This paper studies the mechanism of grassland ecosystem's soil and water conservation function on the basis of two years experiment and inspection in Jianou mountain grassland ecosystem experiment station, Fujian ...This paper studies the mechanism of grassland ecosystem's soil and water conservation function on the basis of two years experiment and inspection in Jianou mountain grassland ecosystem experiment station, Fujian province. After anaIysis on the data of soil erosion and runoff coefficient, relations between eroded soil, runoff and slope gradient. we establish soil and water conservation benefit models. According to the mode1s, experiment and inspection results, some proposals have been made to decrease the area of soil erosion in Fujian mountainous areas, e. g., optimizing land use structure in mountainous areas, taking suitable measures for local condition, closing hills for grassland development, accelerating restoration and raising quality of mountain grassland ecosystem, strengthening scientific and technological input, breeding the grass species that are suitable to local physical geographic condition.展开更多
Ecosystem services are transferred from the service-providing area to the service-benefiting area to satisfy human needs through some substance, energy or information. Most studies focus on the provision of ecosystem ...Ecosystem services are transferred from the service-providing area to the service-benefiting area to satisfy human needs through some substance, energy or information. Most studies focus on the provision of ecosystem services and few focus on the demands on ecosystem services and their spatial distribution. Here, on the basis of the flow of water conservation services from the providing area to the benefiting area, the benefits produced by water conservation service are investigated and the benefiting areas are identified. The results indicate that in 2010 the water conservation service of key ecological function areas provided irrigation water for 1.67×105 km2 of paddy fields and 1.01×105 km2 irrigated fields, domestic water to urban residents and industrial water to factories, mines and enterprises of 2.64×104 km2 urban construction land and domestic water to rural residents across 3.73×104 km2 of rural settlements and formed 6.64×104 km2 of inland water which can be used for freshwater aquaculture, downstream regions comprise 1.31×104 km of navigable river, which can be used for inland shipping. The benefit areas of the key function areas located in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River are greater and more influential benefit areas. To protect these key function areas, more attention should be paid to the maintenance and improvement of water conservation. Some benefit areas have access to the benefits produced by water conservation of nine key ecological function areas and cover 17% of the overall benefit area and the length of their channels benefited accounts for 7%. Multiple key ecological function areas should be taken into account equally in the formulation of ecological compensation policies. These research findings can serve as a scientific basis for the compensated use of and ecological compensation for ecosystem services provided by key ecological function areas.展开更多
藏北地区平均海拔4500 m以上,被称为“世界屋脊上的屋脊”,同时也是青藏高原生态安全屏障的主体,但在全球气候变化和人类活动的双重影响下,藏北高寒草地生态系统变化明显,部分区域出现退化趋势。2009年我国开始实施了《西藏生态安全屏...藏北地区平均海拔4500 m以上,被称为“世界屋脊上的屋脊”,同时也是青藏高原生态安全屏障的主体,但在全球气候变化和人类活动的双重影响下,藏北高寒草地生态系统变化明显,部分区域出现退化趋势。2009年我国开始实施了《西藏生态安全屏障保护与建设工程》(以下简称工程),旨在恢复和保育高原的生态系统及其服务功能。而水源涵养是藏北高寒草地生态系统最为重要的服务功能之一,工程实施以来,藏北草地的水源涵养功能如何变化、生态工程的效益如何?本文基于InVEST模型评估了2000–2020年生态工程前后藏北草地水源涵养功能的变化,量化了气候变化和人类活动在其中的贡献率。结果表明:(1)藏北各类型草地的水源涵养能力虽然差异较大,但工程实施后水源涵养的功能均出现了明显的变化,产水量比工程实施前增加10.07%,水源涵养服务上升8.86%。其中高寒草甸区的水源涵养变化速率增长最大,由工程前的–1.84 mm yr^(–1)转变为工程后的2.24 mm yr^(–1);其次是高寒荒漠草原和高寒草原,在工程的影响下水源涵养功能下降的速率明显减缓。(2)气候变化仍是藏北草地水源涵养功能的主要影响因素,但生态工程对藏北各类高寒草地水源涵养功能变化的作用明显,在高寒草甸、高寒草原、高寒荒漠草原区分别达到了13.99%、8.75%、3.71%,有效地促进了藏北草地的水源涵养功能的改善。展开更多
基金The project is supported by Henan Province Natural Science Foundation (004070900)HenanProvince Scientific an
文摘This paper studies the mechanism of grassland ecosystem's soil and water conservation function on the basis of two years experiment and inspection in Jianou mountain grassland ecosystem experiment station, Fujian province. After anaIysis on the data of soil erosion and runoff coefficient, relations between eroded soil, runoff and slope gradient. we establish soil and water conservation benefit models. According to the mode1s, experiment and inspection results, some proposals have been made to decrease the area of soil erosion in Fujian mountainous areas, e. g., optimizing land use structure in mountainous areas, taking suitable measures for local condition, closing hills for grassland development, accelerating restoration and raising quality of mountain grassland ecosystem, strengthening scientific and technological input, breeding the grass species that are suitable to local physical geographic condition.
基金the National Science and Technology Support Program(2013BAC03B05)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31400411)
文摘Ecosystem services are transferred from the service-providing area to the service-benefiting area to satisfy human needs through some substance, energy or information. Most studies focus on the provision of ecosystem services and few focus on the demands on ecosystem services and their spatial distribution. Here, on the basis of the flow of water conservation services from the providing area to the benefiting area, the benefits produced by water conservation service are investigated and the benefiting areas are identified. The results indicate that in 2010 the water conservation service of key ecological function areas provided irrigation water for 1.67×105 km2 of paddy fields and 1.01×105 km2 irrigated fields, domestic water to urban residents and industrial water to factories, mines and enterprises of 2.64×104 km2 urban construction land and domestic water to rural residents across 3.73×104 km2 of rural settlements and formed 6.64×104 km2 of inland water which can be used for freshwater aquaculture, downstream regions comprise 1.31×104 km of navigable river, which can be used for inland shipping. The benefit areas of the key function areas located in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River are greater and more influential benefit areas. To protect these key function areas, more attention should be paid to the maintenance and improvement of water conservation. Some benefit areas have access to the benefits produced by water conservation of nine key ecological function areas and cover 17% of the overall benefit area and the length of their channels benefited accounts for 7%. Multiple key ecological function areas should be taken into account equally in the formulation of ecological compensation policies. These research findings can serve as a scientific basis for the compensated use of and ecological compensation for ecosystem services provided by key ecological function areas.
基金The Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA19050502)The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(2019QZKK1006).
文摘藏北地区平均海拔4500 m以上,被称为“世界屋脊上的屋脊”,同时也是青藏高原生态安全屏障的主体,但在全球气候变化和人类活动的双重影响下,藏北高寒草地生态系统变化明显,部分区域出现退化趋势。2009年我国开始实施了《西藏生态安全屏障保护与建设工程》(以下简称工程),旨在恢复和保育高原的生态系统及其服务功能。而水源涵养是藏北高寒草地生态系统最为重要的服务功能之一,工程实施以来,藏北草地的水源涵养功能如何变化、生态工程的效益如何?本文基于InVEST模型评估了2000–2020年生态工程前后藏北草地水源涵养功能的变化,量化了气候变化和人类活动在其中的贡献率。结果表明:(1)藏北各类型草地的水源涵养能力虽然差异较大,但工程实施后水源涵养的功能均出现了明显的变化,产水量比工程实施前增加10.07%,水源涵养服务上升8.86%。其中高寒草甸区的水源涵养变化速率增长最大,由工程前的–1.84 mm yr^(–1)转变为工程后的2.24 mm yr^(–1);其次是高寒荒漠草原和高寒草原,在工程的影响下水源涵养功能下降的速率明显减缓。(2)气候变化仍是藏北草地水源涵养功能的主要影响因素,但生态工程对藏北各类高寒草地水源涵养功能变化的作用明显,在高寒草甸、高寒草原、高寒荒漠草原区分别达到了13.99%、8.75%、3.71%,有效地促进了藏北草地的水源涵养功能的改善。
