A rabbit model of traumatic optic nerve injury, established by occlusion of the optic nerve using a vascular clamp, was used to investigate the effects of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid recep...A rabbit model of traumatic optic nerve injury, established by occlusion of the optic nerve using a vascular clamp, was used to investigate the effects of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor antagonist GYKI 52466 on apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells following nerve injury. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay showed that retinal ganglion cells gradually decreased with increasing time of optic nerve injury, while GYKI 52466 could inhibit this process. The results demonstrate that following acute optic nerve injury, apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells is a programmed process, which can be inhibited by the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor antagonist.展开更多
An efficient stereoselective synthesis of the rigid aza-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane scaffold has been developed to provide 2-cyano-pyrrolidine alpha-amino amide 1 as DPP-4 inhibitor.
Ten solid complexes of zinc nitrate w ith L-α-leucine(Leu),L-α-valine(Val),L-α-tryptophan(Try)and L-α-threonine(Thr )were prepared in water.The compositions of these complexes are determin ed by chemical analysis ...Ten solid complexes of zinc nitrate w ith L-α-leucine(Leu),L-α-valine(Val),L-α-tryptophan(Try)and L-α-threonine(Thr )were prepared in water.The compositions of these complexes are determin ed by chemical analysis and elemental analysis,which are identified as Zn(Leu)(NO 3 ) 2 ·2H 2 O(A),Zn(Leu) 2 (NO 3 ) 2 ·H 2 O(B),Zn(Val)(NO 3 ) 2 ·2H 2 O(C),Zn(Val) 2 (NO 3 ) 2 ·H 2 O(D),Zn(Val) 3 (NO 3 ) 2 ·H 2 O(E),Zn(Try)(NO 3 ) 2 ·2H 2 O(F),Zn(Try) 2 (NO 3 ) 2 ·H 2 O(G),Zn(Thr )(NO 3 ) 2 ·2H 2 O(H),Zn(Thr ) 2 (NO 3 ) 2 ·H 2 O(I)and Zn(Thr ) 3 (NO 3 )·H 2 O(J).The constant-volume combustion en ergies of the complexes,Δ c U(complex),were determined by a precise rotating bomb calorimeter a t 298.15K.Standard enthalpies of combustion,Δ c H m (complex,s,298.15K),and standard enthalpies of formatio n,Δ f H m (complex,s,298.15K)for these complexes were calculated as(4523.22±2.08),(7208.86±4.28),(3442.21±1.85),(5971.21±3.32),(9007.26±4.24),(5802.35±2.14),(10891.58±3.01),(2147.40±1.28),(4120.83±0.99),(6444.68±3.85)kJ·mol -1 and(615.67±2.27),(1863.16±4.60),(1017.34±2.00),(1742.93±3.61),(2245.70±4.73),(1161.18±2.61),(1829.71±4.20),(1632.82±1.43),(1885.55±1.50),(2770.25±4.21)kJ·mol -1 ,respectively.展开更多
The optical alpha-amino acids were synthesized under room temperature by alkylation of N-(diphenyl methylene) glycine t-butyl ester under polymer-supported phase transfer conditions using polymer-supported cinchonine ...The optical alpha-amino acids were synthesized under room temperature by alkylation of N-(diphenyl methylene) glycine t-butyl ester under polymer-supported phase transfer conditions using polymer-supported cinchonine (or quinine) alkaloids as chiral phase transfer catalysts and dichloromethane as solvent, followed by hydrolysis of the above intermediates introduced to the final products-optical alpha-amino acids. This is a new method for the asymmetric synthesis of alpha-amino acids. The influences of catalyst, temperature, substrates, and organic solvents on the chemical yield and optical purities of products were studied.展开更多
基金The Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China, No. 200821137the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81160153
文摘A rabbit model of traumatic optic nerve injury, established by occlusion of the optic nerve using a vascular clamp, was used to investigate the effects of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor antagonist GYKI 52466 on apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells following nerve injury. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay showed that retinal ganglion cells gradually decreased with increasing time of optic nerve injury, while GYKI 52466 could inhibit this process. The results demonstrate that following acute optic nerve injury, apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells is a programmed process, which can be inhibited by the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor antagonist.
文摘An efficient stereoselective synthesis of the rigid aza-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane scaffold has been developed to provide 2-cyano-pyrrolidine alpha-amino amide 1 as DPP-4 inhibitor.
文摘Ten solid complexes of zinc nitrate w ith L-α-leucine(Leu),L-α-valine(Val),L-α-tryptophan(Try)and L-α-threonine(Thr )were prepared in water.The compositions of these complexes are determin ed by chemical analysis and elemental analysis,which are identified as Zn(Leu)(NO 3 ) 2 ·2H 2 O(A),Zn(Leu) 2 (NO 3 ) 2 ·H 2 O(B),Zn(Val)(NO 3 ) 2 ·2H 2 O(C),Zn(Val) 2 (NO 3 ) 2 ·H 2 O(D),Zn(Val) 3 (NO 3 ) 2 ·H 2 O(E),Zn(Try)(NO 3 ) 2 ·2H 2 O(F),Zn(Try) 2 (NO 3 ) 2 ·H 2 O(G),Zn(Thr )(NO 3 ) 2 ·2H 2 O(H),Zn(Thr ) 2 (NO 3 ) 2 ·H 2 O(I)and Zn(Thr ) 3 (NO 3 )·H 2 O(J).The constant-volume combustion en ergies of the complexes,Δ c U(complex),were determined by a precise rotating bomb calorimeter a t 298.15K.Standard enthalpies of combustion,Δ c H m (complex,s,298.15K),and standard enthalpies of formatio n,Δ f H m (complex,s,298.15K)for these complexes were calculated as(4523.22±2.08),(7208.86±4.28),(3442.21±1.85),(5971.21±3.32),(9007.26±4.24),(5802.35±2.14),(10891.58±3.01),(2147.40±1.28),(4120.83±0.99),(6444.68±3.85)kJ·mol -1 and(615.67±2.27),(1863.16±4.60),(1017.34±2.00),(1742.93±3.61),(2245.70±4.73),(1161.18±2.61),(1829.71±4.20),(1632.82±1.43),(1885.55±1.50),(2770.25±4.21)kJ·mol -1 ,respectively.
基金Project supported by State Education Committee Initial Research Crams for Return Scholar and supported by NSFC No 29774012.
文摘The optical alpha-amino acids were synthesized under room temperature by alkylation of N-(diphenyl methylene) glycine t-butyl ester under polymer-supported phase transfer conditions using polymer-supported cinchonine (or quinine) alkaloids as chiral phase transfer catalysts and dichloromethane as solvent, followed by hydrolysis of the above intermediates introduced to the final products-optical alpha-amino acids. This is a new method for the asymmetric synthesis of alpha-amino acids. The influences of catalyst, temperature, substrates, and organic solvents on the chemical yield and optical purities of products were studied.
