Post-hepatectomy liver failure(PHLF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality following major liver resection. The development of PHLF is dependent on the volume of the remaining liver tissue and hepatocyte funct...Post-hepatectomy liver failure(PHLF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality following major liver resection. The development of PHLF is dependent on the volume of the remaining liver tissue and hepatocyte function. Without effective pre-operative assessment, patients with undiagnosed liver disease could be at increased risk of PHLF. We report a case of a 60-year-old male patient with PHLF secondary to undiagnosed alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency(AATD) following major liver resection. He initially presented with acute large bowel obstruction secondary to a colorectal adenocarcinoma, which had metastasized to the liver. There was no significant past medical history apart from mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. After colonic surgery and liver directed neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, he underwent a laparoscopic partially extended right hepatectomy and radio-frequency ablation. Post-operatively he developed PHLF. The cause of PHLF remained unknown, prompting reanalysis of the histology, which showed evidence of AATD. He subsequently developed progressive liver dysfunction, portal hypertension, and eventually an extensive parastomal bleed, which led to his death; this was ultimately due to a combination of AATD and chemotherapy. This case highlights that formal testing for AATD in all patients with a known history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heavy smoking, or strong family history could help prevent the development of PHLF in patients undergoing major liver resection.展开更多
Background： Previous studies conducted in various geographical and ethnical populations have shown that Alpha-1 -antitrypsin （Alpha-1-AT） expression affects the occurrence and progression of chronic obstructive puh...Background： Previous studies conducted in various geographical and ethnical populations have shown that Alpha-1 -antitrypsin （Alpha-1-AT） expression affects the occurrence and progression of chronic obstructive puh-nonary disease （COPD）. We aimed to explore the associations of rs9944155AG, rsl051052AG, and rs1243166AG polymorphisms in the A lpha-1-A T gene with the risk of COPD in Uygur population in the Kashgar region. Methods： From March 2013 to December 2015. a total of 225 Uygur COPD patients and 198 healthy people were recruited as cases and controls, respectively, in Kashgar region. DNA was extracted according to the protocol of the DNA genome kit, and Sequenom MassARRAY single-nucleotide polymorphism technology was used for genotype determination. Serum concentration of Alpha-1-AT was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the associations of polymorphisms with COPD. Results： The rs1243166-G allele was associated with a higher risk of COPD （odds ratio [OR] = 2.039, 95% confidence interval [CI]： 1.116-3.725, P = 0.019）. In cases, Alpha-1-AT levels were the highest among participants can-yiug rs1243166 AG genotype, followed by AA and GG genotype （χ2 = 11.89, P = 0.003）. Similarly, the rs1051052-G allele was associated with a higher risk of COPD （OR = 19.433, 95% CI： 8.783-43.00, P 〈 0.001）. The highest Alpha-1-ATlevels were observed in cases carrying rs1051052 AA genotype, followed by cases with AG and GG genotypes （χ2= 122.45, P 〈 0.001）. However, individuals with rs9944155-G allele exhibited a lower risk of COPD than those carrying the rs9944155-A allele （OR = 0.121, 95% CI： 0.070-0.209, P 〈 0.001 ）. in both cases and controls, no significant difference in Alpha-l-AT levels was observed among various rs9944115 genotypes. Conclusions： rs 1243166, rs9944155, and rs 1051052 sites of Alpha- I-A Tmay be associated with the COPD morbidity in Uygur population. While rs 1243166-G allele and rs1051052-G allele are associated with an increased risk of developing COPD, rs9944155-G allele is a protect locus in Uygur population. Alpha1-AT levels in Uygur COPD patients were lower than those in healthy people and differed among patients with different rs 1051052 AG and rs 1243166 AG genotypes.展开更多
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT; locus symbol, PI) is one of the main protease inhibitors in serum. Up to now there are at least 50 A1AT variants that have been found in human populations (Cox, D. W., priva...Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT; locus symbol, PI) is one of the main protease inhibitors in serum. Up to now there are at least 50 A1AT variants that have been found in human populations (Cox, D. W., private communication). The distribution of A1AT variants appears highly racial specificity and geographical variability. This展开更多
Objective:To analyze the application effect of Zhuang medicine aponeurotic system triple therapy in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation and its effect on the level of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein(alpha-1 AGP).Methods...Objective:To analyze the application effect of Zhuang medicine aponeurotic system triple therapy in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation and its effect on the level of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein(alpha-1 AGP).Methods:200 patients with lumbar disc herniation were selected and randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,100 cases in each group.The control group was given conventional acupuncture,and the treatment group was treated with manipulation+fire needling+cupping.The alpha-1-AGP levels before and after treatment,as well as the lumbar spine function and pain scores before and after treatment,and the adverse reactions occurred during treatment between the two groups were compared.Results:Before treatment,there was no significant difference in alpha-1 AGP levels,lumbar function,and pain scores between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment,the lumbar function scores of the two groups were significantly increased,with the treatment group having higher scores than the control group(P<0.05);the incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment group was 2.00%,which was much lower than the control group(P>0.05).Conclusion:Appropriate application of Zhuang medicine aponeurotic system triple therapy in the clinical treatment of lumbar disc herniation can promote the improvement of alpha-1 AGP index level,reduce the pain degree of patients,and improve their lumbar spine function.At the same time,Zhuang medicine also has significant advantages in terms of safety,while ensuring the efficacy and safety of the treatment.展开更多
One hundred and fifty-three consecutive cases of HCC and 25 controls from autopsy material were studied by immunohistochemical method in this paper. A review of the histopathology and demonstration of AFP, alpha- 1-an...One hundred and fifty-three consecutive cases of HCC and 25 controls from autopsy material were studied by immunohistochemical method in this paper. A review of the histopathology and demonstration of AFP, alpha- 1-antichymotrypsin (AACT), alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) and CEA were made.Among the tumor markers. AACT yielded the highest positive rate, 109 cases (71%) out of 153 HCC. CEA was the next, 95 cases (62%) .AFP and AAT gave the same result, 72 cases (47%) . AACT, AAT and CEA were not found in the controls. AFP was present in a few hepatocytes in 1 of 25 controls. The results were in keeping with serum tests so far as the highest positive rate being AACT was concerned. Therefore, combined determination of AACT and AFP would seem a better screening method than by that of AFP alone for survey of HCC.展开更多
Green tea (Camellia sinensis)-associated hepatotoxicity is reported. However, the presence of alpha-1 antitrypsin MZ phenotype as a predisposing factor to green tea-associated drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is unkno...Green tea (Camellia sinensis)-associated hepatotoxicity is reported. However, the presence of alpha-1 antitrypsin MZ phenotype as a predisposing factor to green tea-associated drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is unknown. A previously healthy woman with alpha-1 antitrypsin MZ phenotype who took SlimQuick?, an herbal supplement containing green tea extract, developed severe hepatotoxicity requiring corticosteroid treatment. Green tea-associated hepatotoxicity is reviewed and alpha-1 antitrypsin MZ phenotype as a predisposing factor to green tea-associated DILI is discussed. Liver biopsy demonstrated marked inflammation with necrosis suggestive of toxic injury with diffuse alpha-1 antitrypsin globule deposition on immunostaining. Corticosteroid therapy resulted in rapid clinical improvement. Alpha-1 antitrypsin MZ phenotype may increase vulnerability to herbal hepatotoxicity.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the association between alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency(A1ATD) and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in patients with end-stage liver disease(ESLD).METHODS:Patients with cirrhosis and ESLD referred to the C...AIM:To evaluate the association between alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency(A1ATD) and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in patients with end-stage liver disease(ESLD).METHODS:Patients with cirrhosis and ESLD referred to the Cleveland Clinic Foundation for liver transplantation between 2003 and 2014 were included in the study(N = 675). ESLD was defined as having histological features of cirrhosis and/or radiological evidence of cirrhosis in the context of portal hypertension(ascites,variceal bleeding,thrombocytopenia,or hepatic encephalopathy). A1 ATD was diagnosed using phenotype characterization(MZ or ZZ),liver biopsy detection of PAS-positive diastaseresistant(PAS+) globules,or both. Patients with other causes of liver diseases such as hepatitis C virus(HCV),alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) or NASH were also included in the study. HCC was diagnosed by using imaging modalities,biopsy findings,or explanted liver inspection. Follow-up time was defined as the number of years from the diagnosis of cirrhosis to the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma,or from the diagnosis of cirrhosis to the last follow up visit. The rate of HCC was assessed using time-tointerval analysis for interval censored data.RESULTS:This study included 675 patients. 7% of subjects had A1ATD(n = 47). Out of all subjects who did not have A1 ATD,46% had HCV,17% had alcoholic liver disease,19% had NASH and 18% had another primary diagnosis. Of the 47 subjects with A1 ATD,15 had a primary diagnosis of A1ATD(PI*ZZ phenotype and PAS+ globules),8 had a PI*MZ phenotype alone,14 had PAS+ alone,and 10 had both the PI*MZ phenotype and PAS+. Median follow-up time was 3.4(25th,75 th percentiles:1,5.2) years. The overall rate of hepatocellular carcinoma in all subjects was 29%(n = 199). In the A1 ATD group,the incidence rate of HCC was 8.5% compared to 31% in the group of patients with other causes of cirrhosis(P = 0.001). Patients with ESLD due to A1 ATD had the lowest yearly cumulative rate of hepatocellular carcinoma at 0.88% per year compared to 2.7% for those with HCV cirrhosis,1.5% in patients with NASH and 0.9% in alcohol-induced liver disease(P < 0.001).CONCLUSION:Within this group of patients with ESLD,there was no significant association between A1 ATD and increased risk of HCC.展开更多
The study was aimed at the evaluation of the effects of breed, age, different digestion stimulators, and dietary crude protein (CP) level on the activities of proteolytic enzymes in pancreatic tissue and duodenal chym...The study was aimed at the evaluation of the effects of breed, age, different digestion stimulators, and dietary crude protein (CP) level on the activities of proteolytic enzymes in pancreatic tissue and duodenal chymus (in vivo), serum trypsin and α1-proteinase inhibitor (A1PI) concentrations in meat-type chicks. The study of age dynamics of trypsin and A1PI concentrations was performed on the chicks of hybrid cross “Smena-8”and two parental lines (Plymouth Rock and Cornish) fed standard commercial corn-wheat-SBM diets. Twenty birds per breed were euthanized at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days of age to obtain blood samples and pancreatic homogenate. Experiments on the effects of different digestion promotors (probiotic, acidifier, phytobiotic, enzymatic preparation) and different CP levels (finisher diet, CP 20%, vs. ground corn, CP 8.5%) were performed on 12 hybrid chicks with fistulated duodenum from 14 to 50 days of age. The following conclusions were made: 1) At 1 day of age high proteolytic activity in pancreatic tissue and maximal serum concentrations of trypsin and A1PI were found in both hybrid and parental lines. Since 7 to 35 days of age A1PI concentration was nearly constant, serum trypsin concentration decreased while proteolytic activity in pancreatic tissue exhibited undulate increase;2) Proteolytic activity in pancreatic tissue was higher in hybrids compared to the parental lines from 7 to 35 days of age (p 0.05);3) Supplementation of diet with exogenous enzymes stimulated the digestion due to the increase in protease activity in duodenal chymus by 9.1% compared to unsupplemented control (p 0.05);4) Proteolytic activity in duodenal chymus significantly responded to the substitution of ground corn for the complete diet by 2-fold decrease while serum trypsin concentration responded by 2.5-fold increase (p 0.001). This fact can indicate that physiological functions of digestive proteases are not confined to the digestive processes.展开更多
Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by reduced serum levels of alpha1-antitrypsin(AAT)due to mutations in the SERPINA1 gene causing early onset pulmonary emphysema and,occasio...Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by reduced serum levels of alpha1-antitrypsin(AAT)due to mutations in the SERPINA1 gene causing early onset pulmonary emphysema and,occasionally,chronic liver disease.We report an incidental finding of a novel null AAT allele,Q0Milano,consisting of a 17 nucleotides deletion in exon 3 of SERPINA1 gene,in an Italian child with persistently increased liver enzymes,a mild decrease in circulating AAT levels and without any pulmonary disease.Q0Milano variant results in an unfunctional protein lacking of AAT active site,as the resultant protein is truncated near PiS locus involved in AAT protein stability.展开更多
AIM To systematically review literature for management of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency(AATD) panniculitis. METHODS Multiple databases were searched using combinations of pertinent terms. Articles were selected descr...AIM To systematically review literature for management of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency(AATD) panniculitis. METHODS Multiple databases were searched using combinations of pertinent terms. Articles were selected describing panniculitis treatment in patients with AAT < 11 μmol and/or PiZZ genotype, with no language limitation. All relevant articles were accessed in full text. Independent review of abstracts and full manuscripts was conducted by 2 reviewers, and quality assessment by one reviewer(checked by a second). Data extraction was conducted byone reviewer(checked by a second). Narrative synthesis only was conducted, as data were unsuitable for metaanalysis.RESULTS Thirty-two case reports and 4 case series were found. Augmentation therapy(infusions of plasma-derived AAT) was the most successful, with complete resolution of symptoms in all patients. Dapsone is a less expensive option, and it achieved clinical resolution in 62% of patients, but it is very poorly tolerated. Among other single-agent antibiotics, doxycycline was the most successful with complete clinical resolution seen in 33% of patients. Immunosuppressants were largely unsuccessful; 80% of patients exhibited no response. Liver transplantation and therapeutic plasma exchange displayed complete resolution in 66% of patients. Other strategies, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or antibiotics other than dapsone did not show sufficient response rates to recommend their use. Authors note the risk of bias imposed by the type of evidence(case reports, case series) available in this field.CONCLUSION Dapsone is the recommended first line therapy for AATD panniculitis, followed by augmentation therapy. Plasma exchange may be an alternative in the setting of rapidly progressive disease.展开更多
GFAP is a specific antigen of glial element, but Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin has not been reported in the literature. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin was guided by GFAP using PAP method to the astrocytes of 137 gliomas. 120 (87...GFAP is a specific antigen of glial element, but Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin has not been reported in the literature. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin was guided by GFAP using PAP method to the astrocytes of 137 gliomas. 120 (87%) gliomas were positive for Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. Of these 120 gliomas, 86 (72%) gave diffuse distribution, 17 (14%) gave focal distribution, and 17 (14%) gave scattered distributions. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin in glioma tissue may be an important tumor marker for diagnosis.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect ofα1-antitrypsin combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on retinopathy in diabetic rats and its mechanism.Methods:A model of diabetic retinopathy was established by intra...Objective:To investigate the effect ofα1-antitrypsin combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on retinopathy in diabetic rats and its mechanism.Methods:A model of diabetic retinopathy was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.The 30 Wistar rats successfully modeled were randomly divided into a model group,a bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell group and a combined group(α1-antitrypsin combined with bone marrow Mesenchymal stem cells),the blood glucose and serum insulin levels of diabetic rats were measured 4 weeks after treatment.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)for measuring serum inflammatory factors IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in rats.Observing the pathological morphology of rat retina under hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE).TUNEL staining to observe the apoptosis of rat retinal nerve cells.Immunohistochemical method to detect the expression level of CD45 in retinal tissue.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of retinal vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),hypoxiainducible factor-1α(HIF-1α),and angiotensinⅡ(ANGⅡ)mRNA.Western blot was used to detect the expression of p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins in the retinal tissue of each group of rats.Results:Compared with the control group,the rats in the model group had increased blood glucose,decreased insulin levels,increased serum IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α levels,and had obvious lesions in the retina.CD45 showed high expression in retinal tissue,VEGF,HIF-1α,ANGⅡ mRNA expression increased,p-p38,p-p65,p-IκBα protein expression increased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell group and the combined group have decreased blood glucose,increased insulin levels,and decreased serum IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α levels.Retinopathy is improved,apoptosis of retinal nerve cells is reduced,CD45 expression in retinal tissue is reduced,VEGF,HIF-1α,ANGⅡ mRNA expression is decreased,and p-p38,p-p65,p-IκBα protein expression is decreased.Compared with the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell group,the effect of the combined group was more obvious(P<0.05).Conclusion:α1-antitrypsin combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can improve the degree of retinopathy in diabetic rats.The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.展开更多
文摘Post-hepatectomy liver failure(PHLF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality following major liver resection. The development of PHLF is dependent on the volume of the remaining liver tissue and hepatocyte function. Without effective pre-operative assessment, patients with undiagnosed liver disease could be at increased risk of PHLF. We report a case of a 60-year-old male patient with PHLF secondary to undiagnosed alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency(AATD) following major liver resection. He initially presented with acute large bowel obstruction secondary to a colorectal adenocarcinoma, which had metastasized to the liver. There was no significant past medical history apart from mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. After colonic surgery and liver directed neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, he underwent a laparoscopic partially extended right hepatectomy and radio-frequency ablation. Post-operatively he developed PHLF. The cause of PHLF remained unknown, prompting reanalysis of the histology, which showed evidence of AATD. He subsequently developed progressive liver dysfunction, portal hypertension, and eventually an extensive parastomal bleed, which led to his death; this was ultimately due to a combination of AATD and chemotherapy. This case highlights that formal testing for AATD in all patients with a known history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heavy smoking, or strong family history could help prevent the development of PHLF in patients undergoing major liver resection.
文摘Background： Previous studies conducted in various geographical and ethnical populations have shown that Alpha-1 -antitrypsin （Alpha-1-AT） expression affects the occurrence and progression of chronic obstructive puh-nonary disease （COPD）. We aimed to explore the associations of rs9944155AG, rsl051052AG, and rs1243166AG polymorphisms in the A lpha-1-A T gene with the risk of COPD in Uygur population in the Kashgar region. Methods： From March 2013 to December 2015. a total of 225 Uygur COPD patients and 198 healthy people were recruited as cases and controls, respectively, in Kashgar region. DNA was extracted according to the protocol of the DNA genome kit, and Sequenom MassARRAY single-nucleotide polymorphism technology was used for genotype determination. Serum concentration of Alpha-1-AT was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the associations of polymorphisms with COPD. Results： The rs1243166-G allele was associated with a higher risk of COPD （odds ratio [OR] = 2.039, 95% confidence interval [CI]： 1.116-3.725, P = 0.019）. In cases, Alpha-1-AT levels were the highest among participants can-yiug rs1243166 AG genotype, followed by AA and GG genotype （χ2 = 11.89, P = 0.003）. Similarly, the rs1051052-G allele was associated with a higher risk of COPD （OR = 19.433, 95% CI： 8.783-43.00, P 〈 0.001）. The highest Alpha-1-ATlevels were observed in cases carrying rs1051052 AA genotype, followed by cases with AG and GG genotypes （χ2= 122.45, P 〈 0.001）. However, individuals with rs9944155-G allele exhibited a lower risk of COPD than those carrying the rs9944155-A allele （OR = 0.121, 95% CI： 0.070-0.209, P 〈 0.001 ）. in both cases and controls, no significant difference in Alpha-l-AT levels was observed among various rs9944115 genotypes. Conclusions： rs 1243166, rs9944155, and rs 1051052 sites of Alpha- I-A Tmay be associated with the COPD morbidity in Uygur population. While rs 1243166-G allele and rs1051052-G allele are associated with an increased risk of developing COPD, rs9944155-G allele is a protect locus in Uygur population. Alpha1-AT levels in Uygur COPD patients were lower than those in healthy people and differed among patients with different rs 1051052 AG and rs 1243166 AG genotypes.
基金Project supported by the Science Fund of Academia Sinica
文摘Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT; locus symbol, PI) is one of the main protease inhibitors in serum. Up to now there are at least 50 A1AT variants that have been found in human populations (Cox, D. W., private communication). The distribution of A1AT variants appears highly racial specificity and geographical variability. This
基金General Project of First-Class Discipline Construction Project of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Project number:GJKY2019XK043)National Key R&D Program:Excavation and Collation of Ethnic Medicine and Research on Academic Inheritance(Project number:2017YFC1703903)+7 种基金Guangxi Key R&D Program Project:Research and Demonstration of Key Technologies of Zhuang Medicine Health Care and Pension(Project number:GKAB17195017)Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Discipline Construction Project:Zhuang Medicine Meridian Tuina(Project number:GZXK-Z-20-61)Guangxi key research and development plan project:Research and application of key technologies for prevention and treatment of lumbago and leg pain in Zhuang medicine(Project number:GKAB21196035).Gui School TCM Master Training Project(Wei Yingcai)(Project Number:GZKJF No.6)Self-Funded Scientific Research Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Project number:GZZC2020076)Key Laboratory of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,DNA barcode identification of Zhuang medicine Dripping Avalokitesvara(Project number:GXZYKF2020-10)Guangxi Education Department Guangxi College Young and Middle-Aged Teachers Basic Ability Improvement Project(Project number:2023KY0301)Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangxi School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation Team-Traditional Chinese Medicine Master Huang Jinming Academic Thought and Clinical Treatment Inheritance and Development Research Center(Project number:04B22058V2)。
文摘Objective:To analyze the application effect of Zhuang medicine aponeurotic system triple therapy in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation and its effect on the level of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein(alpha-1 AGP).Methods:200 patients with lumbar disc herniation were selected and randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,100 cases in each group.The control group was given conventional acupuncture,and the treatment group was treated with manipulation+fire needling+cupping.The alpha-1-AGP levels before and after treatment,as well as the lumbar spine function and pain scores before and after treatment,and the adverse reactions occurred during treatment between the two groups were compared.Results:Before treatment,there was no significant difference in alpha-1 AGP levels,lumbar function,and pain scores between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment,the lumbar function scores of the two groups were significantly increased,with the treatment group having higher scores than the control group(P<0.05);the incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment group was 2.00%,which was much lower than the control group(P>0.05).Conclusion:Appropriate application of Zhuang medicine aponeurotic system triple therapy in the clinical treatment of lumbar disc herniation can promote the improvement of alpha-1 AGP index level,reduce the pain degree of patients,and improve their lumbar spine function.At the same time,Zhuang medicine also has significant advantages in terms of safety,while ensuring the efficacy and safety of the treatment.
文摘One hundred and fifty-three consecutive cases of HCC and 25 controls from autopsy material were studied by immunohistochemical method in this paper. A review of the histopathology and demonstration of AFP, alpha- 1-antichymotrypsin (AACT), alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) and CEA were made.Among the tumor markers. AACT yielded the highest positive rate, 109 cases (71%) out of 153 HCC. CEA was the next, 95 cases (62%) .AFP and AAT gave the same result, 72 cases (47%) . AACT, AAT and CEA were not found in the controls. AFP was present in a few hepatocytes in 1 of 25 controls. The results were in keeping with serum tests so far as the highest positive rate being AACT was concerned. Therefore, combined determination of AACT and AFP would seem a better screening method than by that of AFP alone for survey of HCC.
基金Supported by in part by Grant Number 1 K23 DK089008-01 from the National Institutes of Health(NIH)National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases to Ayse L Mindikoglu,MD,MPH and its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the off icial views of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases or the NIH
文摘Green tea (Camellia sinensis)-associated hepatotoxicity is reported. However, the presence of alpha-1 antitrypsin MZ phenotype as a predisposing factor to green tea-associated drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is unknown. A previously healthy woman with alpha-1 antitrypsin MZ phenotype who took SlimQuick?, an herbal supplement containing green tea extract, developed severe hepatotoxicity requiring corticosteroid treatment. Green tea-associated hepatotoxicity is reviewed and alpha-1 antitrypsin MZ phenotype as a predisposing factor to green tea-associated DILI is discussed. Liver biopsy demonstrated marked inflammation with necrosis suggestive of toxic injury with diffuse alpha-1 antitrypsin globule deposition on immunostaining. Corticosteroid therapy resulted in rapid clinical improvement. Alpha-1 antitrypsin MZ phenotype may increase vulnerability to herbal hepatotoxicity.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the association between alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency(A1ATD) and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in patients with end-stage liver disease(ESLD).METHODS:Patients with cirrhosis and ESLD referred to the Cleveland Clinic Foundation for liver transplantation between 2003 and 2014 were included in the study(N = 675). ESLD was defined as having histological features of cirrhosis and/or radiological evidence of cirrhosis in the context of portal hypertension(ascites,variceal bleeding,thrombocytopenia,or hepatic encephalopathy). A1 ATD was diagnosed using phenotype characterization(MZ or ZZ),liver biopsy detection of PAS-positive diastaseresistant(PAS+) globules,or both. Patients with other causes of liver diseases such as hepatitis C virus(HCV),alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) or NASH were also included in the study. HCC was diagnosed by using imaging modalities,biopsy findings,or explanted liver inspection. Follow-up time was defined as the number of years from the diagnosis of cirrhosis to the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma,or from the diagnosis of cirrhosis to the last follow up visit. The rate of HCC was assessed using time-tointerval analysis for interval censored data.RESULTS:This study included 675 patients. 7% of subjects had A1ATD(n = 47). Out of all subjects who did not have A1 ATD,46% had HCV,17% had alcoholic liver disease,19% had NASH and 18% had another primary diagnosis. Of the 47 subjects with A1 ATD,15 had a primary diagnosis of A1ATD(PI*ZZ phenotype and PAS+ globules),8 had a PI*MZ phenotype alone,14 had PAS+ alone,and 10 had both the PI*MZ phenotype and PAS+. Median follow-up time was 3.4(25th,75 th percentiles:1,5.2) years. The overall rate of hepatocellular carcinoma in all subjects was 29%(n = 199). In the A1 ATD group,the incidence rate of HCC was 8.5% compared to 31% in the group of patients with other causes of cirrhosis(P = 0.001). Patients with ESLD due to A1 ATD had the lowest yearly cumulative rate of hepatocellular carcinoma at 0.88% per year compared to 2.7% for those with HCV cirrhosis,1.5% in patients with NASH and 0.9% in alcohol-induced liver disease(P < 0.001).CONCLUSION:Within this group of patients with ESLD,there was no significant association between A1 ATD and increased risk of HCC.
文摘The study was aimed at the evaluation of the effects of breed, age, different digestion stimulators, and dietary crude protein (CP) level on the activities of proteolytic enzymes in pancreatic tissue and duodenal chymus (in vivo), serum trypsin and α1-proteinase inhibitor (A1PI) concentrations in meat-type chicks. The study of age dynamics of trypsin and A1PI concentrations was performed on the chicks of hybrid cross “Smena-8”and two parental lines (Plymouth Rock and Cornish) fed standard commercial corn-wheat-SBM diets. Twenty birds per breed were euthanized at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days of age to obtain blood samples and pancreatic homogenate. Experiments on the effects of different digestion promotors (probiotic, acidifier, phytobiotic, enzymatic preparation) and different CP levels (finisher diet, CP 20%, vs. ground corn, CP 8.5%) were performed on 12 hybrid chicks with fistulated duodenum from 14 to 50 days of age. The following conclusions were made: 1) At 1 day of age high proteolytic activity in pancreatic tissue and maximal serum concentrations of trypsin and A1PI were found in both hybrid and parental lines. Since 7 to 35 days of age A1PI concentration was nearly constant, serum trypsin concentration decreased while proteolytic activity in pancreatic tissue exhibited undulate increase;2) Proteolytic activity in pancreatic tissue was higher in hybrids compared to the parental lines from 7 to 35 days of age (p 0.05);3) Supplementation of diet with exogenous enzymes stimulated the digestion due to the increase in protease activity in duodenal chymus by 9.1% compared to unsupplemented control (p 0.05);4) Proteolytic activity in duodenal chymus significantly responded to the substitution of ground corn for the complete diet by 2-fold decrease while serum trypsin concentration responded by 2.5-fold increase (p 0.001). This fact can indicate that physiological functions of digestive proteases are not confined to the digestive processes.
基金Supported by The Borsa M.Coppo AISF,Italian Association for the Study of the Liver to Rametta R
文摘Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by reduced serum levels of alpha1-antitrypsin(AAT)due to mutations in the SERPINA1 gene causing early onset pulmonary emphysema and,occasionally,chronic liver disease.We report an incidental finding of a novel null AAT allele,Q0Milano,consisting of a 17 nucleotides deletion in exon 3 of SERPINA1 gene,in an Italian child with persistently increased liver enzymes,a mild decrease in circulating AAT levels and without any pulmonary disease.Q0Milano variant results in an unfunctional protein lacking of AAT active site,as the resultant protein is truncated near PiS locus involved in AAT protein stability.
文摘AIM To systematically review literature for management of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency(AATD) panniculitis. METHODS Multiple databases were searched using combinations of pertinent terms. Articles were selected describing panniculitis treatment in patients with AAT < 11 μmol and/or PiZZ genotype, with no language limitation. All relevant articles were accessed in full text. Independent review of abstracts and full manuscripts was conducted by 2 reviewers, and quality assessment by one reviewer(checked by a second). Data extraction was conducted byone reviewer(checked by a second). Narrative synthesis only was conducted, as data were unsuitable for metaanalysis.RESULTS Thirty-two case reports and 4 case series were found. Augmentation therapy(infusions of plasma-derived AAT) was the most successful, with complete resolution of symptoms in all patients. Dapsone is a less expensive option, and it achieved clinical resolution in 62% of patients, but it is very poorly tolerated. Among other single-agent antibiotics, doxycycline was the most successful with complete clinical resolution seen in 33% of patients. Immunosuppressants were largely unsuccessful; 80% of patients exhibited no response. Liver transplantation and therapeutic plasma exchange displayed complete resolution in 66% of patients. Other strategies, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or antibiotics other than dapsone did not show sufficient response rates to recommend their use. Authors note the risk of bias imposed by the type of evidence(case reports, case series) available in this field.CONCLUSION Dapsone is the recommended first line therapy for AATD panniculitis, followed by augmentation therapy. Plasma exchange may be an alternative in the setting of rapidly progressive disease.
文摘GFAP is a specific antigen of glial element, but Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin has not been reported in the literature. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin was guided by GFAP using PAP method to the astrocytes of 137 gliomas. 120 (87%) gliomas were positive for Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. Of these 120 gliomas, 86 (72%) gave diffuse distribution, 17 (14%) gave focal distribution, and 17 (14%) gave scattered distributions. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin in glioma tissue may be an important tumor marker for diagnosis.
基金Key Rearch and Development projects in Shaanxi Province(2019SF-084).
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect ofα1-antitrypsin combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on retinopathy in diabetic rats and its mechanism.Methods:A model of diabetic retinopathy was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.The 30 Wistar rats successfully modeled were randomly divided into a model group,a bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell group and a combined group(α1-antitrypsin combined with bone marrow Mesenchymal stem cells),the blood glucose and serum insulin levels of diabetic rats were measured 4 weeks after treatment.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)for measuring serum inflammatory factors IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in rats.Observing the pathological morphology of rat retina under hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE).TUNEL staining to observe the apoptosis of rat retinal nerve cells.Immunohistochemical method to detect the expression level of CD45 in retinal tissue.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of retinal vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),hypoxiainducible factor-1α(HIF-1α),and angiotensinⅡ(ANGⅡ)mRNA.Western blot was used to detect the expression of p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins in the retinal tissue of each group of rats.Results:Compared with the control group,the rats in the model group had increased blood glucose,decreased insulin levels,increased serum IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α levels,and had obvious lesions in the retina.CD45 showed high expression in retinal tissue,VEGF,HIF-1α,ANGⅡ mRNA expression increased,p-p38,p-p65,p-IκBα protein expression increased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell group and the combined group have decreased blood glucose,increased insulin levels,and decreased serum IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α levels.Retinopathy is improved,apoptosis of retinal nerve cells is reduced,CD45 expression in retinal tissue is reduced,VEGF,HIF-1α,ANGⅡ mRNA expression is decreased,and p-p38,p-p65,p-IκBα protein expression is decreased.Compared with the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell group,the effect of the combined group was more obvious(P<0.05).Conclusion:α1-antitrypsin combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can improve the degree of retinopathy in diabetic rats.The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
