Influences of ZrO_2-SiC Composite Powder and Commercial SiC on Properties of Al_2O_3-C Refractories

In order to improve oxidation resistance and ther- mal shock resistance of Al2O3-C refractories, two groups of specimens were prepared with phenolic resin as binder, adding 0, 2 wt% , 4 wt% and 6 wt% commercial SiC or ZrO2-SiC composite powder synthesized from zircon respectively to Al2O3- C refractories, pressing at 200 MPa, drying fully at 250℃, and then carbon embedded firing at 1400℃ for 2 h. Oxidation resistance and thermal shock resistance were researched, phase composition was analyzed by XRD. The results showed that the oxidation of SiC in additives could protect carbon in specimens effectively and thus decreased the mass loss ratio and oxidation area, and improved the oxidation resistance of the specimen. Thermal shock resistance was improved owing to the micro crack toughening of ZrO2 and grain toughening of SiC. In this experiment, the specimens with 6 wt% ZrO2 -SiC composite powder or 6 wt% SiC powder had the best oxidation resistance and thermal shock resistance.

Development and Application of Al_2O_3-Si_3N_4 Refractories Used in Blast Furnace

Newly developed Al2O3-Si3N4 composite refractories used for blast furnace is introduced in this work. Al2O3-Si3N4 composite refractories attacked by alkali vapor and blast furnace slag was investigated. High performance Al2O3-Si3N4 composite refractories was produced and used at both 2560m^3 blast furnaces of Tan-gsteel and No. 5 blast furnace of Shaosteel.

Refractories for RH Degassers and Ways of Improving Their Lining Life

This paper attempts to clarify the systematic works of the refractories for the RH degassers and the ways of improving their lining life. It includes ： （ 1 ） types of RH degassers ; （2） the operating conditions of refining and the severely damaged areas in RH degassers ; （3） the reasons why side wall and bottom of lower vessel, throat and snorkels become the severe wear areas are analyzed, such as erosion and abrasion caused by the high circula- tion rate of treated molten steel, thermal and structural spalling by the violent temperature change, high corrosion by the Fe-oxides containing siliceous slag and CaF：riched desulfurization powders attack, degradation of texture by the vaporization of refractory components in vacuum and in oxygen blowing; besides the above men- tioned factors, what other reasons to make the snorkels become the most quick wear elements are also explained; （4） the studies of resistance to refining slags attack and slag penetration and its prevention ; the evaluation of va- rious refractory materials to withstand the attack of slags is based on the experimental results of rotating cylinder method, rotary drum test and induction furnace test, and the phase diagrams analyses; the measures to reduce the slag penetration are discussed, for example the deep of slag penetration can be decreased by reducing the size of brick pores ; （5） suitable refractory materials selection and recent developments for the different severe wear areas in RH, and lining maintenance; （6） refractories for RH to refine silicon steel; （7） the ways of improving RH lining life.

Reuse and Reproduction of Used Refractories

The paper analyzed the recycle condition and developing trend of used refractories China and other countries, irwluding research achievements of recycles of used refractories such as MgO-C bricks, Al2O3-MgO-C brics, Al2O3-SiC-C castable and MgO-Cr2O3 bricks. Recycled refractories exhibit the same or even better properties as compared with the original. In addition, prospects for recycle of used refractories are also discusseded.

Effect of Mild-calcined Coal Gangue Additionon Hot Strength and Refractoriness Under Loadof Ultra Low Cement Castablesin Al_2O_3-SiO_2 System

This work explored the way to improve hot modulus q/＇ rupture （HMOR） and refractoriness under load （RUL） by adding mild-calcined coal gangue （MCG） in Al2O3 -SiO2 ultra low cement （ULC） castables, making use of the in-situ effect of the MCG during heating-up. The influence of respective additions of 5%, 10% and 1.5% of the MCG powders calcined at 700℃ was investigated on HMOR at 1400 ℃ and RUL of the castables. With increased addition of the MCG, HMOR and RUL become significantly enhanced. At 10% of the MCG addition, HMOR reaches 3 MPa, as compared to 0. 3 MPa in the case of no MCG addition. RUL of the specimens dried at 110 ℃for 24 h can be increased by some 270 ℃ with 10% of the MCG addition. RUL 0.11 the specimens preheated at 1 500℃ for 3 h maintains the growth trend with the MCG addition increasing. The microstructure of the heated castable samples was investigated by means of SEM. The in-situ formed needle-like and interlaced mullite in the matrix is contributive to the tmprovement.

环境气氛对煤灰在Al_2O_3-Cr_2O_3-ZrO_2材料上结渣的影响

以白刚玉、α-Al2O3粉、锆英石和氧化铬为主要原料,在200 MPa油压机上压制成50 mm×50 mm×5 mm的试样,在空气气氛中于1 500℃煅烧5 h,制得Al2O3-Cr2O3-ZrO2试样。将0.6 g变形温度约为1 120℃的云贵煤灰平铺在Al2O3-Cr2O3-ZrO2试样上,然后放入马弗炉中分别在空气和弱还原性气氛下于1 250℃煅烧5 h,随炉冷却后观察煤灰在Al2O3-Cr2O3-ZrO2试样上的结渣情况,并进行SEM及EDS分析。结果表明:在弱还原气氛条件下,煤灰在Al2O3-Cr2O3-ZrO2上的结渣非常致密;而在空气气氛条件下,煤灰与Al2O3-Cr2O3-ZrO2材料间的粘接比较疏松,两者间没有明显的相互渗透。

Cr_2O_3-Al_2O_3砖中不同组成Cr_2O_3-Al_2O_3电熔颗粒料的抗侵蚀研究

首先以不同比例的铬绿和氧化铝粉电熔制得Cr2O3质量分数分别为15%、40%、50%、60%、85%、99%的6种Cr2O3-Al2O3电熔颗粒料（其编号依次为CR15、CR40、CR50、CR60、CR85和CR99）,然后采用回转渣蚀法研究了此电熔颗粒料（4~1 mm）的抗侵蚀性。结果显示：电熔颗粒料的抗侵蚀性随Cr2O3含量的增加及颗粒尺寸的增大而增强;高Cr2O3含量的CR99、CR85颗粒料在渣面层被侵蚀,主要是渣中的FeO和Al2O3对颗粒料的侵蚀,FeO与骨料中的Cr2O3反应,首先形成（Fe,Cr）3O4尖晶石,再与其他物相反应形成了复合尖晶石,当FeO耗尽后,渗入到颗粒内的Al2O3开始和Cr2O3反应,在颗粒表面形成铝铬固溶体;CR60颗粒料在渣面层和渗透层都存在侵蚀,渗透层的侵蚀主要是CaO、SiO2对颗粒料中铝铬固溶体中Al2O3的熔蚀,形成钙长石、钙黄长石以及玻璃相;Cr2O3含量较低的CR50、CR40、CR15颗粒料在渗透层内的侵蚀机制和CR60颗粒料的相同。

电熔锆莫来石对Al_2O_3-Cr_2O_3耐火材料抗热震性能的影响

为研究添加电熔锆莫来石颗粒对Al_2O_3-Cr_2O_3耐火材料抗热震性能的影响,以电熔刚玉、电熔氧化铬、氧化铬绿和煅烧α-Al_2O_3粉等为主要原料,分别添加10%(w)的电熔锆莫来石颗粒和3%(w)的m-ZrO_2微粉,对试样进行水冷法抗热震试验、模拟开停车热震试验(2001 600℃)和常温物理性能检测,并重点研究了电熔锆莫来石颗粒对试样抗热震性能的影响机制。结果表明:添加电熔锆莫来石颗粒和m-ZrO_2微粉没有对烧后试样的常温物理性能和显微结构造成较大影响;添加电熔锆莫来石颗粒可以显著提高Al_2O_3-Cr_2O_3试样抗热震性能,效果与添加m-ZrO_2微粉试样的相同;电熔锆莫来石颗粒在烧成过程中析出的SiO_2相,增强了电熔锆莫来石颗粒与基质的结合程度,引导裂纹向电熔锆莫来石颗粒内部扩展,且电熔锆莫来石的共晶及多裂纹结构对裂纹的扩展起"分裂"和"吸收"等作用,从而使得添加电熔锆莫来石的试样获得优异的抗热震性能。

Thermodynamic Evaluation of Cr_2O_3-Al_2O_3 Refractory Corrosion by Smelting Reduction Ironmaking Slag

The interfacial reactions of Cr2O3- Al2O3 refractory materials with smelting reduction ironmaking slag were investigated by thermodynamic modeling. The calculation results indicated that different spinel phases were produced after the interactions between the slag and three types of refractory materials（ 10Cr2O3- 90Al2O3,50Cr2O3- 50Al2O3 and 90Cr2O3- 10Al2O3） at 1 500℃. Increased contents of Al2O3 and Cr2O3in the remained liquid slag after interaction implied the dissolution of refractory. Thermodynamic modeling predicted that the process of dissolution might lead to much deeper penetration into the refractory materials by the present compositional slag. Accordingly,corrosion testing was also conducted to validate the thermodynamic prediction.

Corrosion Resistance of Fused Cr_2O_3-Al_2O_3 Grains with Different Compositions

Six kinds of Cr2O3 - Al2 O3 fused grains （the mass percent of Cr203 was 15%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 85% and 99%, respectively ） were prepared using chrome green and Al203 powder as starting materials by electro-fnsion, named as CR15, CR40, CR50, CR60, CR85, and CR99, respectively. The corrosion resistance of the six kinds of Cr2O3- Al2O3.fused grains （4-1 ram） was studied using rotary slag corrosion method. The results show that： （ 1 ） the corrosion resistance of the fused grains increases with the Cr203 content and the grain size increasing; （2）the grains of CR99 and CR85 with higher Cr2O3 content are corroded at the slag surJace layer, because FeO and Al2O3. in the slag corrode the grains ; FeO reacts with Cr2O3 in the aggregates.forming （Fe, Cr ）3O4 ,spinel firstly, and the spinel reacts with other phases forming composite spinel; when FeO is fidly consumed, Al2 O3 penetrated into the grains reacts with Cr2O3 Jorming Al2O3 - Cr2O3 solid solution on the grains surface; （3） for CR60, the corrosion exists both in the slag surface layer and in the penetration layer; in the penetration layer, CaO and SiO2 react with Al2O3 in Al2O3 - Cr2O3 solid solution forming anorthite , gehlenite ,and glass phase; the grains of CR50, CR40 and CRI5 have the same corrosion mechanism with CR60 in the penetration layer.

RH炉和水煤浆加压气化炉中含铬耐火砖的应用与损毁机理

RH炉和水煤浆加压气化炉中均广泛使用了含铬耐火砖,分别为镁铬砖和铬铝锆砖,评述了这两种含铬耐火砖在相应高温炉中的应用和损毁机理。RH炉用镁铬砖研究进展包括RH炉及镁铬砖的发展、镁铬砖的损毁机理、镁铬砖的改性研究等三个方面。水煤浆加压气化炉用铬铝锆砖研究进展包括水煤浆加压气化炉及铬铝锆砖的简介、铬铝锆砖的损毁机理等两个方面。最后对RH炉用镁铬砖和水煤浆加压气化炉用铬铝锆砖的应用和研究进行了展望。

Al_2O_3对镁铬耐火材料致密化的影响

为了提高镁铬耐火材料的烧结性能,通过考察气孔率、体积密度和常温耐压强度与Al2O3加入量之间的关系,讨论了Al2O3添加剂对两种不同镁铬耐火材料致密化的影响.结果表明,镁铬耐火材料的骨料不同,Al2O3对其烧结性能和致密化的影响也不一样.

还原铝铬渣作为耐火原料取代白刚玉的可行性研究

为开发性能相当、成本低廉的白刚玉替代品,测试了还原铝铬渣的各项基本性能,并与电熔白刚玉的各项性能进行对比,同时还对比了还原铝铬渣和电熔白刚玉在Al_2O_3-SiC-C浇注料中的使用情况。结果表明:1)还原铝铬渣主成分为Al_2O_3,其含量达98%(w)以上,热导率为28.7 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)(1 400℃),热膨胀系数为8.3×10^(-6)℃^(-1)(1 400℃),耐火度高,抗渣侵蚀性优异。2)还原铝铬渣除显气孔率略高外,其他各项性能均与电熔白刚玉的相当,基本确定其可作为耐火原料使用。3)将还原铝铬渣作为耐火原料替代电熔白刚玉应用于Al_2O_3-SiC-C浇注料后,试样常温、高温各项性能变化不大,对试样的物相无明显影响,满足作为耐火原料的使用要求。

不同熔渣对钢包铝镁铬材料渣蚀行为的影响

选取冶炼取向硅钢和铝镇静钢的精炼终渣及钢包用铝镁铬砖,采用静态坩埚法于1600℃×3h下进行熔渣侵蚀试验,对渣蚀后试样作显微结构分析,并测定熔渣的化学成分和熔化温度。结果显示,随着熔渣中Al2O3含量的升高和碱度的增加,熔渣的熔点升高,粘度增加。粘度较大的熔渣与耐火材料接触后扩散较慢,对耐火材料的侵蚀和渗透减弱。并且当熔渣与耐火材料的反应产物为高熔点的CA2、CA6和MA尖晶石相且连续交错分布时,能堵塞液相扩散通道,抑制熔渣向耐火材料内部的进一步渗透。

添加物对高铬耐火材料结构与性能的影响

研究了Al2 O3和ZrO2 对水煤浆加压气化炉用高铬耐火材料结构与性能的影响。结果表明 :Al2 O3能有效提高高铬材料的致密化程度 ;适量的ZrO2 能够明显地改善高铬耐火材料的抗热震性能。颗粒与基质比较紧密的结合 ,粒状和环状(Cr,Al) 2 O3固溶体的共存 ,以及增韧相ZrO2 均匀分布的显微结构特征 ,都是高铬耐火材料具有较好综合性能的内在因素。

铬精矿细粉添加量对铜冶炼炉用铝铬材料性能的影响

为了充分利用铝铬渣资源,并提高铜冶炼炉用铝铬材料的性能,以铝铬渣制备的铬刚玉、铬精矿细粉、部分稳定氧化锆微粉、Cr_2O_3粉和α-Al_2O_3微粉为主要原料,以磷酸二氢铝为结合剂,研究了铬精矿细粉添加量(加入质量分数分别为10%、15%、20%、25%和29%)对试样经1 600℃保温3 h烧后的显微结构、物相组成、常温性能及抗渣性能的影响。结果表明:随着铬精矿细粉加入量的增加,试样的致密度增大,常温力学性能呈现先增加后降低的趋势;铬精矿的加入增加了试样中的铬含量,从而提高了铝铬固溶体的含量,在炉衬和熔渣接触面上生成的高熔点铁铬尖晶石或铁铝尖晶石,黏附在炉衬上形成保护层,提高铬刚玉砖的抗渣性能。加入25%(w)铬精矿时,试样的综合性能最佳。

纳米Al_2O_3和Cr_2O_3对镁铬材料烧结与力学性能的影响

利用纳米粉的粒径小及活性高等特性,在镁铬材料中加入不同质量分数(分别为2%、4%、6%)的纳米A l2O3或纳米Cr2O3粉体,研究了这两种纳米粉取代相应的微粉后对不同温度烧成的镁铬耐火材料烧结与力学性能的影响。结果表明:适量地用纳米粉体取代相应微粉可有效改善镁铬材料的烧结,提高其常温与高温力学性能,且烧成温度越低,纳米粉对镁铬材料性能的提高作用越明显;在本试验的镁铬材料的颗粒级配条件下,两种纳米粉的加入质量分数均以4%为最佳;纳米A l2O3的加入能降低镁铬质耐火材料的烧结温度,加入4%质量分数的纳米A l2O3可降低约100℃。

铜冶炼炉用镁铝钛砖的研制

以电熔尖晶石(4～1 mm)、电熔镁砂(<4、<0.088 mm)及烧结镁砂(4～2、<2 mm)为主要原料,加入α-Al2O3细粉、锐钛矿型TiO2细粉,采用无机复合结合剂制成混合物料,经630 t摩擦压砖机将物料压制成230mm×115 mm×65 mm的标砖,干燥24 h后,经1 600℃高温烧制成镁铝钛砖,检测镁铝钛试验砖的体积密度、显气孔率及抗热震性,同时与镁铬砖及镁铝铬砖进行抗铜渣静态坩埚对比试验,并利用XRD、SEM观察分析烧后镁铝钛砖的相组成和显微结构。结果表明:TiO2细粉加入质量分数为2%的镁铝钛砖中,TiO2与方镁石反应生成Mg2TiO4尖晶石,随着Mg2TiO4被MgAl2O4吸收、固溶,形成新型方镁石-尖晶石-氧化钛硅酸盐系统的复相结构,改善了材料的结构,使其具有良好的烧结性和抗热震性;且镁铝钛砖的抗铜渣侵蚀性与镁铬砖的相当,有可能成为铜冶炼炉用环境友好型耐火材料。

废旧镁铬砖制备RH浸渍管喷补料的研究

以废旧镁铬砖为主要原料，采用Al2O3微粉为结合剂、Ca（H2PO4）2为促烧剂制备了RH浸渍管喷补料，研究了Al2O3微粉和Ca（H2PO4）2加入量对材料性能的影响。工业应用试验表明：加入4％的Al2O3微粉及2.5％～3％的Ca（H2PO4）2时，材料性能最好；新型RH喷补料使用效果良好，实现了废旧镁铬砖的回收再利用，保护了环境。

耐火材料损伤行为的特征分析

简要介绍了高铝质耐火材料、镁铬质耐火材料及镁碳质耐火材料的组成和应用特征,在此基础上系统举例分析了这些耐火材料的损伤行为特征,以及目前关于耐火材料损伤行为特征的研究进展,其中着重论述了数值模拟和数理模型方面具有代表性的研究成果。最后对这三种耐火材料的损伤行为特征进行了综合评述,并展望了数值模拟和数理模型在耐火材料损伤行为特征研究方面的发展前景。