The effect of different crystal conditions of filler metal on vacuum brazing of TiAl alloy and 42CrMo

Ti-based filler metals made by transient solidification and normal crystallization were selected for the vacuum brazing of the TiAl alloy and 42CrMo under different processing parameters. The results show that the tensile strength of the joint of transient solidified filler metal is higher than that of normal crystallized filler metal under the same processing parameters. By the analysis of scanning electron microscope（SEM） and X-ray diffracting （XRD） , it is found that the higher strength maybe caused by the generating of TiAl , TiNi and TiCu at the interface of joint made by transient solidified filler metal.

A preliminary study on filler metals for vacuum brazing of Al/Ti

In this paper, nine new filler metals contained Sn and Ga based on Al 11.5Si have been designed for vacuum brazing of Al/Ti. It is found that the addition of Sn and Ga can lower the solidus of filler metal, change the structure of intermetallic compound formed in the joint during brazing, and enhance the strength of joint. But the detail mechanism need further research.

New filler metal systems for the brazing of titanium alloys

It＇ s well known welding takes the leading role in development of titanium structures. However, in number of cases technological processes of brazing are more appropriate and, sometimes, being the single possible, in particular, during production of multilayer thin-wall structures. It should be noted that brazing filler metals of Ti-Cu-Ni, Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni, Zr-Ti-Ni and Cu-Zr-Ti systems in a form of plastic foils, as well as in powder form are mainly used in world practice for brazing of titanium alloys. Present work provides the results of complex investigations of brazing filler metals of Ti-Zr-Fe, Ti-Zr-Mn and Ti-Zr-Co systems using differential thermal analysis, light and scanning microscopy, X-ray microspectrum analysis. Data on melting ranges of pilot alloys were obtained, and liquidas su^Caces of given systems using simplex-lattice method were build. Brazing filler metals covering brazing temperature range of current structural titanium materials based on solid solutions as well as intermetallics were proposed. Structure, chemical inhomogeniety and strength characteristics of brazed joints were studied. It is determined that brazing of solid solution based alloys （OT4, VT6 ） using indicated brazing fiUer metals ensures strength characteristics of joints, which are not inferior to that obtained with application of known brazing filler metals even if they are received at lower brazing temperature.

Microstructures of brazing zone between titanium alloy and stainless steel using various filler metals

Titanium alloy (Ti-Al-V alloy) substrate was brazed with stainless steel (STS304) using filler metal.At an optimized brazing condition,various filler metals were used.Microstructures were observed at each condition.Filler metals were titanium based 40Ti-20Zr-20Cu-20Ni,silver based Ag 5Pd,and nickel based Ni-7Cr-3.1B-4.5Si-3Fe-0.06C (BNi2) and Ni-14Cr-10P-0.06C (BNi7).To select a good filler metal for brazing process,wetting test was performed at 880-1050 °C.It was not brazed using silver based filler metals,but at the conditions using titanium and nickel based filler metals had brazed zone between titanium alloy and stainless steel.However,titanium alloy was eroded during brazing using titanium based filler metals.Nickel based filler metal has a good brazed zone between titanium alloy and stainless steel among the filler metals.

Vacuum brazing TiAl intermetallic to K4169 alloy using amorphous filler metals Ti_(56.25–x)Zr_(x)Ni_(25)Cu1_(8.75)

A series of Ti_(56.25-x)Zr_(x)Ni_(25)Cu1_(8.75)(x=0–25,at.%) filler metals were designed based on a cluster-plus-glue-atom model to vacuum braze TiAl intermetallic to K4169 alloy. The impact of Zr content on the interfacial microstructure and shear strength of joints was examined. And the relationship between the interfacial lattice structure and the fracture behavior of the joint was investigated. The findings reveal a sectionalized characteristic with three reaction zones (Zone I, Zone II and Zone III) in the microstructure of the TiAl intermetallic to K4169 alloy joint. As the Zr content in filler metals increased, the diffusion of Ti transitioned from long-distance to short-distance in Zone I, changing the initial composition from TiNi_(3) /TiNi/NiNb/(Cr, Fe, Ni)SS to NiCrFe/(Cr, Fe, Ni)SS /TiNi. In Zone II, the initial composition altered from TiNi_(3) /TiNi to TiNi/Ti_(2) Ni/TiNi_(3) /TiCu/TiNi. The interface between Zones II and III altered from a non-coherent and semi-coherent interface of TiNi/TiAl/Ti_(3) Al with significant residual stress to a semi-coherent interface of TiNi/TiNi_(3) /TiAl_(2) /Ti_(3) Al with a gradient distribution. The shear strength of the joint initially decreased and then increased. When the Zr content of filler metal was 25 at.%, the shear strength of the joint reached 288 MPa. The crack initiation position changed from non-coherent TiNi/TiAl interface with high angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) and lattice mismatch of 65.86 at.% to a semi-coherent Ti3 Al/TiAl2 interface with a lattice mismatch of 20.07 at.% when the Zr content increased. The brittle fracture was present on the fracture surfaces of all brazed joints.

Brazing 6061 aluminum alloy with Al-Si-Zn filler metals containing Sr

Al-6.5Si-42Zn and Al-6.5Si-42Zn-0.09Sr filler metals were used for brazing 6061 aluminum alloy. Air cooling and water cooling were applied after brazing. Si phase morphologies in the brazing alloy and the brazed joints were investigated. It was found that zinc in the Al-Si filler metals could reduce the formation of eutectic Al-Si phase and lower the brazing temperature at about 520℃. Adding 0.09wt% Sr element into the Al-6.5Si-42Zn alloy caused a-Al phase refinement and transformed acicular Si phase into the finely fiber-like. After water cooling, Zn element dissolved into the Al-Si eutectic area, and η-Zn phase disappeared in the brazed joints. Tensile strength testing results showed that the Sr-modified filler metal could enhance the strength of the brazed joints by 13% than Al-12Si, while water-cooling further improved the strength at 144 MPa.

Saturation phenomenon of Ce and Ti in the modification of Al–Zn–Si filler metal

Cerium and titanium were added to an A1-42Zn-5.5Si brazing alloy, and the subsequent microstructures of the brazing alloy and the 6061 AI alloy brazing seam were investigated. The microstructures of filler metals and brazed joints were characterized by scanning elec- tron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersion spectrometry. A new Ce-Ti phase formed around the silicon phase in the modified filler metal and this saturation phenomenon was analyzed. Interestingly, following brazing of the 6061 alloy, there is no evidence of the Ce--Ti phase in the brazing seam. Because of the mutual solubility of the brazing alloy and base metal, the quantity of the solvent increases, and the solute Ce and Ti atoms assume an undersaturated state.

Effects of Cu, Si, Ni and rare earth elements on melting temperature and properties of Al-Si filler metals

The effects of Cu, Si, Ni and RE elements （ RE = La and Ce ） on the melting temperature of AI-Si filler metals were studied by orthogonal design method. The wettability of the filler metals and the shear strength of 6063 aluminum alloy joints brazed with the different filler metals were measured. The results show that the copper doping content has the most obvious effect on liquidas temperature （ TL ） of the Al-Si filler metals and the effect of RE content on TL is the least. Adding suitable Cu and Si can improve the wettability of the Al-Si filler metals. The shear strength of 6063 aluminum alloy joints brazed with the filler metals SIO, S15 and S20, respectively, is better than that of the joints brazed with HL401 due to the improvement of microstructure. It can improve the shear strength of the joints by brazing with the Ni- or RE-doped Al-Si-Cu filler metals.

Ti_(43.76)Zr_(12.50)Cu_(37.49-x)Ni_(6.25)Co_(x)非晶钎料真空钎焊TC4钛合金/316L不锈钢

根据双团簇模型设计并制备了Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Co系非晶钎料,用于真空钎焊TC4钛合金和316L不锈钢,分析了钎料中Co元素含量对钎焊接头界面微观组织形貌、力学性能及断裂行为的影响规律.结果表明,钎焊接头可划分为TC4/扩散区(Ⅰ区)/钎缝中心区(Ⅱ区)/界面区(Ⅲ区)/316L,界面典型微观组织结构为TC4/β-Ti+Ti_(2)Cu/(Ti,Zr)_(2)(Cu,Ni)+Ti_(2)Cu+Ti_(2)(Cu,Ni)+TiFe/(Fe,Cr)_(2)Ti+α-(Fe,Cr)+τ+γ-(Fe,Ni)+σ/316L,随着Co元素含量的增加,接头剪切强度先升高后降低再升高,当Co元素含量为1.56%时达到最大310 MPa,不添加Co元素时,接头断裂于钎缝中心区(Ⅱ区);当Co元素含量为1.56%~6.24%时,接头断裂于靠近316L母材的界面区(Ⅲ区)附近,断裂模式为典型的解理断裂.

温度和时长对6061铝合金的4004钎料真空钎焊影响研究

以6061-T6铝合金为研究对象,采用4004铝合金作为钎料对其进行真空钎焊,并通过控制钎焊高温段的温度和时长焊接出具有不同钎缝的6061铝合金水冷板。用气密测试台、水浸超声波检测仪、微距摄像机、金相显微镜对试验件的钎焊情况及钎缝微观形貌进行分析表征。结果表明,钎焊高温段温度低或者保温时间短,钎料的流动性不足,钎缝存在脱焊。反之,钎焊高温段温度高或保温时间长则会造成焊缝熔蚀。当炉内真空度≤2.0×10^(-3) Pa时,钎焊高温段温度595℃,保温时间80 min,真空钎焊的6061铝合金焊缝具有良好的成形性和密封性能。

TC4钛合金液冷板与结构件真空钎焊的工艺研究

针对TC4钛合金液冷板与细长结构件真空钎焊存在漏焊,一次焊接成功率低的问题,采用高、低温Ag-Cu基钎料及石墨配重的工艺方法进行钎焊,对钎缝进行了微观金相分析,检测液冷板的极限疲劳寿命、极限耐压强度和流动阻力。结果表明:利用高温Ag-Cu基钎料钎焊的液冷板测试件在1 MPa的极限耐压能力测试中,压力表示数稳定未漏气,在极限疲劳寿命测试过程中,经历2 000次0.5 MPa反复升压,未泄漏和损坏;低温Ag-Cu基钎料钎焊的液冷板测试件则发生漏气,压力表示数变化明显。TC4钛合金液冷板与细长结构件真空钎焊的过程中,高温Ag-Cu基钎料比低温Ag-Cu基钎料的焊接性能好。

AgCuMnNi钎料元素含量对钎焊接头组织及性能的影响

设计了3种成分的AgCuMnNi钎料。3种钎料固液相线温度均处于750~792℃,钎料铸态组织主要由富Ag相与富Cu相组成。随着钎料中Ag含量的增加与Ni,Mn含量的减少,钎料铸态组织中富Ag相占比逐渐增加。在860℃,保温10 min工艺条件下,采用3种钎料真空钎焊YG6X/GH4169, Ag-3(AgCuNi4Mn8)钎料的钎焊接头平均抗拉强度为432.8 MPa,高于Ag-1(AgCuNi11.5Mn21.5)和Ag-2(AgCuNi4Mn11.5)钎料的钎焊接头平均抗拉强度。Ag-3钎料的钎焊接头微观组织中富Cu相与富Ag相分布均匀,而Ag-1与Ag-2中由于Mn含量较多,钎焊过程中生成了高Mn氧化区域,弱化了接头的力学性能。

铝及铝合金钎焊用硬钎料的研究现状与展望

铝及铝合金以其优良的特性,在当代工业材料中占有越来越重要的地位。钎焊作为一种可靠连接铝及铝合金结构件的连接方法而被广泛应用。铝及铝合金钎焊用硬钎料的开发一直是国内外学者争相研究的热点,然而,钎料合金熔化温度高、加工成形性差、钎焊接头强度低等因素严重制约着钎料合金的开发应用,实现商业化的钎料甚少。添加合金元素能够降低钎料熔化温度,改善钎料显微组织和性能,这对铝钎焊用硬钎料的发展是一个行之有效的方法。结合国内外对铝及铝合金钎焊用硬钎料的最新研究成果,全面阐述合金元素的添加对钎料熔化温度、加工成形性及钎焊接头组织性能的影响,指明铝及其合金钎焊用硬钎料目前研究中存在的问题及今后的研究方向。

钛及钛合金钎焊特点及现状

介绍了钛及钛合金钎焊的特点、钎焊性及常用钎焊料;总结了钛合金钎焊接头组织性能随钎焊工艺参数的演化;指出了钛及钛合金钎焊存在的问题,并对钛合金钎焊进行了展望评述。

2A50铝合金钎焊钎料与钎剂的选择

针对2A50铝合金的特点,根据铺展性、填缝性试验,对适合其钎焊的钎料与钎剂作了选择,进行了接头强度试验。结果表明:中温 CsF-AlF_3钎剂具有较高的活性及较好的去膜效果,适合含镁热处理强化型铝合金的钎焊;用 CsF-AlF_3钎剂分别与 Al-Cu-Ag-Zn 钎科及 Zn-Al-Be 钎料匹配钎焊,均可获得较理想的钎焊效果;当搭接间隙为0.2 mm、搭接长度为2.3 mm 时,Zn-Al-Be 钎料与 CsF-AlF_3钎剂匹配钎焊,所得焊接接头的抗剪强度可达143.2 MPa。

Al-Si-Cu-Zn急冷钎料钎焊铝及铝合金的界面结构及强度

采用Al70Si7.5Cu20Zn2.5和Al65Si10Cu20Zn5两种急冷钎料钎焊L2纯铝和6063铝合金,研究钎焊接头的界面微观结构和力学性能。结果表明,急冷钎料钎焊接头由母材、界面区和钎缝中心组成。界面区为αAl固溶体,钎缝中心组织为αAl固溶体+θ(Al2Cu)相+Si相。采用Al65Si10Cu20Zn5急冷钎料钎焊的接头抗剪强度均高于Al70Si-7.5Cu20Zn2.5急冷钎料钎焊的接头强度;匹配氯化物钎剂钎焊的接头强度均高于氟化物钎剂。在相同的工艺条件下,采用急冷钎料钎焊的L2纯铝接头,其抗剪强度都明显高于相应的常规钎料,其增加值在40%左右。

Al-Ti异种合金真空钎焊的研究

在结合界面上生成层状的脆而硬的金属间化合物 (Ti Al3,Ti Al和 Ti3Al)是 Al- Ti异种合金焊接所存在的主要问题。本工作基于国内外研究成果和相关资料 ,利用正交设计原理 ,以 Al- 11.5 Si近共晶合金为基 ,通过添加元素Sn和 Ga形成 9种钎料 ,并利用各新钎料对 Al合金和 Ti合金进行了真空钎焊。通过进行剪切强度试验和铺展性试验 ,对该 9种钎料进行评定。试验结果表明 :含 10 % Sn、 0 .2 0 % Ga的 Al- 11.5 Si铝基钎料铺展性和抗剪强度等方面都具有较好的性能 ,使 Al- Ti异种合金构件达到较好的机械性能。

40Cr钢与YG8硬质合金的真空钎焊工艺研究

选用CuMnNi钎料,对40Cr钢与YG8硬质合金进行真空钎焊试验,研究钎焊温度和Ni中间层对钎焊接头性能的影响,并用三点弯曲试验确定最佳工艺参数;通过使用扫描电镜观察显微组织及能谱分析钎料中各元素在母材中的扩散情况,并结合钎料在40Cr钢和YG8硬质合金上铺展的润湿角的比较,探讨了该钎料与母材的结合性能。结果表明,采用0.2 mm Ni中间层在1020℃下钎焊,钎料与母材、中间层结合较好,无裂纹等缺陷,强度有一定提高。

6061铝合金真空钎焊技术的发展

分析了6061铝合金真空钎焊的焊接性和钎焊难点,简述了国内外关于6061铝合金真空钎焊技术的发展历程和研究现状。国内外对6061铝合金钎焊钎料的研究主要集中在Al-Si、Al-Si-Ge(Cu,Mg)和Al-Si-La(Ce)等体系,较详细地介绍了这些钎料体系的构成及钎焊工艺。通过在Al-Si系中加入Cu、Mg、Ge和稀土元素,以达到降低钎焊温度、提高润湿性和改善钎焊性能的目的。指出了目前6061铝合金真空钎焊技术存在的问题及其今后的发展方向。

Al-Si-Cu-Zn钎料钎焊3003铝合金的接头组织及力学性能

采用自制的Al-Si-Cu-Zn钎料对3003铝合金进行钎焊实验,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、能谱仪对接头微观组织和断口进行分析,并研究了钎焊温度对接头组织和性能的影响。结果表明：在540~580℃保温10min工艺下钎焊3003铝合金,均可获得良好的钎焊效果。钎焊接头均由钎缝中心区的α（Al）固溶体、θ（Al2Cu）金属间化合物、细小Si相和AlCuFeMn＋Si相,两侧扩散区的α（Al）固溶体与元素扩散层以及母材组成;钎焊接头室温剪切断裂于扩散区齿状α（Al）/钎缝中心区的交界面,断口主要呈脆性解理断裂特征。随着钎焊温度的升高,扩散区的α（Al）固溶体晶粒长大,接头结合界面犬牙交错;当钎焊温度为560℃,保温10min时,接头的室温抗剪强度达到最大值92.3MPa,约为母材强度的62.7%。