Reconstruction of electrical capacitance tomography images based on fast linearized alternating direction method of multipliers for two-phase flow system

Electrical capacitance tomography(ECT)has been applied to two-phase flow measurement in recent years.Image reconstruction algorithms play an important role in the successful applications of ECT.To solve the ill-posed and nonlinear inverse problem of ECT image reconstruction,a new ECT image reconstruction method based on fast linearized alternating direction method of multipliers(FLADMM)is proposed in this paper.On the basis of theoretical analysis of compressed sensing(CS),the data acquisition of ECT is regarded as a linear measurement process of permittivity distribution signal of pipe section.A new measurement matrix is designed and L1 regularization method is used to convert ECT inverse problem to a convex relaxation problem which contains prior knowledge.A new fast alternating direction method of multipliers which contained linearized idea is employed to minimize the objective function.Simulation data and experimental results indicate that compared with other methods,the quality and speed of reconstructed images are markedly improved.Also,the dynamic experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm can ful fill the real-time requirement of ECT systems in the application.

Distributed MPC for Reconfigurable Architecture Systems via Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers

This paper investigates the distributed model predictive control(MPC)problem of linear systems where the network topology is changeable by the way of inserting new subsystems,disconnecting existing subsystems,or merely modifying the couplings between different subsystems.To equip live systems with a quick response ability when modifying network topology,while keeping a satisfactory dynamic performance,a novel reconfiguration control scheme based on the alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)is presented.In this scheme,the local controllers directly influenced by the structure realignment are redesigned in the reconfiguration control.Meanwhile,by employing the powerful ADMM algorithm,the iterative formulas for solving the reconfigured optimization problem are obtained,which significantly accelerate the computation speed and ensure a timely output of the reconfigured optimal control response.Ultimately,the presented reconfiguration scheme is applied to the level control of a benchmark four-tank plant to illustrate its effectiveness and main characteristics.

Application of Linearized Alternating Direction Multiplier Method in Dictionary Learning

The Alternating Direction Multiplier Method (ADMM) is widely used in various fields, and different variables are customized in the literature for different application scenarios [1] [2] [3] [4]. Among them, the linearized alternating direction multiplier method (LADMM) has received extensive attention because of its effectiveness and ease of implementation. This paper mainly discusses the application of ADMM in dictionary learning (non-convex problem). Many numerical experiments show that to achieve higher convergence accuracy, the convergence speed of ADMM is slower, especially near the optimal solution. Therefore, we introduce the linearized alternating direction multiplier method (LADMM) to accelerate the convergence speed of ADMM. Specifically, the problem is solved by linearizing the quadratic term of the subproblem, and the convergence of the algorithm is proved. Finally, there is a brief summary of the full text.

Distributed Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers for Multi-Objective Optimization

In this paper, a distributed algorithm is proposed to solve a kind of multi-objective optimization problem based on the alternating direction method of multipliers. Compared with the centralized algorithms, this algorithm does not need a central node. Therefore, it has the characteristics of low communication burden and high privacy. In addition, numerical experiments are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

求解不可分离非凸非光滑问题的线性惯性ADMM算法

针对目标函数中包含耦合函数H(x,y)的非凸非光滑极小化问题,提出了一种线性惯性交替乘子方向法(Linear Inertial Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers,LIADMM)。为了方便子问题的求解,对目标函数中的耦合函数H(x,y)进行线性化处理,并在x-子问题中引入惯性效应。在适当的假设条件下,建立了算法的全局收敛性;同时引入满足Kurdyka-Lojasiewicz不等式的辅助函数,验证了算法的强收敛性。通过两个数值实验表明,引入惯性效应的算法比没有惯性效应的算法收敛性能更好。

基于改进ADMM的含分布式光伏的配电网电压无功优化方法

由于所建立含分布式光伏(PV)的有源配电网电压无功优化模型是一个典型的非凸混合整数非线性优化模型,提出一种改进交替方向乘子法(ADMM)来求解含分布式光伏的配电网电压无功优化问题。首先以有载调压变压器和投切电容器组为例,建立一种新的广义可分解有源配电网电压无功优化模型,然后根据ADMM算法将有源配电网电压无功优化模型分解为2个子问题求解,并设计惩罚参数的自适应调节机制以加速收敛。在3个不同规模有源配电网算例上进行仿真测试,结果表明,所提出改进ADMM方法具有较好的收敛性和最优解。

非凸多分块优化的Bregman ADMM的收敛率研究

Wang等提出了求解带线性约束的多块可分非凸优化问题的带Bregman距离的交替方向乘子法(Bregman ADMM),并证明了其收敛性.该文将进一步研究求解带线性约束的多块可分非凸优化问题的Bregman ADMM的收敛率,以及算法产生的迭代点列有界的充分条件.在效益函数的Kurdyka-Lojasiewicz (KL)性质下,该文建立了值和迭代的收敛速率,证明了与目标函数相关的各种KL指数值可获得Bregman ADMM的三种不同收敛速度.更确切地说,该文证明了如下结果:如果效益函数的KL指数θ=0,那么由Bregman ADMM生成的序列经过有限次迭代后收敛;如果θ∈(0,1/2),那么Bregman ADMM是线性收敛的;如果θ∈(1/2,1),那么Bregman ADMM是次线性收敛的.

基于IR-ADMM组合技术对地震随机噪声的压制

稀疏表示是一种现行有效的随机噪声压制方法,常采用交替方向乘子法逐道分解地震信号,但实际应用中交替方向乘子法计算效率高但精度不足,难以满足高保真地震数据处理的要求。通过结合迭代重加权和交替方向乘子法2种算法,提出了一种新的基于迭代重加权交替方向乘子法的联合稀疏表示方法,兼具收敛速度快和重建精度高的优点。共偏移距道集地震数据具有水平同相轴结构,满足共稀疏性条件,将联合稀疏表示算法应用于共偏移距道集就能够利用信号的空间相干性,提高去噪算法性能。理论和实际资料试算结果表明,所提算法具有较好的应用效果。

A Bregman-style Partially Symmetric Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers for Nonconvex Multi-block Optimization

The alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)is one of the most successful and powerful methods for separable minimization optimization.Based on the idea of symmetric ADMM in two-block optimization,we add an updating formula for the Lagrange multiplier without restricting its position for multiblock one.Then,combining with the Bregman distance,in this work,a Bregman-style partially symmetric ADMM is presented for nonconvex multi-block optimization with linear constraints,and the Lagrange multiplier is updated twice with different relaxation factors in the iteration scheme.Under the suitable conditions,the global convergence,strong convergence and convergence rate of the presented method are analyzed and obtained.Finally,some preliminary numerical results are reported to support the correctness of the theoretical assertions,and these show that the presented method is numerically effective.

A New Stopping Criterion for Eckstein and Bertsekas’s Generalized Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers

In this paper,we propose a new stopping criterion for Eckstein and Bertsekas’s generalized alternating direction method of multipliers.The stopping criterion is easy to verify,and the computational cost is much less than the classical stopping criterion in the highly influential paper by Boyd et al.(Found Trends Mach Learn 3(1):1–122,2011).

Stochastic Accelerated Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers for Hedging Communication Noise in Combined Heat and Power Dispatch

Combined heat and power dispatch(CHPD)opens a new window for increasing operational flexibility and reducing wind power curtailment.Electric power and district heating systems are independently controlled by different system operators;therefore,a decentralized solution paradigm is necessary for CHPD,in which only minor boundary information is required to be exchanged via a communication network.However,a nonideal communication environment with noise could lead to divergence or incorrect solutions of decentralized algorithms.To bridge this gap,this paper proposes a stochastic accelerated alternating direction method of multipliers(SA-ADMM)for hedging communication noise in CHPD.This algorithm provides a general framework to address more types of constraint sets and separable objective functions than the existing stochastic ADMM.Different from the single noise sources considered in the existing stochastic approximation methods,communication noise from multiple sources is addressed in both the local calculation and the variable update stages.Case studies of two test systems validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed SAADMM.

A Symmetric Linearized Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers for a Class of Stochastic Optimization Problems

Alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)receives much attention in the recent years due to various demands from machine learning and big data related optimization.In 2013,Ouyang et al.extend the ADMM to the stochastic setting for solving some stochastic optimization problems,inspired by the structural risk minimization principle.In this paper,we consider a stochastic variant of symmetric ADMM,named symmetric stochastic linearized ADMM(SSL-ADMM).In particular,using the framework of variational inequality,we analyze the convergence properties of SSL-ADMM.Moreover,we show that,with high probability,SSL-ADMM has O((ln N)·N^(-1/2))constraint violation bound and objective error bound for convex problems,and has O((ln N)^(2)·N^(-1))constraint violation bound and objective error bound for strongly convex problems,where N is the iteration number.Symmetric ADMM can improve the algorithmic performance compared to classical ADMM,numerical experiments for statistical machine learning show that such an improvement is also present in the stochastic setting.

Two-stage ADMM-based distributed optimal reactive power control method for wind farms considering wake effects

Since the connection of small-scale wind farms to distribution networks,power grid voltage stability has been reduced with increasing wind penetration in recent years,owing to the variable reactive power consumption of wind generators.In this study,a two-stage reactive power optimization method based on the alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)algorithm is proposed for achieving optimal reactive power dispatch in wind farm-integrated distribution systems.Unlike existing optimal reactive power control methods,the proposed method enables distributed reactive power flow optimization with a two-stage optimization structure.Furthermore,under the partition concept,the consensus protocol is not needed to solve the optimization problems.In this method,the influence of the wake effect of each wind turbine is also considered in the control design.Simulation results for a mid-voltage distribution system based on MATLAB verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Lowering the Error Floor of ADMM Penalized Decoder for LDPC Codes

Decoding by alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM) is a promising linear programming decoder for low-density parity-check(LDPC) codes. In this paper, we propose a two-step scheme to lower the error floor of LDPC codes with ADMM penalized decoder.For the undetected errors that cannot be avoided at the decoder side, we modify the code structure slightly to eliminate low-weight code words. For the detected errors induced by small error-prone structures, we propose a post-processing method for the ADMM penalized decoder. Simulation results show that the error floor can be reduced significantly over three illustrated LDPC codes by the proposed two-step scheme.

基于自适应步长ADMM的柔性配电网光-储协同分布鲁棒优化配置

针对柔性配电网的显著分区特征以及光伏出力的不确定特性,提出了一种区域间分布式优化及区域内两阶段优化方法,建立了基于自适应步长交替方向乘子法的光-储协同分布鲁棒优化配置模型。基于耦合支路法将柔性互联装置解耦,通过一致性约束协调各区域间的边界条件,利用自适应步长交替方向乘子法进行全局迭代分布式优化。以最小化柔性配电网的投资运行总成本为优化目标,建立基于数据驱动的各子区域两阶段分布鲁棒优化模型,并提出一种交直流混合凸松弛方法处理非线性非凸模型以便快速求解。基于改进相对熵构建光伏典型出力场景的不确定概率分布模糊集,通过列与约束生成算法求解两阶段分布鲁棒优化模型。以改进的某实际293节点柔性配电网为算例验证所建模型的有效性。

联合协方差矩阵重构和ADMM的鲁棒波束形成

为解决传统波束形成器在干扰位置发生扰动和导向矢量失配时,造成自适应权重的不匹配,从而导致算法性能急剧下降,甚至期望信号相消的问题,提出一种联合协方差矩阵重构和交替方向乘子法(Alternating direction method of multipliers,ADMM)的鲁棒波束形成方法。对此,首先基于波束形成器最大输出功率准则,设计了求解最优导向矢量的优化模型。接着,根据Capon算法空间功率谱函数,利用定义的干扰范围对协方差矩阵进行重构,以展宽零陷并增强系统抗运动干扰能力。最后,关于导向矢量的二次不等式约束问题,本质为估计导向矢量和期望导向矢量间的差异,该方法利用ADMM对该二次规划问题进行迭代求解,并在每次迭代中获得导向矢量的具体解。另外,也分析了算法的复杂度。实验结果表明:对比现有的波束形成算法,在干扰处加宽了零陷,提高了波束的抗干扰性;结合复杂度也证明了其计算速度优于现有的算法,并且能够很好地校正失配导向矢量。本方法也为求解二次不等式约束问题和提高波束形成算法性能提供了一种思路和途径。

A Coastal Zone Segmentation Variational Model and Its Accelerated ADMM Method

Effective and efficient SAR image segmentation has a significant role in coastal zone interpretation. In this paper, a coastal zone segmentation model is proposed based on Potts model. By introducing edge self-adaption parameter and modifying noisy data term, the proposed variational model provides a good solution for the coastal zone SAR image with common characteristics of inherent speckle noise and complicated geometrical details. However, the proposed model is difficult to solve due to to its nonlinear, non-convex and non-smooth characteristics. Followed by curve evolution theory and operator splitting method, the minimization problem is reformulated as a constrained minimization problem. A fast alternating minimization iterative scheme is designed to implement coastal zone segmentation. Finally, various two-stage and multiphase experimental results illustrate the advantage of the proposed segmentation model, and indicate the high computation efficiency of designed numerical approximation algorithm.

基于ADMM算法的机载太赫兹SAR成像高频振动补偿

太赫兹波具有频率高、波长短的特点,因此相对于传统的工作在微波波段的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR),太赫兹SAR具有高成像分辨率,并在视频SAR、慢动目标检测等方面具有显著的优势。但与此同时,太赫兹SAR也对雷达平台的高频振动非常敏感。对于机载太赫兹SAR,由于气流和载机自身飞行特性的影响,载机存在高频振动,会造成回波信号的相位误差,并使成像结果出现鬼影目标和散焦现象,严重恶化成像质量。为了实现聚焦成像,需要对机载太赫兹SAR的进行高频振动补偿。不同于现有的将高频振动建模为多个简谐运动之和形式的算法,本文提出了一种基于交替方向乘子法(Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers,ADMM)的高频误差补偿方法,无须对高频振动进行建模,可以补偿更复杂的高频振动相位误差。首先通过对接收到的回波信号使用方位向快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier Transform,FFT)得到粗聚焦的图像,然后将振动补偿问题转化为图像的l1范数最小化问题,引入辅助变量构造目标函数并使用ADMM算法求解。在ADMM算法迭代过程的每次循环中,利用图像熵最小化准则对相位误差进行更新。最后利用估计得到的相位误差构造相位补偿信号,用于补偿太赫兹SAR回波信号的相位误差。对点目标和分布式场景的仿真实验结果验证了该方法的有效性,且在低信噪比条件下也能获得聚焦良好的图像。

基于ADMM-GBS的考虑风光不确定性的智能电网实时电价策略

实时电价是智能电网需求侧管理的有效方法,对于维持电力供需平衡、削峰填谷至关重要。为提高实时电价模型的低碳经济性和精确性,在充分考虑用户与供电侧双方利益前提下提出碳交易机制,并根据新能源的发电特性构建风光出力不确定模型,建立以用户总效用最大、供电侧成本最小为目标的社会福利最大化实时电价模型。提出基于改进交替方向乘子法(alternating direction method of multiplier, ADMM),即高斯回代交替方向乘子法(ADMM with Gaussian back substitution, ADMM-GBS)的分布式优化调度方法,通过将不确定模型转化为确定模型求解。仿真结果表明,所提实时电价策略能够提升社会福利,验证了模型和算法的有效性。

基于MDP-ADMM的数据中心储能系统优化运行方法

为了缓解数据中心综合运行成本高、电网侧负荷峰谷差大的问题,提出一种基于马尔可夫决策过程与交替方向乘子法结合的数据中心储能系统优化运行方法。首先,分析了数据中心的基本结构,并对数据中心主要设备的功耗特性以及数据中心负荷在时间维度上灵活转移的特性进行分析;其次,考虑数据中心供电可靠性、储能系统充放电功率限制、充放电损耗成本等因素,建立以综合运行成本最小和削峰填谷效果最佳为目标的储能系统优化运行模型;然后,针对模型具有多时段耦合的特点,采用马尔可夫决策过程对其解耦重构,利用交替方向乘子法对重构后的问题进行迭代求解;最后,在MATLAB仿真环境下,对某大型数据中心进行仿真分析,仿真结果验证了所提优化运行方法的有效性与合理性。