Pluripotent stem cells （PSCs） have the potential to pro- duce any types of cells from all three basic germ layers and the capacity to self-renew and proliferate indefinitely in vitro. The two main types of PSCs, emb...Pluripotent stem cells （PSCs） have the potential to pro- duce any types of cells from all three basic germ layers and the capacity to self-renew and proliferate indefinitely in vitro. The two main types of PSCs, embryonic stem cells （ESCs） and induced pluripotent stem cells （iPSCs）, share common features such as colony morphology, high expression of Oct4 and Nanog, and strong alkaline phosphatase activity. In recent years, increasing evi- dences suggest that telomere length represents another important internal factor in maintaining stem cell pluri- potency. Telomere length homeostasis and its structural integrity help to protect chromosome ends from recom- bination, end fusion, and DNA damage responses, ensuring the divisional ability of mammalian cells. PSCs generally exhibit high telomerase activity to maintain their extremely long and stable telomeres, and emerging data indicate the alternative lengthening of telomeres （ALT） pathway may play an important role in telomere functions too. Such characteristics are likely key to their abilities to differentiate into diverse cell types in v/vo. In this review, we will focus on the function and regulation of telomeres in ESCs and iPSCs, thereby shedding light on the importance of telomere length to pluripotency and the mechanisms that regulate telomeres in PSCs.展开更多
文摘Pluripotent stem cells （PSCs） have the potential to pro- duce any types of cells from all three basic germ layers and the capacity to self-renew and proliferate indefinitely in vitro. The two main types of PSCs, embryonic stem cells （ESCs） and induced pluripotent stem cells （iPSCs）, share common features such as colony morphology, high expression of Oct4 and Nanog, and strong alkaline phosphatase activity. In recent years, increasing evi- dences suggest that telomere length represents another important internal factor in maintaining stem cell pluri- potency. Telomere length homeostasis and its structural integrity help to protect chromosome ends from recom- bination, end fusion, and DNA damage responses, ensuring the divisional ability of mammalian cells. PSCs generally exhibit high telomerase activity to maintain their extremely long and stable telomeres, and emerging data indicate the alternative lengthening of telomeres （ALT） pathway may play an important role in telomere functions too. Such characteristics are likely key to their abilities to differentiate into diverse cell types in v/vo. In this review, we will focus on the function and regulation of telomeres in ESCs and iPSCs, thereby shedding light on the importance of telomere length to pluripotency and the mechanisms that regulate telomeres in PSCs.
