Design and Synthesis of a Highly Stable Six-hydrogen-bonded Serfassembly Yellowish Green Electroluminescent Molecular Duplex

This paper describes the design, synthesis and characterization of a hydrogen-bonded molecular duplex with 1,8-naphthalimide fluorescent pendants. The two oligoamide molecular strands, with complementary hydrogen bond sequences of DDADAA and AADADD, can form an ultra stable self-assembly duplex. Its molecular structure was confu-med by ^1H NMR and ESI-MS, and its photoluminescence properties were determined. The resulting duplex exhibited a dramatically enhanced photoluminescence （PL） quantum efficiency of 63.7% compared to the corresponding 1,8-naphthalimide segment （32.4%）, suggesting that the formation of the duplex with larger molecular weight could successfully inhibit the quenching of the fluorescent pendant. This novel duplex is a prospective candidate for new electroluminescent emitter.

Bright Red Organic Electroluminescent Devices Based on a Soluble Rare Earth Complex Eu(TTA)_3 Phen

An Electroluminescent device with PVK film doped with Eu(TTA) 3 Phen and PBD was fabricated. The device structure of glass substrate/indium tin oxide/PPV/PVK∶ Eu(TTA) 3 Phen∶PBD/Alq 3/Al was employed. A sharply red electroluminescence with a maximum luminance of 56.8 cd/m 2 at 48 V was achieved.

Determination of aniline in environmental water samples by alternating-current oscillopolarographic titration

A new method for the determination of aniline in environmental water based on oscillopolarographic titration was presented in this paper. Several factors including the kind, concentration, and volume of acid, the dosage of potassium bromide, the temperature and concentration of concomitant substances were investigated in detail. The experimental results indicated that this method was simple, rapid, and sensitive. The linear range was 8.367 × 10(?4) to 2.789 × 10(?2) mol L(?1), the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) was lower than 0.96%, and the spiked recoveries of aniline in environmental water samples were in the range of 99.4–106.9% under the optimal conditions. The results indicated that the present method could be used as an alternative method for aniline determination in realworld water samples.

Exciplex formation and electroluminescent absorption in ultraviolet organic light-emitting diodes

We investigated the formation of exciplex and electroluminescent absorption in ultraviolet organic light-emitting diodes（UV OLEDs） using different heterojunction structures.It is found that an energy barrier of over 0.3 eV between the emissive layer（EML） and adjacent transport layer facilitates exciplex formation.The electron blocking layer effectively confines electrons in the EML,which contributes to pure UV emission and enhances efficiency.The change in EML thickness generates tunable UV emission from 376 nm to 406 nm.In addition,the UV emission excites low-energy organic function layers and produces photoluminescent emission.In UV OLED,avoiding the exciplex formation and averting light absorption can effectively improve the purity and efficiency.A maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.2%with a UV emission peak of 376 nm is realized.

An Organic Quantum-Well Electroluminescent Device with Enhanced Performance

An organic electroluminescent (EL) device has been constructed with a double quantum-well structure consisting of N, N'-bis-(1-naphthl)-N,N'-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (NPB) doped with 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphthacene (rubrene) as a potential well and emitter, and undoped NPB as a barrier potential. The maximum ELefficiency and brightness reach 5.6cd/A and 40000cd/m^(2), respectively. Most importantly, with the increase of the drive voltage, the EL efficiency (cd/A) declines very slowly after reaching its maximum, almost independent of the drive voltage in a wide range from 5 to 13 V. This characteristic may be useful in the improvement of the lifetime of the device.

Rapid determination of phenolic compounds in water samples by alternating-current oscillopolarographic titration

A rapid, simple and sensitive method was demonstrated for the determination of phenolic compounds in water samples by alternating-current oscillopolarographic titration. With the presence of sulfuric acid, phenol could be transferred into a nitroso-compound by reacting with NaNO2. The titration end-point was obtained by the formation of a sharp cut in the oscillopolarographic with infinitesimal NaNO2 on double platinum electrodes. The results showed that phenol had an excellent linear relationship over the range of 4.82×10^-6 -9.65×10^-3 mol/L, the RSD of the proposed method was lower than 1.5%, and the spiked recoveries of three real water samples were in the range of 95.6%-106.9%.

Experimental design to measure the anchoring energy on substrate surface by using the alternating-current bridge

The anchoring property of the substrate surface of liquid crystal cells plays an important role in display and nondisplay fields. This property directly affects the deformation of liquid crystal molecules to change the phase difference through liquid crystal cells. In this paper, a test method based on the alternating-current bridge is proposed to determine the capacitance of liquid crystal cells and thus measure the anchoring energy of the substrate surface. The anchoring energy can be obtained by comparing the capacitance-voltage curves of twisted nematic liquid crystal cells with different anchoring properties in experimental and theoretical results simulated on the basis of Frank elastic theory. Compared with the other methods to determine the anchoring energy, our proposed method requires a simple treatment of liquid crystal cells and allows easy and high-accuracy measurements, thereby expanding the test ideas on the performance parameters of liquid crystal devices.

A new dimmer for alternating-current directly driven light-emitting-diode lamp

A new dimmer using a mental-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) for alternating-current (AC) directly driven light-emitting-diode (LED) lamp was presented. The control method of proposed dimmer is pulse width control (PWM) method. Compared with the conventional phase-controlled dimmer, the proposed PWM dimmer can produce sine wave and did not cause harmonics problem. Furthermore, the proposed control method did not amplify the light flicker due to the independence of input voltage. Therefore, the PWM dimmer can be used as the dimmer of the AC LED lamp instead of the conventional phase-controlled dimmer. The experimental result shows that the proposed PWM dimmer has good performances.

Alternating-current losses in two-layer superconducting cables consisting of second-generation superconductors coated by U-shaped ferromagnetic materials

Alternating-current losses in a two-layer superconducting cable, each layer being composed of 15 closely-spaced rectangular wires made up of second-generation superconductors when the ends of wires are coated by either a non-magnetic or strong ferromagnetic material having a U profile is numerically investigated. Computations are carried out through the finite-element method. The alternating-current losses do not increase significantly if the relative permeability of the coating is increased three orders of magnitude, provided that the current amplitude is less than half of the critical current in a superconducting wire. However, the losses are much higher for ferromagnetic coating if the amplitude of the applied current oscillating at 50 Hz is close to the critical current. The ferromagnetic coating is seen to accumulate the magnetic field lines normally on its surfaces, while the field lines are parallel to the long axes of the wires, leading to more significant flux penetration in the coated regions. This facilitates a uniform low-loss current flow in the uncoated regions of the wires. In contrast, coating with a non-magnetic material gives rise to a considerably smaller current flow in the uncoated regions, whereas the low-loss flow is maintained in the coated regions. Moreover, the current flows in opposite directions in the coated and uncoated regions, where the direction in each region is converse for the two materials.

Passive Matrix Organic Electroluminescent Display for 3G Cellular Phone

The major features of the display technologies for 3G cellular phone are reviewed. The comparison between their potential candidates for 3G cellular phone is given, and a detailed discussion is made on passive matrix organic electroluminescent display technology. A novel method to improve display contrast ratio is presented. Finally several 3G phone set prototypes with OLED display panels are given as well as the market forecast.

A New Distyrylarylene Derivative Used as Blue Light Emitter in Organic Electroluminescent Device

A new blue electroluminescent material, distyrylarylene(DSA) derivative, 4,4' bis[2,2 (1 naphthyl,phenyl)vinyl] 1,1' biphenyl(NPVBi) is designed and synthesized. The DSA derivative shows better thermal stability because of its high glass transition temperature. A blue organic light emitting diode(OLED) with the structure ITO/TPD/NPVBi/Alq/LiF/Al is studied. The electroluminescent(EL) spectrum of the OLED exhibits that light emission originates from NPVBi with a peak at 460 nm, its Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage(CIE) color coordinates are x=0.16, y=0.15, and showing independence of CIE color coordinates on current density. The new DSA derivative is expectable as a new candidate for blue light emitter in OLEDs.

Electroluminescent Property of A Novel Co-Doped Rare Earth Complex

A novel co-doped rare earth complex Gd0.5Eu0.5（TTA）3Dipy was synthesized and chosen as the emitter material in the organic electroluminescent device ITO/PVK：Gd0.5 Eu0.5 （TTA）3Dipy/PBD/A1. It was proved that there was Forster energy transfer from Gd^3＋ to Eu^3＋. The electroluminescent mechanism of the device was proposed by measuring and analyzing the emission and the excitation spectra of the emissive layer. Gd^3＋ might play the role of promoting the en- ergy transfer from PVK to Eu^3＋ and inhibiting an intrinsic luminescence of PVK. The device displayed red light with good monochromaticity. The possible energy transfer process of the device was preliminarily discussed.

SYNTHESIS OF POLY(2,5-DIPHENYL-1,3,4-THIADIAZOLYL)-4,4'-VINYLENE AND ITS ELECTROLUMINESCENT PERFORMANCE

The synthesis, characterization and electroluminescence performance of a new type of conjugatedpolymer, poly(2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazolyl)-4,4'-vinylene (TPPV) are presented. A light-emitting diodeconsisted of ITO/TPPV/Al is driven at about 4.0 V and has a peak emission wavelength of 485 nm. Thisblue-shift of the peak is due to the decrease of conjugate degree of TPPV compared to PPV. This result is inaccord with that determined by XPS and theoretical model of MNDO/3

Photoluminescent and Electroluminescent Properties of Ligand Emitting Y^(3+), La^(3+), Gd^(3+) and Lu^(3+) Complexes

The photoluminescent (PL) and electroluminescent (EL) properties of a series of ligand emitting rare earth complexes (including Y^(3+), La^(3+), Gd^(3+) and Lu^(3+)) were systematically studied. These complexes have the same anionic ligand, 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-isobutyryl-5-pyrazoloneate (PMIP), and three neutral ligands, triphenyl phosphine oxide (TPPO), 2, 2′-dipyridine (Bipy) and phenanthroline (Phen). Measured with 60 nm thin film of these complexes vaporized in vacuum on quartz substrates, a good regularity in the PL properties was observed. For rational comparison, the same structural EL devices based on these complexes, ITO/PVK (40 nm)/the complex (80 nm)/Mg: Ag (200 nm)/Ag (100 nm), were fabricated. Excluding the exciplex emission happens, the EL luminance usually increases with the increasing of PL efficiency.

Study of Electroplex Emission from Organic Electroluminescent Devices with Rare Earth Complex

A novel organic electroluminescent device was made with the structure of ITO/PVK：Tb0.5Eu0.5（TTA）3 Dipy/ BCP/Alq3/Al（a） which utilized the rare earth complex Tb0.5Eu0.5（TTA）3 Dipy as the emitting layer. When it was driven under a direct electric field, 612 nm emission from EU^3＋ and 410 nm emission from PVK were observed. In addition, in the EL spectrum a new peak at 490 nm appeared. From the analysis of different devices, the mechanism of the new emission was studied. It was concluded that the new emission was the electroplex originating from the interface between the ligand （TTA）3Dipy and BCP.

Synthesis and Color-tunable Fluorescence Properties of Schiff Base Zinc (II) Complexes Used as Electroluminescent Materials

Four kinds of bis(N-alkylsalicylaldiminato) zinc(II) complexes were synthesized, and their molecular structures were determined by FT-IR and elemental analysis. Their photoluminescence properties were determined, which indicated that they could emit strong fluorescence varying from blue to yellow to reddish orange depending on their different molecular structures. They had good thermostability, solubility and film forming capability, and can be used as organic lectroluminescent materials. These new complexes may afford the feasibility to realize full-color display with materials based on similar molecular structures.

Blue Emission from Exciplex in Electroluminescent Devices Made from Vinyl Polymer and Oxadiazole Derivative

Two types of molecular and polymer devices employing (2-(4′-biphenyl)-5-(4″-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole) (PBD) and poly(N-vinylcarbazole)(PVK) as electron transport and hole transport materials, respectively, have been fabricated. The structures of these two devices are ITO/PVK(70 nm)/PBD(60 nm)/Al and ITO/PVK∶PBD(1∶1 by mass, 70 nm)/Al. The formation of exciplex is evident by comparing the electroluminescence (EL) of a bi-layer device and the photoluminescence (PL) of a PVK and PBD mixed film. The maximum emission energy of exciplex evaluated is consistent with the peak emission of EL. Blue emissions from both devices are obtained. The type of exicplex is interpreted based on the energy level diagram of the bi-layer device.

Optical Properties, Electronic Energy Level Structure and Electroluminescent Characteristics of Salicylaldehyde Anil Zinc

A new electroluminescent material, salicylaldehyde anil zinc （SAZ） was synthesized, which can form high quality, thermal stability, nano-scale amorphous films by vacuum evaporation. Its structure, thermal stability were characterized by infrared （IR） spectra, differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetry （DTA-TG） analysis, respectively. The optical properties of SAZ were investigated by UV absorption spectra, Photoluminescence （PL） excitation and emission spectra. The highest occupied molecular orbits （HOMO）, lowest unoccupied molecular orbits （LUMO） and optical band gap were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry curve and optical absorption band edge. The electroluminescent devices using SAZ as the emissive layer emit green light with a peak wavelength at 509 nm and a brightness of about 3.1 cd/m^2.

Fabrication of Green Electroluminescent Devices

A gadolinium ternary complex, tris(1 phenyl 3 methyl 4 isobutyryl 5 pyrazolone) (2, 2′ dipyridyl) gadolinium Gd(PMIP) 3(Bipy) was synthesized and used as a light emitting material in the organic electroluminescent devices. The devices exhibited the green electroluminescent (EL) emission peaking at 513 nm, originating from the Gd(PMIP) 3(Bipy). By improving the configuration, the device with a structure of ITO/poly(N vinylcarbazole) (PVK) (40 nm)/Gd(PMIP) 3(Bipy) (40 nm)/tris (8 hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (ALQ) (40 nm)/Mg∶Ag(200 nm)/Ag(100 nm) showed higher performance and a maximum luminance of 340 cd·m -2 at 18 V.

Organic Electroluminescent Device Based on TPP

A kind of pyrazoline derivative 1, 3 -bis(phenyl)- 5 - (2 -phenanthrene)-2-pyrazo line(TPP) was synthesized in order to obtain stable film and applied to organic electroluminecsent diode as hole transporting material. Two devices with structures as indium-tin-oxide(ITO) /TPP (50 nm)/tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum(Alq3) (50 nm)/A1 (1 5 0 nm) and ITO /TPP (5 0 nm)/lithium tera- (8 -hydroxy-uinolinato)boron(LiBq4(5 0nm)/Alq3 (5 nm)/Al (l 5 0 nm) were fabricated, they showed good e electroluminescent(EL)performance and TPP was proved to be a good hole transporting material.