Visual function alterations in cavernous hemangioma of the orbital apex after surgery

Dear Editor,I am Dr.Kang Xue,from the Department of Ophthalmology at the Eye,Ear,Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai,China.I am writing to present three case reports of the removal of visual function alterations in cavernous hemangioma of the orbital apex after surgery.Cavernous hemangioma is a relatively common primary benign orbital tumor in adults^([1]).Although histopathologically benign,a cavernous hemangioma may often cause proptosis and interfere with optic nerve function,necessitating surgical intervention^([2]).Patients should be followed with

Common Fixed Point Results for Quasi-contractions Involving Altering Distance Functions in Ordered Cone Metric Spaces

Some common fixed point results for mappings satisfying a quasi-contractive condition which involves altering distance functions are obtained in partially ordered complete cone metric spaces. A sufficient condition for the uniqueness of common fixed point is proved. Also, an example is given to support our results.

Neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with the COVID-19 and its potential nervous system infection mechanism:the role of imaging in the study

The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has broken the normal spread mode of respiratory viruses,namely,mainly spread in winter,resulting in over 230 million confirmed cases of COVID-19.Many studies have shown that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)can affect the nervous system by varying degrees.In this review,we look at the acute neuropsychiatric impacts of COVID-19 patients,including acute ischemic stroke,encephalitis,acute necrotizing encephalopathy,dysosmia,and epilepsy,as well as the long-term neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 survivors:mental disorder and neurodegenerative diseases.In particular,this review discusses long-term changes in brain structure and function associated with COVID-19 infection.We believe that the traditional imaging sequences are important in the acute phase,while the nontraditional imaging sequences are more meaningful for the detection of long-term neuropsychiatric sequelae.These long-term follow-up changes in structure and function may also help us understand the causes of neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID-19 survivors.Finally,we review previous studies and discuss some potential mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the nervous system.Continuous focus on neuropsychiatric sequelae and a comprehensive understanding of the long-term impacts of the virus to the nervous system is significant for formulating effective sequelae prevention andmanagement strategies,andmay provide important clues for nervous system damage in future public health crises.

Macrophage senescence in health and diseases

Macrophage senescence,manifested by the special form of durable cell cycle arrest and chronic low-grade inflammation like senescence-associated secretory phenotype,has long been consid-ered harmful.Persistent senescence of macrophages may lead to maladaptation,immune dysfunction,and finally the development of age-related diseases,infections,autoimmune diseases,and malignancies.However,it is a ubiquitous,multi-factorial,and dynamic complex phenomenon that also plays roles in remodeled processes,including wound repair and embryogenesis.In this review,we summarize some general molecular changes and several specific biomarkers during macrophage senescence,which may bring new sight to recognize senescent macrophages in different conditions.Also,we take an in-depth look at the functional changes in senescent macrophages,including metabolism,autophagy,polarization,phagocytosis,antigen presentation,and infiltration or recruitment.Furthermore,some degenerations and diseases associated with senescent macrophages as well as the mechanisms or relevant genetic regulations of senescent macrophages are integrated,not only emphasizing the possibility of regulating macrophage senescence to benefit age-associated diseases but also has an implication on the finding of potential tar-gets ordrugs clinically.