苗药花蝴蝶回调CIA模型鼠血细胞变化的初步研究

目的 观察苗药花蝴蝶回调胶原诱导关节炎(CIA)模型鼠外周血细胞变化的初步作用机制。方法 40只大鼠随机分为花蝴蝶低剂量治疗组(花蝴蝶低组)、花蝴蝶高剂量治疗组(花蝴蝶高组)、甲氨蝶呤治疗组(甲氨蝶呤组)、CIA模型组(模型组)和正常组,分别按相关文献资料并结合民间用药经验灌胃给药。观察大鼠足关节肿胀度,检测大鼠外周血白细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、单核细胞计数、淋巴细胞/单核细胞、红细胞计数、血细胞比容、血小板计数和平均血小板体积等指标,研究大鼠足关节病理切片等。结果 模型组大鼠足关节肿胀指数评分明显高于花蝴蝶低组、花蝴蝶高组、甲氨蝶呤组和正常组(P<0.01);正常组、甲氨蝶呤组、花蝴蝶高组、花蝴蝶低组足关节肿胀指数评分各组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与其他各组比较,模型组大鼠外周血白细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、单核细胞计数、红细胞计数、血细胞比容、血小板计数均明显升高,而模型组大鼠外周血淋巴细胞/单核细胞、平均血小板体积均降低(P<0.01)。正常组、甲氨蝶呤组、花蝴蝶高组、花蝴蝶低组外周血相关检测指标各组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与其他各组比较,模型组大鼠膝关节骨髓腔淋巴细胞、单核细胞评分升高,而脂肪细胞评分降低(P<0.01)。正常组、甲氨蝶呤组、花蝴蝶高组、花蝴蝶低组大鼠膝关节骨髓腔淋巴细胞、单核细胞和脂肪细胞评分各组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 苗药花蝴蝶可能通过回调骨髓淋巴细胞、单核细胞、红细胞、血细胞比容、血小板等指标升高和平均血小板体积、淋巴细胞/单核细胞比值降低,回转CIA模型鼠外周血相应血细胞变化,最终缓解CIA模型鼠症状,这可能是苗药花蝴蝶治疗类风湿关节炎的初步作用机制之一。

诃子水提物通过上调PD-1/PD-L1表达调节胶原蛋白诱发关节炎(CIA)大鼠脾脏中细胞的细胞免疫减轻关节炎症

目的研究诃子水提取物(TCWE)对胶原蛋白诱发关节炎(CIA)大鼠细胞免疫及程序性死亡蛋白1/程序性死亡蛋白1配体1(PD-1/PD-L1)通路的影响。方法SD大鼠随机分为对照组、CIA组、TCWE处理组、甲氨蝶呤(MTX)处理组,每组15只。除对照组外,其余各组SD大鼠皮下注射Ⅱ型胶原蛋白制备胶原蛋白诱发关节炎(CIA)模型,TCWE组大鼠采用[20 mg/(kg·d)]TCWE处理,MTX组大鼠采用[1.67 mg/(kg·d)]MTX处理。处理14 d后,通过HE染色检查软骨形态,流式细胞术检测脾脏T淋巴细胞凋亡和调节性T细胞(Treg)/Th17细胞比率,反转录PCR检测脾脏中的维甲酸相关孤核受体γt(RORγt)和叉头盒转录因子P3(FOXP3)、PD-1和PD-L1的mRNA表达,免疫组织化学染色检测RORγt、FOXP3的表达和定位。Western blot法检测脾脏淋巴细胞的PD-1和PD-L1的蛋白表达,ELISA检测大鼠血清白细胞介素17(IL-17)和转化生长因子β(TGF-β)水平。结果与CIA组相比,TCWE组和MTX组的软骨和滑膜病变明显减轻,脾脏中的T淋巴细胞凋亡率增加,Treg/Th17细胞比率上调,RORγt的表达降低,FOXP3、PD-1和PD-L1的表达增加。血清IL-17水平降低,血清TGF-β水平升高。结论TCWE处理可能激活脾脏细胞的PD-1/PD-L1通路调节CIA大鼠脾脏中细胞的细胞免疫,减轻软骨损伤。

铁死亡诱导剂咪唑酮埃拉斯汀(IKE)通过抑制IL-6、CCL5及CXCL9分泌缓解CIA小鼠的肺纤维化

目的 探索铁死亡诱导剂咪唑酮埃拉斯汀(IKE)对胶原蛋白诱发关节炎(CIA)小鼠肺纤维化的作用及潜在机制。方法 选取8周龄~10周龄DBA/1小鼠,按照完全Freund佐剂(CFA)与鸡Ⅱ型胶原蛋白混合乳化方法建立CIA小鼠模型,设置对照组、 CIA组、 CIA联合IKE组。每2 d进行关节评分与爪垫厚度测量,39 d后收集小鼠各脏器组织。HE染色、番红-固绿染色、甲苯胺蓝染色评价关节处组织病理改变;Masson染色评价肺部组织病理改变。免疫组织化学染色法检测肺组织α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、成纤维细胞活化蛋白α(FAPα)、转化生长因子β(TGF-β)及Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(Col1)、白细胞介素1(IL-1)、 IL-6、 IL-17及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的表达水平;Olink mouse exploratory panel检测小鼠血清细胞因子IL-17α、 IL-17F、 TGF-β1、整合素亚基β6(ITG-β6)、 TNF受体超家族成员11B(TNFRSF11b)、 TNF受体超家族成员12A (TNFRSF12a)、 IL-6、 IL-1α、 IL-1β、 IL-10、 TNF-α、 CC趋化因子配体5(CCL5)、 CCL2、 CXC趋化因子配体9(CXCL9)、 CXCL1、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸激酶(NADK)、促红细胞生成素(EPO)、集落刺激因子2(CSF2)、 TGF-α、 CCL20、 CCL3水平。结果 与CIA组相比,CIA联合IKE组治疗后关节炎症及关节损伤明显缓解;肺组织α-SMA、 FAPα、 TGF-β和Col1表达水平均呈下降趋势,表明CIA小鼠肺部胶原蛋白聚集减少,组织病变明显缓解;IL-6、 CCL5、 CXCL9、 IL-6水平显著下降表明CIA小鼠肺部炎症显著缓解。结论 IKE除缓解CIA小鼠关节炎症及关节损伤外,还可通过抑制IL-6、 CCL5及CXCL9表达缓解CIA伴发的肺纤维化。

身痛逐瘀汤对CIA模型大鼠预防及治疗的作用研究

目的 探究身痛逐瘀汤对胶原诱导Lewis大鼠关节炎模型(CIA模型)大鼠的预防效果及治疗作用。方法 将42只大鼠随机分为空白组,模型组,甲氨蝶呤组(0.9 mg·kg^(-1)),预防给药组(身痛逐瘀汤,9 g·kg^(-1)),身痛逐瘀汤低(4.5 g·kg^(-1))、中(9 g·kg^(-1))、高(18g·kg^(-1))剂量组,每组6只,除空白组外,其余各组使用胶原对Lewis大鼠进行二次免疫构建CIA模型。实验中每周两次记录动物状态、关节炎评分、足容积及痛阈值,实验终点检测大鼠血液流变学变化,使用ELISA法测定大鼠血清中IL-10、TGF-β、IL-17、TNF-α、MMP1、MMP13、RANKL的表达,使用HE染色、番红固绿染色观察其踝关节组织的病理变化并进行组织病理学评分。结果 与模型组相比,身痛逐瘀汤各剂量组的关节炎评分、痛阈值、足肿胀率均降低,其中身痛逐瘀汤中、高剂量组效果显著;身痛逐瘀汤中、高剂量组的低、中、高切全血黏度,血浆黏度、血沉及血沉方程K值显著降低;各剂量组促进抑炎因子IL-10的表达升高,促炎因子TGF-β、IL-17、TNF-α的表达降低,抑制骨损伤相关炎症因子MMP-1、MMP-13、RANKL的含量,减轻病理损伤,高剂量组治疗效果显著;身痛逐瘀汤预防给药组在大鼠关节炎评分、痛阈值、足肿胀率、血清炎症因子及病理切片的结果均优于身痛逐瘀汤各治疗剂量组。结论 身痛逐瘀汤对CIA模型大鼠具有良好的预防效果及治疗作用,可以有效缓解大鼠的关节炎症状,减轻疼痛,改善血液流变,抑制炎症,改善病理损伤。

Genomic alterations in oral multiple primary cancers

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the predominant type of oral cancer, while some patients may develop oral multiple primary cancers (MPCs) with unclear etiology. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and genomic alterations of oral MPCs. Clinicopathological data from patients with oral single primary carcinoma (SPC, n=202) and oral MPCs (n=34) were collected and compared. Copy number alteration (CNA) analysis was conducted to identify chromosomal-instability differences among oral MPCs, recurrent OSCC cases, and OSCC patients with lymph node metastasis. Whole-exome sequencing was employed to identify potential unique gene mutations in oral MPCs patients. Additionally, CNA and phylogenetic tree analyses were used to gain preliminary insights into the molecular characteristics of different primary tumors within individual patients. Our findings revealed that, in contrast to oral SPC, females predominated the oral MPCs (70.59%), while smoking and alcohol use were not frequent in MPCs.Moreover, long-term survival outcomes were poorer in oral MPCs. From a CNA perspective, no significant differences were observed between oral MPCs patients and those with recurrence and lymph node metastasis. In addition to commonly mutated genes such as CASP8, TP53 and MUC16, in oral MPCs we also detected relatively rare mutations, such as HS3ST6 and RFPL4A. Furthermore, this study also demonstrated that most MPCs patients exhibited similarities in certain genomic regions within individuals, and distinct differences of the similarity degree were observed between synchronous and metachronous oral MPCs.

Sex-dependent alterations in extracellular vesicles linking chronic spinal cord injury to brain neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

Traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)is a devastating exogenous injury with long-lasting consequences and a leading cause of death and disability worldwide.Advances in assistive technology,rehabilitative interventions,and the ability to identify and intervene in secondary conditions have significantly increased the long-term survival rate of SCI patients,with some people even living well into their seventh or eighth decade.These survival changes have led neurotrauma researchers to examine how SCI interacts with brain aging.Public health and epidemiological data showed that patients with long-term SCI can have a lower life expectancy and quality of life,along with a higher risk of comorbidities and complications.

Identifying Comprehensive Genomic Alterations and Potential Neoantigens for Cervical Cancer Immunotherapy in a Cohort of Chinese Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix

Objective Genomic alterations and potential neoantigens for cervical cancer immunotherapy were identified in a cohort of Chinese patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma(CSCC).Methods Whole-exome sequencing was used to identify genomic alterations and potential neoantigens for CSCC immunotherapy.RNA Sequencing was performed to analyze neoantigen expression.Results Systematic bioinformatics analysis showed that C>T/G>A transitions/transversions were dominant in CSCCs.Missense mutations were the most frequent types of somatic mutation in the coding sequence regions.Mutational signature analysis detected signature 2,signature 6,and signature 7 in CSCC samples.PIK3CA,FBXW7,and BICRA were identified as potential driver genes,with BICRA as a newly reported gene.Genomic variation profiling identified 4,960 potential neoantigens,of which 114 were listed in two neoantigen-related databases.Conclusion The present findings contribute to our understanding of the genomic characteristics of CSCC and provide a foundation for the development of new biotechnology methods for individualized immunotherapy in CSCC.

Risk stratification for radioactive iodine refractoriness using molecular alterations in distant metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer

Objective: Patients with radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer(RAIR-DTC) are often diagnosed with delay and constrained to limited treatment options. The correlation between RAI refractoriness and the underlying genetic characteristics has not been extensively studied.Methods: Adult patients with distant metastatic DTC were enrolled and assigned to undergo next-generation sequencing of a customized 26-gene panel(Thyro Lead). Patients were classified into RAIR-DTC or non-RAIR groups to determine the differences in clinicopathological and molecular characteristics. Molecular risk stratification(MRS) was constructed based on the association between molecular alterations identified and RAI refractoriness, and the results were classified as high, intermediate or low MRS.Results: A total of 220 patients with distant metastases were included, 63.2% of whom were identified as RAIRDTC. Genetic alterations were identified in 90% of all the patients, with BRAF(59.7% vs. 17.3%), TERT promoter(43.9% vs. 7.4%), and TP53 mutations(11.5% vs. 3.7%) being more prevalent in the RAIR-DTC group than in the non-RAIR group, except for RET fusions(15.8% vs. 39.5%), which had the opposite pattern. BRAF and TERT promoter are independent predictors of RAIR-DTC, accounting for 67.6% of patients with RAIR-DTC. MRS was strongly associated with RAI refractoriness(P<0.001), with an odds ratio(OR) of high to low MRS of 7.52 [95%confidence interval(95% CI), 3.96-14.28;P<0.001] and an OR of intermediate to low MRS of 3.20(95% CI,1.01-10.14;P=0.041).Conclusions: Molecular alterations were associated with RAI refractoriness, with BRAF and TERT promoter mutations being the predominant contributors, followed by TP53 and DICER1 mutations. MRS might serve as a valuable tool for both prognosticating clinical outcomes and directing precision-based therapeutic interventions.

Clinicopathological alterations in wild mammals from the reservoir system of Trypanosoma cruzi:a scoping review

Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiologic agent of Chagas disease.This flagellated protozoan is transmitted to humans as well as different species of domestic and wild animals via vectors from the Reduviidae family(known as"kissing bugs").Despite the fact that hundreds of species of wild mammals are part of the reservoir system,the morphologi-cal changes and clinical manifestations resulting from the pathogenesis of the infection have been largely neglected.The aim of this review is to systematically compile the available information regarding clinicopathological altera-tions in wild mammals due to natural infection by T.cruzi.Information was obtained from six online bibliographic data search platforms,resulting in the identification of 29 publications that met the inclusion criteria.Mortality was the most common clinical manifestation,cardiac damage was the main finding at necropsy,and lymphoplas-macytic inflammation was the most frequent microscopic injury.Thus,regardless of its role as a reservoir,T.cruzi has the potential to affect the health status of wild mammals,a situation that highlights the need for further research to analyze,measure,and compare its effects at both the individual and population levels.

汉黄芩素通过NRF2/HO-1信号途径诱导大鼠CIA-FLS细胞铁死亡

目的:探讨汉黄芩素(WOG)通过核因子E2相关因子2(NRF2)/血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)信号途径诱导胶原诱导性关节炎大鼠成纤维细胞样滑膜细胞(大鼠CIA-FLS细胞)铁死亡的机制。方法:将大鼠CIA-FLS细胞分为:对照组、低、中、高剂量(25、50和100μmol/L)汉黄芩素组、铁死亡抑制剂(LIP-1)组、LIP-1+高剂量汉黄芩素组、HO-1激动剂钴原卟啉(COPP)组和COPP+高剂量汉黄芩素组,CCK-8法检测细胞活力;结晶紫染色法检测细胞形态;检测氧化应激标志物谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的水平;DCFH-DA荧光探针检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)的含量,Western blot检测Kelch样ECH关联蛋白1(KEAP-1)、NRF2和HO-1蛋白表达水平。结果:与正常对照组相比,给予WOG处理后,大鼠CIA-FLS细胞活力显著下降(P<0.01),氧化应激水平显著上升(P<0.01),ROS含量显著增加(P<0.01),NRF2和HO-1蛋白表达水平显著下降(P<0.01),KEAP-1水平显著增加(P<0.01);与WOG组相比,LIP-1处理组的细胞活力显著上升(P<0.01),氧化应激水平显著下降(P<0.01),ROS含量显著减少(P<0.01);与WOG组相比,加入COPP后,NRF2和HO-1蛋白表达水平显著上升(P<0.01),KEAP-1水平显著下降(P<0.01)。结论:WOG能通过NRF2/HO-1信号途径,促进氧化应激来诱导大鼠CIA-FLS细胞铁死亡。

Hematological Alterations in an Eastern Sudanese Chronic Kidney Disease Patient Population

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), associated with a slow and progressive loss of kidney function over a period of several years, is an important clinical disaster with an increasing rate of morbidity and mortality especially in the least developed countries. Many hematological parameters are thought to alter dramatically during the course of the disease. These include white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Methods: We tried, retrospectively, to evaluate the peripheral blood hematological alterations in a group of patients undergoing hemodialysis in an eastern Sudan dialysis center to add local medical information. Results: Anemia (Low hemoglobin and hematocrit) was detected in 94% of the patients’ group. Mean Erythrocyte count (3.32vs.4.76 (×109/L)), Hemoglobin concentration (9.4vs.13 (g/dl)), Hematocrit (28.7vs.38.7 (L/L)) and platelet count (296 vs. 238 (×109/L)) were significantly lower in the patients’ group than in the control group (P-values Conclusion: Five out of eight studied parameters (Red cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, and platelets count) have shown a significant alteration in CKD patients. As the complete blood count (CBC) test is the most utilized test in clinical laboratory practice, these alterations may be considered as early indicators for CKD. Furthermore, all patients with CKD must be routinely checked for these alterations.

苗药花蝴蝶回调CIA模型大鼠脂肪细胞变化的研究

目的探讨苗药花蝴蝶回调牛二型胶原蛋白诱导关节炎(CIA)模型鼠脂肪细胞变化的相关指标及其机制。方法将40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组(8只)及建模组(32只),建模组大鼠建模成功后分为CIA模型组、氨甲蝶呤组及花蝴蝶高剂量组、低剂量组,各8只,根据相关文献资料结合民间用药经验分别灌胃给药(正常组:生理盐水;氨甲蝶呤组:1.04 mg/kg氨甲蝶呤,每周2次;花蝴蝶高、低组:每天7.6、3.8 mg/kg花蝴蝶药液),35 d后停止。观察各组大鼠足肿胀情况,检测血液甘油三酯(TG)、类风湿因子(RF)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、IgG、IgM等指标,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测脂联素(ADPN)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)等细胞因子,研究足关节病理切片等。采用SPSS25.0软件对实验数据进行统计学处理。结果CIA模型组大鼠关节肿胀指数评分及RF、IgM水平均明显高于其他组,IgG水平低于花蝴蝶低组而高于其他组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),TG、ADPN、IL-10水平明显低于其他组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CIA模型组大鼠足关节骨髓腔内现低度脂肪细胞,而白细胞弥漫性增生,与其他组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论苗药花蝴蝶可能通过回调CIA模型鼠脂肪细胞的减少,保证了正常的能量代谢(如TG等)和免疫调节因子分泌(如ADPN、IL-10等),促进了免疫调节作用(如回调了RF、IgG、IgM等),缓解了足关节炎症等。

程氏蠲痹汤通过抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路激活减轻胶原蛋白诱导关节炎(CIA)大鼠炎症

目的探索程氏蠲痹汤(JBT)对胶原蛋白诱导关节炎(CIA)大鼠治疗的可能机制。方法将雌性SD大鼠分为正常组、CIA模型组、甲氨蝶呤(MTX)组、不同剂量JBT组、LY294002(PI3K阻断剂)组。评估JBT对实验大鼠治疗前后足趾肿胀度、关节炎指数测定的影响,HE染色检测滑膜组织病变情况,ELISA检测大鼠滑膜组织匀浆中白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平。实时定量PCR检测磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)、蛋白激酶B(AKT)、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)、beclin-1、P62的mRNA表达水平,Western blot法检测AKT、磷酸化的AKT(p-AKT)、mTOR、磷酸化的mTOR(p-mTOR)、PI3K、磷酸化的PI3K(p-PI3K)、P62、beclin-1、微管相关蛋白1轻链3B(LC3B)蛋白表达。结果与正常组相比,给药前1 h,其余各组大鼠足趾明显肿胀。与给药前1 h相比,高剂量JBT组、MTX组、LY294002组给药30 d后,采血前2 h足趾肿胀明显缓解。JBT能显著减轻大鼠足趾肿胀度、关节炎指数评分、滑膜组织的破坏。高剂量JBT组大鼠滑膜样本IL-1β、TNF-α水平以及PI3K、AKT、mTOR、P62的mRNA表达水平降低,p-PI3K、p-AKT、p-mTOR、P62蛋白水平明显降低,beclin-1 mRNA和蛋白表达、LC3B蛋白水平明显升高。结论JBT可能通过抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路的激活减轻关节炎症,高剂量JBT的治疗效果与MTX、LY294002的治疗效果相当。

Molecular alterations in gastric cancer with special reference to the early-onset subtype

Currently, gastric cancer(GC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed neoplasms, with a global burden of 723000 deaths in 2012. It is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. There are numerous possible factors that stimulate the procarcinogenic activity of important genes. These factors include genetic susceptibility expressed in a singlenucleotide polymorphism, various acquired mutations(chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability, somatic gene mutations, epigenetic alterations) and environmental circumstances(e.g., helicobcter pylori infection, EBV infection, diet, and smoking). Most of the aforementioned pathways overlap, and authors agree that a clear-cut pathway for GC may not exist. Thus, the categorization of carcinogenic events is complicated. Lately, it has been claimed that research on early-onset gastric carcinoma(EOGC) and hereditary GC may contribute towards unravelling some part of the mystery of the GC molecular pattern because young patients are less exposed to environmental carcinogens and because carcinogenesis in this setting may be more dependent on genetic factors. The comparison of various aspects that differ and coexist in EOGCs and conventional GCs might enable scientists to: distinguish which features in the pathway of gastric carcinogenesisare modifiable, discover specific GC markers and identify a specific target. This review provides a summary of the data published thus far concerning the molecular characteristics of GC and highlights the outstanding features of EOGC.

Inflammation-associated microsatellite alterations:Mechanisms and significance in the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer

Microsatellite alterations within genomic DNA frameshift as a result of defective DNA mismatch repair(MMR). About 15% of sporadic colorectal cancers(CRCs) manifest hypermethylation of the DNA MMR gene MLH1, resulting in mono-and di-nucleotide frameshifts to classify it as microsatellite instability-high(MSI-H) and hypermutated, and due to frameshifts at coding microsatellites generating neo-antigens, produce a robust protective immune response that can be enhanced with immune checkpoint blockade. More commonly, approximately 50% of sporadic nonMSI-H CRCs demonstrate frameshifts at di-and tetra-nucleotide microsatellites to classify it as MSIlow/elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats(EMAST) as a result of functional somatic inactivation of the DNA MMR protein MSH3 via a nuclear-to-cytosolic displacement. The trigger for MSH3 displacement appears to be inflammation and/or oxidative stress, and unlike MSI-H CRC patients, patients with MSI-L/EMAST CRCs show poor prognosis. These inflammatory-associated microsatellite alterations are a consequence of the local tumor microenvironment, and in theory, if the microenvironment is manipulated to lower inflammation, the microsatellite alterations and MSH3 dysfunction should be corrected. Here we describe the mechanisms and significance of inflammatory-associated microsatellite alterations, and propose three areas to deeply explore the consequences and prevention of inflammation's effect upon the DNA MMR system.

Identification of phloem-associated translatome alterations during leaf development in Prunus domestica L.

Phloem plays a fundamental role in plants by transporting hormones,nutrients,proteins,RNAs,and carbohydrates essential for plant growth and development.However,the identity of the underlying phloem genes and pathways remain enigmatic especially in agriculturally important perennial crops,in part,due to the technical difficulty of phloem sampling.Here,we used two phloem-specific promoters and a translating ribosome affinity purification(TRAP)strategy to characterize the phloem translatome during leaf development at 2,4,and 6 weeks post vernalization in plum(Prunus domestica L.).Results provide insight into the changing phloem processes that occur during leaf development.These processes included the early activation of DNA replication genes that are likely involved in phloem cell division during leaf expansion,as well as the upregulation of phloem genes associated with sink to source conversion,induction of defense processes,and signaling for reproduction.Combined these results reveal the dynamics of phloem gene expression during leaf development and establish the TRAP system as a powerful tool for studying phloem-specific functions and responses in trees.

Altered heartbeat perception sensitivity associated with brain structural alterations in generalised anxiety disorder

Background Palpitation is a common complaint in generalised anxiety disorder(GAD).Brain imaging studies have Investigated the neural mechanism of heartbeat perception in healthy volunteers.This study explored the neuroanatomical differences of altered heartbeat perception in patients with GAD using structural MRI.Aims Based on the strong somatic-interoceptive symptoms in GAD,we explored the regional structural brain abnormalities involved in heartbeat perception in patients with GAD.Methods This study was applied to the a priori regions using neuroanatomical theories of heartbeat perception,including the insula,anterior cingulate cortex,supplementary motor area and prefrontal cortex.A total of 19 patients with GAD and 19 healthy control subjects were enrolled.We used the FMRIB Software Library voxel-based morphometry software for estimating the grey matter volume of these regions of interest and analysed the correlation between heartbeat perception sensitivity and the volume of abnormal grey matter.Results Patients with GAD showed a significantly decreased volume of grey matter in their left medial prefrontal cortex,right orbital frontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex.The grey matter volume of the left medial prefrontal cortex negatively correlated with heartbeat perception sensitivity in patients with GAD.Conclusions It should be the first study that shows heartbeat perception is associated with brain structure in GAD.Our findings suggest that the frontal region may play an important role in aberrant heartbeat perception processing in patients with GAD,and this may be an underlying mechanism resulting in the abnormal cardiovascular complaints in GAD.This is hypothesised as a'top-down'deficiency,especially in the medial prefrontal cortex.This will provide the foundation for a more targeted region for neuromodulation intervention in the future.

Application of Different Image Processing Techniques on Aster and ETM+ Images for Exploration of Hydrothermal Alteration Associated with Copper Mineralizations Mapping Kehdolan Area (Eastern Azarbaijan Province-Iran)

The Kehdolan area is located at 20 kilometers to the?south-east of Dozdozan Town (Eastern Azarbaijan Province). According to structural geology, volconic rocks are situated in Alborz-Azarbyjan zone, and faults?are?observed?in?the?same direction to this system with SE-NW trend. The results show that kaolinite alteration trend with Argilic and propylitic veins?is the?same direction with SW-NE faults in this area. Therefore, these faults with these trends can be considered as the mineralization control for determination of the alterations. Different image processing techniques,?such as false color composite?(FCC), band ratios, color ratio composite?(CRC), principal component?analysis?(PCA), Crosta technique, supervised spectral angle mapping?(SAM), are used for?identification of the alteration zones associated with copper mineralization. In this project ASTER?data are process and spectral analysis to fit for recognizing intensity and kind of argillic, propylitic,?philic, and ETM+ data?which?are process and to fit for iron oxide and relation to metal mineralization of the area. For recognizing different alterations of the study area, some chemical and mineralogical analysis data from the samples showed that ASTER data and ETM+ data were?capable of hydrothermal alteration mapping with copper mineralization.?Copper mineralization in the region is in agreement with argillic alteration. SW-NE trending faults controlled the mineralization process.

Hypobaric-hypoxia Induces Alteration in Microbes and Microbes-associated Enzyme Profile in Rat Colonic Samples

Present study deals with the straight impact of hypobaric hypoxia on the quantity and composition of some predominant fecal microflora and its functional aspects. For that, isolated fecal contents of rat were exposed to two different simulated air pressures （70 kPa and 40 kPa） for different time durations （1, 3, and 5 h） and the bacterial community composition was compared with normobaric groups （101.3 kPa）. It was found that the total anaerobes, Escherichio coli, Enterbocters spp., Bi^idobocterium spp., CIostridium spp. were increased whereas total aerobes were decreased at both hypobaric treatments. The increased number of amplicon was detected in the pressure-treated groups than the control that clearly mentioned the disruption of microbiota structure at different simulated hypobaric-hypoxia. The amylase, protease, tannase, 13-glucuronidase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were increased at these atmospheric pressures. Thus, the present investigation demonstrates that the hypobaric hypoxia is an important environmental factor which can strongly modulate the composition of intestinal flora as well as microfiora-derived functional aspects.

“语言指纹”在情报分析中的应用研究--基于CIA、FBI、ANSP的情报分析案例

[研究目的]将语言学研究中的“语言指纹”(又称个人语型)分析,引入情报分析方法中。[研究方法]采用案例研究和文献分析法,以CIA、FBI、韩国ANSP三个情报机构的实践为例,基于写作风格、社会语言学、中介语等三类语言学理论,从特征与个体身份相关性、分析流程、适用特征、应用场景等维度进行分析。[研究结论]语言指纹分析方法应用于情报分析场景中,具备语言学理论基础科学性、操作可行性、实践有效性,同时也有一定的局限性和适用前提。