Synthesis of Ceramic Tiles Reinforced with Addition of Aluminum Particulate Waste

Research conducted on ceramic materials has been investigating the incorporation of solid waste into their formulations,driven by the proper disposal of such waste and the reduction of negative environmental impacts.This study analyzed the effects of adding aluminum powder residue to the physical properties of ceramic masses with the aim of obtaining new formulations for ceramic tiles.The aluminum residue and the standard mass for ceramic tile production were chemically characterized and homogenized to obtain new formulations with the incorporation of 4%,6%,8%,and 10%aluminum powder in the ceramic mass.The specimens were uniaxially pressed and sintered at a temperature of 1,200°C for 2 h,undergoing three different temperatures(100°C,400°C,and 650°C)for 30 min each.They were evaluated for WA(water absorption),RLq(linear shrinkage),SEM(scanning electron microscopy),and TRF(flexural strength)modulus.The results demonstrate that the addition of aluminum powder residue is feasible in the proposed formulations(4%,6%,8%,and 10%),as they enhance the mechanical properties of the ceramics compared to the formulation with 0%residue,at a sintering temperature of 1,200°C.

A Novel Adsorbent Prepared by Aluminum-Containing Waste Residue and Its Application for Congo Red Wastewater Decolorization

Modified aluminum slag (MAS) was applied as an adsorbent for Congo red (CR) prepared by the hydrothermal treatment of Ca(OH)2. At 25°C, with a MAS dosage of 0.3 g, initial CR concentration of 100 mg/L and initial pH = 5, and the adsorption time was 40 min, the CR removal efficiency was 98.41%. The adsorption trend of CR conformed to the second-order kinetics, and the adsorption isotherm follows the Freundlich isotherm model. Compared with RAS, MAS has a larger pore volume and specific surface area. The mechanism of action of MAS on CR was the interaction between membrane diffusion and internal diffusion, and the adsorption rate during the membrane diffusion was the fastest.

Study on the In-situ Synthesis of Aluminum Titanate Sintered by Waste Aluminum Slag

Aluminum titanate was in-situ synthesized by using industrial waste-residue in the aluminum factory and TiO2 as the main raw materials and the influence of different reaction temperatures on the purity and microstructures of synthesized products were mainly discussed. The obtained Al2TiO5 was characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and relevant analytical software. The results show that elevating the sintering temperature can increase the content of aluminum titanate; and at 1420 ℃, it reaches the highest in the synthesized ceramic. When the sintering temperature continues to increase, the produced aluminum titanate will decompose resulting in the drop of its content. Therefore, the optimum sintering temperature of in-situ synthesis of aluminum titanate is determined as 1420 ℃, at which the grains of aluminum titanate grow completely, the purity of aluminum titanate is 89.3wt%., the highest density is 2.75 g/cm^3, and the porosity is 9%.

Dissolution kinetics of aluminum and iron from coal mining waste by hydrochloric acid

The extrartion of aluminum from coal mining waste(CMW) is an important industrial process.The two major problems in applications are low aluminum dissolution efficiency and high iron content in the raw material,which affect the quantity and quality of products.To improve the aluminum recovery process,the leaching kinetics of CMW with hydrochloric acid was studied.A shrinking core model was used to investigate aluminum and iron dissolution kinetics.Based on the kinetic characteristics,a process for recovering aluminum was proposed and tested experimentally.It is found that the aluminum leaching reaction is controlled by surface reaction at low temperatures(40-80℃) and by diffusion process at higher temperatures(90-106℃).The iron dissolution process is dominated by surface reaction at 40-100℃.The results show that iron could be dissolved or separated by concentrated hydrochloric acid.Fine grinding will improve aluminum dissolution significantly.

Influence of Pore-expansion Agent on the Structure and Performance of Activated Alumina Synthesized from Waste Aluminum Sludge

The chemical compositions of the sludge after treatment are tested by fully chemical analysis techniques. Its crystalline phase structure changes of the sludge calcined at different temperature are characterized by XRD method. Nitrogen gas isothermal adsorption method （77 K） is applied to measure the influences of ammonium bicarbonate on specific surface area and pore structure of activated alumina synthesized from waste aluminum sludge. The result shows that the amount of Al2O3 in the sludge accounts for more than 94%, and Na2Owt% in a 0.1-0.2% range. By calcining raw sludge at 600℃, monophase γ-Al2O3 is obtained. And this can satisfy the performance requirements of activated alumina adsorbent. The specific surface area of the specimen with NH4HCO3 added has expanded from 179 to 249 m^2/g and the pore volume from 0.25 to 1.11 cm^3/g as well as the average pore diameter from 5.6 to 17.8 nm. All these show that NH4HCO3 is an effective pore-expansion agent to remarkably improve the structure and performance of activated alumina synthesized from waste aluminum sludge.

Synthesis of Calcium Hexaluminate from Waste Slag of Aluminum and Oyster Shell

Waste aluminum slag and oyster shell were used as raw materials to synthesize calcium hexaluminate（CA6）. The effects of different source materials of CaO and sintering temperature on the structures and properties of CA6 were investigated,respectively. The results show that compared to calcium oxide,oyster shell can lower the formation temperature of CA6,hence CA6 can be detected at 1300 ℃ by using oyster shell as the starting raw materials. Increasing the sintering temperature can promote the crystal growth. CA6 crystals show typical platelet shape,and its optimum sintering temperature falls in the 1450～1550 ℃ region. The bulk density is 1.54～1.83 g/cm^3,the apparent porosity is 44.1～55.2% and the flexural strength is 10.8～25.3 MPa.

Recycling of waste aluminum scraps to fabricate sulfidated zero-valent iron-aluminum particles for enhanced chromate removal

Massive waste aluminum scraps produced from the spent aluminum products have high electron capacity and can be recycled as an attractive alternative to materials based on zerovalent iron(Fe^(0))for the removal of oxidative contaminants from wastewater.This study thus proposed an approach to fabricate micron-sized sulfidated zero-valent iron-aluminum particles(S-Al^(0)@Fe^(0))with high reactivity,electron selectivity and capacity using recycled waste aluminum scraps.S-Al^(0)@Fe^(0)with a three-layer structure contained zero-valent aluminum(Al^(0))core,Fe^(0) middle layer and iron sulfide(FeS)shell.The rates of chromate(Cr(Ⅵ))removal by S-Al^(0)@Fe^(0)at pH 5.0-9.0 were 1.6-5.9 times greater than that by sulfidated zero-valent iron(S-Fe^(0)).The Cr(Ⅵ)removal capacity of S-Al^(0)@Fe^(0)was 8.2-,11.3-and 46.9-fold greater than those of S-Fe0,zero-valent iron-aluminum(Al^(0)-Fe^(0))and Fe^(0),respectively.The chemical cost of S-Al^(0)@Fe^(0) for the equivalent Cr(Ⅵ)removal was 78.5%lower than that of S-Fe^(0).Negligible release of soluble aluminum during the Cr(Ⅵ)removal was observed.The significant enhancement in the reactivity and capacity of S-Al^(0)@Fe^(0)was partially ascribed to the higher reactivity and electron density of the Al0core than Fe^(0).More importantly,S-Al^(0)@Fe^(0) served as an electric cell to harness the persistent and selective electron transfer from the Al^(0)-Fe^(0) core to Cr(Ⅵ)at the surface via coupling Fe^(0)-Fe^(2+)-Fe^(3+)redox cycles,resulting in a higher electron utilization efficiency.Therefore,S-Al^(0)@Fe^(0) fabricated using recycled waste aluminum scraps can be a cost-effective and environmentally-friendly alternative to S-Fe^(0) for the enhanced removal of oxidative contaminants in industrial wastewater.

Researches on the Structure and Properties of Mullite Solid Solution Made from Industrial Waste

The waste slag from aluminum profile factory and silicon fine powder from ferroalloy factory were utilized as the main raw materials to synthesize mullite solid solution Al4＋2xSi2-xO10-x/2, whose defect formation mechanism, crystalline phase composition, crystal cell parameters, microstructures and morphologies were characterized in detail by XRD and SEM. The results show that because of the ultrafine particle size of the materials, the content of mullite solid solution synthesized by this method is higher than that by regular method. Keywords： waste slag from aluminum factory, silicon fine powder, mullite, solid solution