Microstructure refinement of AZ31 alloy solidified with pulsed magnetic field

The effects of a pulsed magnetic field on the solidified microstructure of an AZ31 magnesium alloy were investigated.The experimental results show that the remarkable microstructural refinement is achieved when the pulsed magnetic field is applied to the solidification of the AZ31 alloy.The average grain size of the as-cast microstructure of the AZ31 alloy is refined to 107 μm.By quenching the AZ31 alloy, the different primary α-Mg microstructures are preserved during the course of solidification.The microstructure evolution reveals that the primary α-Mg generates and grows in globular shape with pulsed magnetic field, contrast with the dendritic shape without pulsed magnetic field.The pulsed magnetic field causes melt convection during solidification, which makes the temperature of the whole melt homogenized, and produces an undercooling zone in front of the liquid/solid interface, which makes the nucleation rate increased and big dendrites prohibited.In addition, the Joule heat effect induced in the melt also strengthens the grain refinement effect and spheroidization of dendrite arms.

Microstructure refinement of AZ91D alloy solidified with pulsed magnetic field

The effects of pulsed magnetic field on the solidified microstructure of an AZ91D magnesium alloy were investigated. The experimental results show that the remarkable microstructural refinement is achieved when the pulsed magnetic field is applied in the solidification of AZ91D alloy. The average grain size of the as-cast microstructure of AZ91D alloy is refined to 104 μm. Besides the grain refinement, the morphology of the primary α-Mg is changed from dendritic to rosette, then to globular shape with changing the parameters of the pulsed magnetic field. The pulsed magnetic field causes melt convection during solidification, which makes the temperature of the whole melt homogenized, and produces an undercooling zone in front of the liquid/solid interface by the magnetic pressure, which makes the nucleation rate increased and big dendrites prohibited. In addition, primary α-Mg dendrites break into fine crystals, resulting in a refined solidification structure of the AZ91D alloy. The Joule heat effect induced in the melt also strengthens the grain refinement effect and spheroidization of dendrite arms.

INFLUENCE OF PULSED MAGNETIC FIELD ON MICROSTRUC-TURES AND MACRO-SEGREGATION IN 2124 Al-ALLOY

The structures and macro-segregation of 2124 Al-alloy were studied when a pulsed magnetic field (PMF) was applied during solidification. It is found through experi-ments that a remarkable change occurs in the solidification structures of 2124 Al-alloy under pulsed magnetic field. The eutectic phase at grain boundaries change from thick continuous eutectic network to thin discontinuous one, and the distribution of solute elements was also homogenized. The typical negative segregation phenomenon of Cu in common solidification condition was restrained, and the segregation of Mg decreased.

Effect of a Low-Voltage Pulsed Magnetic Field on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ80 Alloy

Effect of a low-voltage pulsed magnetic field(LVPMF)on the solidified microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Al-Zn alloy was studied.When the LVPMF is applied during solidification,the as-cast microstructure is significantly refined and a-Mg is modified from developed dendrite to fine rosette.This morphology modification is caused by the accumulation of Joule heat on dendrite tip.Accumulation of Joule heat on dendrite tip melts the dendrite tip and increases the radius of curvature.The increased radius of curvature at the dendrite tip lowers the growth rate and results in the formation of rosette a-Mg.With the application of the LVPMF,β precipitates,formed in the interdendritic liquid region,are connected to each other due to the smaller dimension of the primary and secondary arms and larger volume fraction of the β precipitates between the dendrites.Experimental results indicate that the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength are both increased under with the application of the LVPMF.However,elongation is slightly decreased with the application of the LVPMF due to the continuous β precipitates.

Microstructure Refinement of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr Alloy Under Pulsed Magnetic Field

The effects of pulsed magnetic field on the solidified microstructure of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy were investigated. Fine uniform equiaxed grains are acquired in the whole ingot by the pulsed magnetic field treatment,and the average grain size of the as-cast φ50 mm and φ100 mm ingots is refined to 37 μm and 47 μm with the pulsed magnetic field.The macrosegregation of solute elements of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy is also reduced by the pulsed magnetic field treatment. Structure refinement is due to the electromagnetic undercooling zone in front of the solid/liquid interface by the magnetic pressure,and reduction of temperature gradient by the vibration of melt resulted from the pulsed magnetic field,which increases the nucleation rate and prohibits dendrite growth.In addition,primary α-Mg dendrites break into fine crystals, resulting in a refined solidification structure of the magnesium alloys.The Joule heat effect induced in the melt also strengthens the grain refinement effect and the spheroidization of dendrite arms.

Al-7Si Alloy Directional Solidification With the Application of a Pulsed Magnetic Field

An experiment on the directional solidification of A1-7Si alloys under the influence of a pulsed magnetic field(PMF)is performed.Maximal peak value of PMF intensity up to 0.226 T between two iron cores was generated when a capacitor bank of 120 μF capacitance with initial voltage of 1000 V was triggered to a pair of solenoids.The PMF decreases the temperature gradient ahead of the liquidus front and increases the width of the mushy zone.In this paper, using Darcy's permeability law and Lehrnann's model,the order of magnitude of the interdendritic liquid flow velocities with the application of PMF is evaluated.

镁合金低压脉冲磁场晶粒细化

提出一种低压脉冲磁场合金晶粒细化技术,分析常规铸造和半连续铸造条件下,低压脉冲磁场对镁合金凝固组织的影响。结果表明:脉冲磁场对AZ31、AZ91D、AZ80、AM60、AS31和Mg-Gd-Y-Zr镁合金均有显著的细化效果。施加脉冲磁场后,初生α-Mg形态发生明显球化,由粗大、发达的枝晶变为细小的蔷薇状,且溶质偏析显著降低。采用商用ANSYS软件分析了电磁力、流场以及焦耳热对熔体的影响规律,从形核和生长角度分析了脉冲磁场下镁合金晶粒细化机制,依据界面稳定性理论提出了脉冲磁场下镁合金晶粒球化模型。

脉冲磁场对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金凝固及力学性能的影响

在Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金凝固过程中施加不同频率的脉冲磁场,研究脉冲磁场对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金凝固的影响。实验结果表明,脉冲磁场使Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金晶粒细化,在频率为5Hz条件下获得最佳的晶粒细化效果,平均晶粒尺寸从未加脉冲磁场条件下的65μm细化到37μm。脉冲磁场的搅拌导致熔体磁过冷及熔体温度梯度降低是晶粒细化的主要原因。脉冲磁场的施加使抗拉强度和延伸率较常规铸造合金分别提高了4.8%、78.5%。

磁场下半连续铸造锭坯微观组织和晶体学特征研究

在半连续铸造亚共晶Al-Fe合金过程中施加直流磁场,利用背散射电子衍射EBSD研究磁场对合金微观组织和晶体学特征的影响。结果表明:直流磁场下合金中的柱状晶转变成层片状孪晶,并且合金的组织转变伴随着晶体择优生长方向从〈100〉到〈110〉的改变。

低频脉冲磁场处理Fe_(78)Si_9B_(13)非晶合金的微观结构及其磁性

研究了低频脉冲磁场处理对非晶合金Fe78Si9B13微观结构及磁性的影响。用非接触红外测温仪对试样的温升进行测量,用穆斯堡尔谱仪、透射电镜等仪器对样品的组织结构、晶化行为进行分析,利用交变梯度磁强计AGM对样品的磁性进行测试。结果表明,低频脉冲磁场处理(脉冲频率f=10～40Hz,磁场强度H=(100～400)×79.6A/m,处理时间t=180～1200s)可在温升?Τ≤7℃的情况下,促进非晶合金Fe78Si9B13发生单相晶化,晶化相为α-Fe(Si),晶粒尺寸为2～10nm,析出量为3%～7%。样品在经过f=40Hz,H=300×79.6A/m,t=300s处理后,获得较好磁性能:Bs=1.74T,Hc=0.13×79.6A?m-1。

脉冲磁场对镁铜合金组织、力学性能及生物腐蚀行为的影响

在生物医用Mg-0.6Cu合金的凝固过程中施加脉冲磁场处理,研究脉冲电压对合金凝固组织、力学性能及生物腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:随着放电电压的增加,在合金凝固组织逐渐细化的同时,第二相的数量也逐渐降低;当脉冲电压为300 V时,合金的屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率均逐渐提高,其较未处理合金分别提高了49.4%、45.7%和114.3%;试样在37℃的SBF溶液中的析氢速率、腐蚀速率和自腐蚀电流密度均逐渐降低,同时,其自腐蚀电位也逐渐向正向移动,这表明合金的耐腐蚀性能逐渐提高。

交变磁场对7050铝合金凝固组织的影响

研究了在交变磁场作用下磁场频率变化对7050铝合金小型方坯静态成型铸坯熔体的弯液面、显微组织以及元素分布的影响。结果表明：当磁场频率为777Hz时弯液面较高；未施加磁场时铸坯的晶粒较粗，存在明显的粗大第二相，而施加磁场后铸坯的组织由细小、均匀的等轴晶构成，第二相基本呈网状分布；施加磁场后合金晶粒明显细化，晶粒尺寸由施加磁场前的171μm减小到121-128μm；施加磁场后，熔体内部金属元素都有部分烧损，当频率为777Hz时，镁、锌、铜三种元素分布比较均匀。

脉冲磁场对AZ91-0.4Ca镁合金凝固组织的影响

研究了在低压脉冲磁场作用下,脉冲电压、脉冲频率、浇注温度和模具预热温度对AZ91-0.4Ca镁合金凝固组织的影响。结果表明:在0~300 V脉冲电压下,随着电压的升高,合金的初生相逐渐细化;在脉冲频率为0~10 Hz内,随着脉冲频率的增加,合金的初生相先细化后粗化,在脉冲频率为5 Hz时,细化效果最好;经脉冲磁场处理后,合金的初生相随着浇注温度的升高逐渐细化,随着模具预热温度的升高逐渐粗化。

Ti和脉冲磁场对Al-4.5Cu合金凝固组织的影响

对比研究了未处理、Ti处理、脉冲磁场处理、Ti-脉冲磁场复合处理对Al-4.5Cu合金凝固组织的影响,同时对比了复合处理条件下不同的脉冲电压对合金凝固组织的影响。研究表明:Ti处理、脉冲磁场处理和复合处理均可以细化合金凝固组织,且复合处理的细化效果最为显著。复合处理条件下,在0~270 V范围内,随着脉冲电压的增加,合金凝固组织逐渐细化,合金的第二相分布情况基本与晶粒大小对应,即晶粒越小,第二相分布越均匀。

机械振动耦合脉冲磁场对GH4169合金组织与性能的影响

研究了脉冲电压、脉冲频率和浇注温度对机械振动耦合脉冲磁场处理GH4169合金凝固组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,在脉冲电压为200~300 V、脉冲频率为1~5 Hz条件下,随着脉冲电压或者脉冲频率的提高,GH4169合金中粗大的树枝晶逐渐转变为细小等轴晶,合金的晶粒尺寸不断减小、等轴晶比例不断增加,合金的抗拉强度不断增加而伸长率有所降低,但都明显高于未施加复合处理的合金;随着浇注温度的升高,未施加复合处理的GH4169合金的平均晶粒尺寸不断增加,而复合处理工艺下合金的平均晶粒尺寸不断减小;相同浇注温度下,机械振动耦合脉冲磁场复合处理的合金的抗拉强度和断后伸长率都明显高于未施加处理的合金;机械振动耦合脉冲磁场复合作用可以明显细化GH4169合金的凝固组织,合金的力学性能大幅度提高。

脉冲电压对消火栓用铝镁铜合金耐热腐蚀性能的影响

为提高消火栓用Al-3.2Mg-0.8Cu合金的耐热腐蚀性能,通过在其凝固时施加脉冲磁场方式来改变其组织性能,并通过试验测试研究了脉冲电压对其组织及耐热腐蚀性能的影响。研究结果表明:不同脉冲磁场条件下合金组织都形成了α-Al和Al 2Cu两相。随着脉冲电压的升高,第二相比例不断降低,合金试样表现出更优耐腐蚀性。在150 V电压下制得的合金试样达到了27.1 mm·a-1的低腐蚀速度,相对于无磁场条件试样表现出更强耐腐蚀性能。无磁场条件下的合金在热腐蚀过程中生成许多大尺寸腐蚀坑。当脉冲电压提高后,热腐蚀坑的深度与横向尺寸都开始变小,表现出了更优耐腐蚀能力。

脉冲磁场固溶处理对A356铝合金组织和性能的影响

将A356铝合金在540℃下的固溶处理过程中施加磁感应强度为33 mT的脉冲磁场,研究脉冲磁场对其显微组织和力学性能的影响。采用电子万能试验机进行拉伸试验,并利用OM、SEM观察A356铝合金的显微组织和断口形貌。结果表明,与传统固溶处理工艺相比,经过脉冲磁场固溶处理后的A356铝合金晶粒细化明显,共晶硅的平均尺寸、平均面积和SDAS值减小,数量增多。A356铝合金在脉冲磁场固溶处理时间为40 min时,与传统固溶工艺下的力学性能并无太大差别,强度略有提升。通过与传统固溶处理工艺对比,脉冲磁场固溶工艺可以在细化晶粒的同时大幅度缩短固溶时间。脉冲磁场固溶时间为40 min时,比传统固溶工艺时间缩短了91.11%,大大提高了生产效率。

脉冲磁场对TC4钛合金表面硬度及微观组织的影响

为强化TC4钛合金的表面硬度,采用脉冲磁场及铜片驱动的方法,对TC4钛合金板材进行了不同电压和冲击次数的试验,并利用显微硬度计、光学显微镜、有限元模拟对试验结果进行分析。结果表明,脉冲磁场冲击能明显提升TC4钛合金板的表面硬度,处理后硬度最高值为376.9 HV0.1,提升率达10.9%,并促进了β相细小均匀分布;另外在一定范围内,高能、多次冲击均是提升TC4钛合金板材表面硬度的有效途径。

脉冲磁场对Mg-Zn-Y合金组织及力学性能的影响

在Mg93Zn6Y1合金凝固过程中施加脉冲磁场处理,主要研究了放电电压对Mg93Zn6Y1合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,施加脉冲磁场对Mg93Zn6Y1合金凝固组织中的初生α-Mg相和准晶相均具有显著的细化效果。随着放电电压的增加,初生α-Mg相尺寸逐渐减小,其形貌由粗大枝晶状逐步转变为细小花瓣状和颗粒状。同时,准晶相也得到逐步细化,其形貌由粗大的连续网络状转化为不连续状和颗粒状,平均宽度和平均面积比分别由26μm和32%减小至10μm和14%。随着放电电压的增加,Mg93Zn6Y1合金的力学性能显著提高。当放电电压为300V时,Mg93Zn6Y1合金的抗拉强度和伸长率分别为172.1 MPa和1.6%,相比未处理合金提高了71.2%和60.0%。

脉冲强磁场拉伸时TC4钛合金的塑变能力和微观组织

在磁感应强度(B)1、3和5 T条件下对TC4钛合金进行拉伸实验处理,研究了B值对合金延伸率、相特征、晶体结构和位错密度等的影响。结果表明:拉伸过程脉冲强磁场的施加提高了钛合金的延伸率,当B=3 T时,合金的延伸率达到最大值12.41%,较未施加磁场试样增长了23.98%,且B=3 T为延伸率从上升到下降的转折点。磁场处理促使了β相向α相的转变,并促进了晶面向着易滑移方向产生了择优取向。位错密度随B值变化呈现先增后减的趋势,在3 T时达到最大值。分析认为位错密度的变化首先是因为磁场下位错应变能增加,其次是磁场促进了自由基对从S态向T态的转变,并从量子尺度分析了最优B值为3 T的理论依据。