Increased agricultural production under the harsh environmental conditions with limited water resources and scarce natural resources is a major challenge in arid regions like Kuwait. The implementation of sustainable ...Increased agricultural production under the harsh environmental conditions with limited water resources and scarce natural resources is a major challenge in arid regions like Kuwait. The implementation of sustainable agricultural practices holds paramount importance in delivering better agricultural environment for increased production. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is one among the most dependable cereal crops under saline and drought conditions. Mutant barley genotypes that have evolved under stress conditions using the improved genetic resources have the desired morphological, physiological and agronomic traits. As Kuwait lack local barley genotypes, it is important to find suitable barley genotypes adaptable to drought and salinity, with high crop water productivity. In this study, several mutant barley varieties were screened for better performance under drought and salinity, with high feed quality. The growth performance and the nutritive value of twelve different barley cultivars were evaluated under both fresh and brackish water irrigation in Kuwait. The seeds of the superior lines were multiplied for fodder production trials and their nutritive value was evaluated in animal production systems. It was found that two parental lines Gustoe and California Marriot and two mutant barley genotypes ari-e.228 and Golden Promise produced high grain yield of 3 - 4 ton/ha. The mutant genotype Golden Promise was the most tolerant, while ari-e.156 was the most susceptible genotype to saline stress. Both proximate analysis and animal feeding trial showed that the dry matter content of the air dry straws varied from 91.26% to 93.35%. The crude fat contents were within the acceptable range (1.13% to 1.93%), and high concentrations of ash and crude protein were found in straw in all genotypes. Thus, the evolution of farming systems that are economically viable, competitive, sustainable and environmental friendly improves the production efficiency, productivity and product quality of various crops.展开更多
【目的】探究微咸水-淡水交替灌溉对夏玉米不同生育期内光合日变化的影响。【方法】以全生育期灌溉淡水处理(0.08 g/L Na Cl)为对照(CK),采用3种不同矿化度(1、3、5 g/L Na Cl)微咸水和淡水在夏玉米的3个不同生育期内(壮苗期、拔节抽雄...【目的】探究微咸水-淡水交替灌溉对夏玉米不同生育期内光合日变化的影响。【方法】以全生育期灌溉淡水处理(0.08 g/L Na Cl)为对照(CK),采用3种不同矿化度(1、3、5 g/L Na Cl)微咸水和淡水在夏玉米的3个不同生育期内(壮苗期、拔节抽雄期、灌浆成熟期)进行避雨盆栽交替灌溉试验。【结果】壮苗期及灌浆成熟期微咸水灌溉处理和CK的净光合速率(Pn)日变化均呈双峰曲线,壮苗期峰值出现在12:00和16:00,灌浆成熟期峰值提前至10:00和14:00。拔节抽雄期灌溉微咸水处理的Pn日变化呈单峰曲线,峰值提前至10:00。微咸水灌溉均引起夏玉米Pn和蒸腾速率(Tr)不同程度减小,导致水分利用效率(WUE)减小,玉米光合能力下降。壮苗期灌溉1 g/L微咸水和灌浆成熟期灌溉微咸水导致气孔导度(Gs)减小和胞间CO2摩尔分数(Ci)减小,通过气孔原因造成玉米光合作用减弱,而壮苗期灌溉3 g/L和5 g/L微咸水和拔节抽雄期灌溉微咸水导致Gs减小和Ci增大,通过非气孔原因导致玉米光合作用减弱。【结论】拔节抽雄期灌溉微咸水对夏玉米光合日变化影响最显著,壮苗期次之,灌浆成熟期最小,因此,微咸水-淡水交替灌溉制度应在夏玉米拔节抽雄期灌溉淡水,可在灌浆成熟期灌溉微咸水。展开更多
文摘Increased agricultural production under the harsh environmental conditions with limited water resources and scarce natural resources is a major challenge in arid regions like Kuwait. The implementation of sustainable agricultural practices holds paramount importance in delivering better agricultural environment for increased production. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is one among the most dependable cereal crops under saline and drought conditions. Mutant barley genotypes that have evolved under stress conditions using the improved genetic resources have the desired morphological, physiological and agronomic traits. As Kuwait lack local barley genotypes, it is important to find suitable barley genotypes adaptable to drought and salinity, with high crop water productivity. In this study, several mutant barley varieties were screened for better performance under drought and salinity, with high feed quality. The growth performance and the nutritive value of twelve different barley cultivars were evaluated under both fresh and brackish water irrigation in Kuwait. The seeds of the superior lines were multiplied for fodder production trials and their nutritive value was evaluated in animal production systems. It was found that two parental lines Gustoe and California Marriot and two mutant barley genotypes ari-e.228 and Golden Promise produced high grain yield of 3 - 4 ton/ha. The mutant genotype Golden Promise was the most tolerant, while ari-e.156 was the most susceptible genotype to saline stress. Both proximate analysis and animal feeding trial showed that the dry matter content of the air dry straws varied from 91.26% to 93.35%. The crude fat contents were within the acceptable range (1.13% to 1.93%), and high concentrations of ash and crude protein were found in straw in all genotypes. Thus, the evolution of farming systems that are economically viable, competitive, sustainable and environmental friendly improves the production efficiency, productivity and product quality of various crops.
文摘【目的】探究微咸水-淡水交替灌溉对夏玉米不同生育期内光合日变化的影响。【方法】以全生育期灌溉淡水处理(0.08 g/L Na Cl)为对照(CK),采用3种不同矿化度(1、3、5 g/L Na Cl)微咸水和淡水在夏玉米的3个不同生育期内(壮苗期、拔节抽雄期、灌浆成熟期)进行避雨盆栽交替灌溉试验。【结果】壮苗期及灌浆成熟期微咸水灌溉处理和CK的净光合速率(Pn)日变化均呈双峰曲线,壮苗期峰值出现在12:00和16:00,灌浆成熟期峰值提前至10:00和14:00。拔节抽雄期灌溉微咸水处理的Pn日变化呈单峰曲线,峰值提前至10:00。微咸水灌溉均引起夏玉米Pn和蒸腾速率(Tr)不同程度减小,导致水分利用效率(WUE)减小,玉米光合能力下降。壮苗期灌溉1 g/L微咸水和灌浆成熟期灌溉微咸水导致气孔导度(Gs)减小和胞间CO2摩尔分数(Ci)减小,通过气孔原因造成玉米光合作用减弱,而壮苗期灌溉3 g/L和5 g/L微咸水和拔节抽雄期灌溉微咸水导致Gs减小和Ci增大,通过非气孔原因导致玉米光合作用减弱。【结论】拔节抽雄期灌溉微咸水对夏玉米光合日变化影响最显著,壮苗期次之,灌浆成熟期最小,因此,微咸水-淡水交替灌溉制度应在夏玉米拔节抽雄期灌溉淡水,可在灌浆成熟期灌溉微咸水。