beta filter algorithm is the main prediction module,and(2)the learning module is a feedforward artificial neural network(FF‐ANN).Furthermore,the model uses two inputs,temperature sensor and humidity sensor data,and a prediction algorithm is used to predict actual sensor readings from noisy sensor readings.Using the novel proposed technique,prediction accuracy is significantly improved while adding the feed‐forward backpropagation neural network,and also reduces the root mean square error(RMSE)and mean absolute error(MAE).We carried out different experiments with different experimental setups.The proposed model performance was evaluated with the traditional alpha–beta filter algorithm and other algorithms such as the Kalman filter.A higher prediction accuracy was achieved,and the MAE and RMSE were 35.1%–38.2%respectively.The final proposed model results show increased performance when compared to traditional methods.

假如AlphaGo用来做情报

在刚刚结束的人机围棋巅峰对决中,谷歌人工智能围棋程序Alpha Go以4:1击败了人类选手李世石。全世界都兴奋了,似乎每一个人都想说上几句话,那几天如果开口不谈论"阿尔法狗"都不好意思。其实,只有真正理解人工智能——Artificial Intelligence(AI)的专业人士才能说出一些"所以然"来。人工智能界明白:这是深度学习(deep-learning)和大数据技术的胜利。在这样的"科技大事件"发生的时刻。

阿尔茨海默病病变相关脑区Pgc-1alpha敲除小鼠模型的构建

目的:构建在阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer′s disease,AD)病变相关脑区过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ辅激活因子-1α(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1 alpha,Pgc-1alpha)敲除小鼠。方法:引入Pgc-1alpha条件性敲除杂合子小鼠(Pgc-1alphafl/+),通过自交获得Pgc-1alpha条件性敲除纯合子小鼠(Pgc-1alphafl/fl)。将Pgc-1alphafl/fl纯合子小鼠和在AD病变脑区(皮层、海马)特异性表达Cre重组酶的Cre工具鼠(Calb1-Cre)杂交,提取子代转基因小鼠基因组DNA,行PCR鉴定,确定其基因型;采用蛋白免疫印迹技术检测转基因小鼠与野生型小鼠脑区及肾脏PGC-1α蛋白表达。结果:双重PCR鉴定结果显示,同时扩增出400 bp及444 bp条带的小鼠为AD病变脑区Pgc-1alpha敲除纯合子小鼠(Pgc-1alphafl/fl::Calb1-Cre,Pgc-1alpha-/-)。蛋白免疫印迹结果显示,与野生型小鼠相比,条件性敲除小鼠脑区PGC-1α蛋白表达明显减少(P<0.05)。结论:成功构建在AD病变相关脑区Pgc-1alpha敲除小鼠。

Altered expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 alpha after acute diffuse brain injury Effect of the competitive antagonist 1-aminoindan-1, 5-dicarboxylic acid

The diffuse brain injury model was conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats, according to Marmarou＇s free-fall attack. The water content in brain tissue, expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor la mRNA and protein were significantly increased after injury, reached a peak at 24 hours, and then gradually decreased. After treatment with the competitive antagonist of metabotropic glutamate receptor la, （RS）-l-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid, the water content of brain tissues decreased between 12-72 hours after injury, and neurological behaviors improved at 2 weeks. These experimental findings suggest that the 1-aminoindan-1, 5-dicarboxylic acid may result in marked neuroprotection against diffuse brain injury.

alpha制剂——SIMPONI ARIA(golimumab单抗)能有效治疗活性状态的银屑病关节炎

关键性3期GO-VIBRANT临床研究取得积极结果,数据显示静脉注射使用抗肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）alpha制剂——SIMPONI ARIA（golimumab单抗）有效治疗活性状态的银屑病关节炎。SIMPONI ARIA是一种注射型、完全人源化的抗TNF-α单克隆抗体,其有效靶向具有生物活性的胞外分泌可溶型和跨细胞膜形式的TNF-α。通过与TNF-α结合并阻断TNF-α介导的细胞信号,有助于控制炎症。SIMPONI ARIA已经在美国等23个国家获得批准。

Numerical study of alpha particle loss with toroidal field ripple based on CFETR steady-state scenario

Effects of plasma equilibrium parameters on the alpha particle loss with the toroidal field ripple based on the CFETR steady-state scenario have been numerically investigated by the orbit-following code GYCAVA. It is found that alpha particle losses decrease and loss regions become narrower with the plasma current increasing or with the magnetic field decreasing. It is because the ripple stochastic transport and the ripple well loss of alpha particle are reduced with the safety factor decreasing. Decrease of the plasma density and temperature can reduce alpha particle losses due to enhancement of the slowing-down effect. The direction of the toroidal magnetic field can significantly affect heat loads induced by lost alpha particle. The vertical asymmetry of heat loads induced by the clockwise and counter-clockwise toroidal magnetic fields are due to the fact that the ripple distribution is asymmetric about the mid-plane, which can be explained by the typical orbits of alpha particle. The maximal heat load of alpha particle for the clockwise toroidal magnetic field is much smaller than that for the counter-clockwise one.

Alpha7 nicotinic receptors as potential theranostic targets for experimental stroke

Inflammatory reflex and cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway:Innate immune system triggers a local inflammatory response following an injury or a pathogen invasion.Likewise,this inflammatory response is limited by rapid,localized,and adaptive anti-inflammatory responses which are crucial for maintaining homeostasis.Hence,the loss of these responses converts a limited and protective inflammatory response into an excessive and harmful response.Anti-inflammatory responses are integrated into the central nervous system,since the central nervous system accumulates information about harmful events,activates defenses,and builds memory for survival.At the same time,it has been demonstrated that hypothalamic neuronal signaling can be altered by inflammation in peripheral tissues.Additionally,immune cells release neuropeptides and neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine(ACh),the main neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system,evidencing the communication between the immune and nervous systems(Tracey,2002).

Alpha GoZero迟到的冲击

年底将届，各大棋战相继步入收官阶段，一系列冠军开始产生，正当棋界盘算着本年度的国内和国际版图划分时，一波强劲的冲击不期而至。

Hydrographic Characteristics and Oceanic Heat Flux in the Upper Arctic Ocean over the Alpha Ridge Observed by the DTOP Platform in 2018 and 2021

In 2018 and 2021,the Drift-Towing Ocean Profilers(DTOP)provided extensive temperature and salinity data on the upper 120m ocean through their drifts over the Alpha Ridge north of the Canada Basin.The thickness and temperature maximum of Alaska Coastal Water(ACW)ranged from 20m to 40m and-1.5℃to-0.8℃,respectively,and the salinity generally maintained from 30.2 to 32.5.Comparison with World Ocean Atlas 2018’s climatology manifested a 40m-thick and warm ACW roughly ex-ceeding the temperature maximum by 0.4–0.5℃in June–August 2021.This anomalously warm ACW was highly related to the ex-pansion of the Beaufort Gyre in the negative Arctic Oscillation phase.During summer,the under-ice oceanic heat flux F_(w)^(OHF)was elevated,with a maximum value of above 25Wm^(-2).F_(w)^(OHF)was typically low in the freezing season,with an average value of 1.2Wm^(-2).The estimates of upward heat flux contributed by ACW to the sea ice bottom F_(w)^(OHF)were in the range of 3–4Wm^(-2)in June–August 2021,when ACW contained a heat content of more than 80MJm^(-2).The heat loss over this period was driven by a weak stratification upon the ACW layer associated with a surface mixed layer(SML)approaching the ACW core.After autumn,F_(w)^(OHF)was reduced(<2 Wm^(-2))except during rare events when it elevated F_(w)^(OHF)slightly.In addition,the intensive and widespread Ekman suction,which created a violent upwelling north of the Canada Basin,was largely responsible for the substantial cooling and thinning of the ACW layer in the summer of 2021.

Alpha Go之“谜”(六)——基于Alpha Go教学工具的布局研究

基本图中的每一个选择,以及文中标注了胜率的变化,都是教学工具内Alpha Go推荐的下法。本期为“托退定式”特别篇。

作别Alpha Go

乌镇曲终人散，Alpha Go走了，带着辉煌的传奇战绩，带着职业围棋界颁发的九段证书，留下五十张让职业高手也瞠目结舌的自战棋谱，也留下无限遐思。

AlphaGo之父入选全球百大影响力人物

4月20日，美国《时代周刊》公布了2017年全球百大最具影响力人物。其中Alpha GO之父、谷歌Deepmind创始人Demis Hassabis榜上有名。Demis Hassabis和Deepmind团队创造了Alpha Go，并打败了世界上最好的围棋选手李世石，使人工智能攻克拥有复杂规则围棋的时间，比预期提早了10年．这是人工智能领域历史上的一座里程碑。

AlphaGo的成功让AI早熟10年

据报道，伊隆·马斯克（Elon Musk）不仅是民营航天领域的先锋和电动汽车创新者，还是未来主义者。马斯克在Alpha Go获胜后发布Twitter消息称：“这一领域的专家原本认为人工智能还要再等10年才能实现这个目标。”然而，尽管对此表示祝贺，但他还是很担心人工智能今后所产生的负面影响。

AlphaGo的中国同行

“人工智能一下子火了起来。”徐立感慨说。35岁的徐立是商汤科技（Sense Time）的CEO，也是一位计算机视觉的科学家。