Effect of Copper Content on Compressive Strength and Microstructure of Dental Amalgams

The main goal of this research is to investigate the effect of copper on compressive strength of dental amalgam. For this purpose amalgam capsules with two different content of copper were used. Cylindrical samples with diameter to height ratio 1 to 2, were prepared via molding method. To evaluate the role of copper element on compressive strength, com-pression test was done at different strain rates i.e. 0.02, 0.2, 0.4 and 2 min–1. The results and microscopic evaluations showed that an increase in copper content in amalgam caused to eliminate gamma2 phase and leaded to promote compressive strength.

Natural Silicate as a Solid Support for the Calix[4]Thiophosphorus Derivative for Removal Mercury (II), as Picrate from Water

Currently a technique widely used for gold extraction is mercury by amalgamation technique, the tailing produced pollutes water of all kinds, so it is necessary to develop a form of selective mitigation, for which it is necessary to use complexing agents based on calixarene functionalized with mercury sequestering agents. These are immobilized by adding supports based on natural silica to form polymers and make them insoluble in all types of solvents, so that they can be used as an extractor and at the same time regenerate to their original properties for continuous reuse.

The Dual of the Two-Variable Exponent Amalgam Spaces (Lq(),lp())(Ω)

Wiener amalgam spaces are a class of function spaces where the function’s local and global behavior can be easily distinguished. These spaces are ex-tensively used in Harmonic analysis that originated in the work of Wiener. In this paper: we first introduce a two-variable exponent amalgam space (Lq(),lp())(Ω). Secondly, we investigate some basic properties of these spaces, and finally, we study their dual.

Amalgams of Rank 2 and Characteristic 3 Involving M_(11)

In this paper we investigate the amalgams (M11,X) of rank 2 and characteristic 3,where X is a group of Lie type of rank 1 or permutation group of low rank,and give a characterization of the 3 local subgroups of the finite sporadic groups Co3 of Ly and Suz.

Hardy-Littlewood极大算子在Wiener Amalgam空间中的有界性

本文应用Wiener amalgam 空间的嵌入关系,证明了 Hardy-Littlewood 极大算子 M 的W(FLp,Lq)有界性和Wiener amalgam 空间中的弱(1,1)性。

结合蒸汽和空气注入修复多孔介质中DNAPL污染物的多目标多相流模拟优化

基于数值方法模拟对比分析仅注入蒸汽与同时注入蒸汽和空气两种情形下原位曝气方法修复多孔介质中DNAPL污染物(以TCE为例)的修复过程。结果显示蒸汽的注入速率和焓值对蒸汽锋面在含水层中的运移速率影响显著;同时注入蒸汽和空气能够有效抑制只注入蒸汽时出现的DNAPL再冷凝现象,从而提高修复效率。基于模拟-优化方法对同时注入蒸汽和空气修复的理想范例建立了多目标多相流优化模型,采用一种自适应通用多目标优化算法AMALGAM求解Pareto锋面。优化结果表明基于混合优化框架的AMALGAM优化算法能有效综合利用多种独立进化算法的优点,自适应地根据独立进化算法的优劣生成子代,保证子代种群最优,收敛速度较NSGA算法更快。

寒区岩屑堆中汞化合物行为研究(英文)

At gold mining in the 19th～20th centuries on technogenous deposits of cryolitozone, considerable amounts of mercury-containing elements (amalgams) have been accumulated. Urgency of their utilization is caused by necessity of providing safe vital activity. It can be achieved when elaborating up-to-date technologies providing self-support of utilization as a consequence of extracting precious metals. Difficulty of this problem realization is caused by the absence of theoretical and applied elaborations of making the appropriate works in cryolitozone. The main trends of the problem solving on the grounds of creating scientific method foundations for investigating the cryolitozone amalgams transformation have been considered in the paper. Dynamics has been shown and the revealed regularities of their transformation, testifying of the occurrence of hydrometallurgic processes in cryolitozone massifs in situ, resulted in the decline of gold reserves at decreasing dispersity and increasing hallmarking, have been analyzed.

Building,Amalgam和关联几何(II)——Building和关联几何

这里将要介绍的Building和关联几何的主要思想和不少理论都是由Tits提出和创立的.Tits最初提出Building这个几何结构是为了对例外复李群的存在加以几何解释.1955年Chevalley发表了李型群的开创性文章[9].文章中给出了一个一般性方法,使得对每一个复的单李代数和任何一个域,都构造出一个相应的李型群.这样一来,任意域上的例外李型群都获得了一个几何解释.但是,Tits所提出的Building这个几何结构对于研究相应群的各种性质仍然具有基本的意义,从而在有限李型单群的结构理论和表示论。

PA-DDS算法在HBV模型参数优化中的应用

影响水文模型预报精度的因素有很多,其中模型参数的优化对模拟结果起到至关重要的作用,目前用于参数优化的方法包括单目标优化和多目标优化两种。随着参数率定方法研究的深入,多目标分析问题越来越受到关注。Pareto存档动态维度搜索(Pareto-Archived Dynamically Dimensioned Search,PA-DDS)作为多目标优化算法,通过在求解过程中动态存储Pareto前沿以防止最优解的丢失,在寻优速度以及解的稳定性方面比较有优势。精英非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)具有寻优速度快、解集收敛性能好等优点,已经成为检验其他多目标优化算法性能的标准;AMALGAM算法通过对四种相关算法分配权重从而实现信息交换同时寻优,解的收敛性能较好。因此本文将PA-DDS算法与AMALGAM算法和精英非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)在收敛性能方面进行了对比,并将非劣解分布的均匀性及解的相似性方面与AMALGAM进行比较,利用尼泊尔巴格玛蒂河流域2005-2011年期间实测洪水日径流过程资料作为HBV模型参数率定系列,运用PA-DDS算法对模型参数进行优化,得出Pareto最优解,并利用2013年5场洪水日径流过程进行模型检验。结果表明:PA-DDS算法比AMALGAM算法能够更快地得到Pareto最优解且解的质量较好,拟合历史洪水平均确定性系数达到0.86,模型预报精度高,表明PA-DDS优化算法在解决多参数多目标优化问题中具有优势。

AMALGAM算法在HBV模型参数优化中的应用

针对种群数量众多且参数率定耗时的情况,对比分析了AMALGAM算法与非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)的收敛性能,利用尼泊尔巴格玛蒂河流域2005~2011年期间实测洪水日径流过程资料作为HBV模型参数率定系列,运用AMALGAM算法对模型参数进行优化,得出Pareto协调最优解,并利用2012年5场洪水日径流过程进行模型检验。结果表明,AMALGAM算法较NSGA-Ⅱ算法能够更快地得到协调最优解且解的质量较好,拟合历史洪水平均确定性系数达0.84,预报精度较高,表明AMALGAM优化算法在解决多参数多目标优化问题中具有优势。

The Boundedness of Littlewood-Paley Operators with Rough Kernels on Weighted (L^q , L^p )~α (R^n) Spaces

In this paper, we shall deal with the boundedness of the Littlewood-Paley operators with rough kernel. We prove the boundedness of the Lusin-area integral μΩs and Littlewood-Paley functions μΩ and μλ^＊ on the weighted amalgam spaces （Lω^q,L^p）^α（R^n）as 1〈q≤α〈p≤∞.

Building,Amalgam和关联几何(I)—BN偶与Amalgam

序言 1980年2月,有限单群分类定理宣告“完成”了。几十年以来,围绕着这一定理(或称领域),形成了一支数百人的强大队伍,共中数以十计的人可以毫无愧色地跻身于“世界级”数学家之林。随着这一定理的完成,这支浩浩荡荡的队伍也发生了分化,其中一部分人为简化当时长达万余页的证明而呕心沥血;还有一部分人则利用分类定理及在分类过程中所产生的新思想和新方法,去证明一些历史上悬而未决的难题,或者去开拓新的领域。

平移不变空间的非均匀采样

为了从采样值稳定和惟一地重建信号f(x),函数在采样集{xj,j∈Z}上的采样值{f(xj),j∈Z}要满足A‖f‖pLp≤∑j∈Z|f(xj)|p≤B‖f‖pLp.本文研究在平移不变空间Vp[φ]中使上式成立的条件,在几种情况下,得到了使上式成立的采样条件,并建立了由采样值重建f(x)的重建算法,该算法比一般的迭代重建算法收敛更快.

Electromagnetic Waves Collected by a Dental Amalgam Filling Induced Balance Dysregulation and Dizziness over a Period Exceeding 10 Years

This case report describes a woman aged approximately 50 years who has suffered from balance dysregulation and dizziness for more than 10 years. Although the subject underwent several examinations to confirm the etiology of her symptoms, the root cause remained unknown. The symptoms were thought to be caused by electromagnetic wave hypersensitivity because the subject experienced uneasiness and dizziness when a cell phone was held close to her body. A cell phone was used to diagnose the collection of harmful electromagnetic waves, and an amalgam filling was determined to be the cause. The amalgam filling was removed under strict protection, and the subject’s symptoms completely disappeared soon after the filling was removed.

3D modeling of deepwater turbidite lobes:a review of the research status and progress

Deepwater turbidite lobe reservoirs have massive hydrocarbon potential and represent one of the most promising exploration targets for hydrocarbon industry.Key elements of turbidite lobes internal heterogeneity include the architectural hierarchy and complex amalgamations at each hierarchical level leading to the complex distribution of shale drapes.Due to limitation of data,to build models realistically honoring the reservoir architecture provides an effective way to reduce risk and improve hydrocarbon recovery.A variety of modeling techniques on turbidite lobes exist and can be broadly grouped into pixel-based,process-based,process-oriented,surface-based,object-based and a hybrid approach of two or more of these methods.The rationale and working process of methods is reviewed,along with their pros and cons.In terms of geological realism,object-based models can capture the most realistic architectures,including the multiple hierarchy and the amalgamations at different hierarchical levels.In terms of data conditioning,pixel-based and multiple-point statistics methods could honor the input data to the best degree.In practical,dif?ferent methods should be adopted depending on the goal of the project.Such a review could improve the understanding of existing modeling methods on turbidite lobes and could benefit the hydrocarbon exploration activities of such reservoirs in offshore China.

Near-Dead Cells to Special Tetraploidy to First Cells to Cancer Diagnostic Morphology: Unlikely Therapy-Gain from For-Profit Industrial Goliath

The objective in this experimental article is to gain evidential proof of near-dead cells, (sick-cells in relapse tumor) responding with recovery growth from special 4n, multi-chromatid chromosomes. Note, near-dead normal human cells with such converted chromosome structure gave rise to proliferative, fitness-gained, diploid first cells, which further gave rise to three different cell shape changed, recovery growth patterns. Previously, two cell shape changes had been recovered from same type normal human cells, transiently exposed to amino acid glutamine deficient growth medium with recovery growths also associated with presence of the special 4n cells. The 4n cell-division had been concluded to be a meiotic-like two-step division system to the fitness-gained diploid cells in numerous experiments. The main characteristics of this division system, was firstly whole genomes without polar oriented bent centromeres moving apart followed by much rarer simple fission division to two or three diploid cells, selectable for first cell proliferation. In general these 4n cells showed metaphase type rosette figures moving apart not in the normal spindle associated mitotic shape with centromeres polar-pointing with sloping arms. This sequence of events induced by glutamine-deficiency, was earlier shown to cause DNA breakage in metabolic studies however, the near-death condition was only assumed from normal fibro-blastic cell-sheet shrinkage. This was rectified by an RNA virus (Coxakie-B3), which virology known is a highly cell killing virus (4+ CPE on their scale). This virus replicates only in replicating cells, which led to recovery growths with progressive phenotypic cell-shape changes (spindle, polygonal and roundness cells), each intervened by “total” cell destruction. These three different growth patterns had morphologies, indistinguishably from today’s cancer diagnostic morphologies. “Mitotic” analyses of beginning growths for the three phenotypes revealed the special rosette figure separations from special 4n and higher ploidy level cells, and also total absence of spindle type mitoses. Tumorigenesis-relevant was centromere-puffing with premature chromatid separation, and chromatin compaction, a mechanism, that was suggested to protect the genome from damage (text). We suggest that the multi-chromatid polyploid cells with their genome reductive division system, can be a tractable in vitro model system for therapy information, when repeated from a cell-killing agent, producing virus-free recovery growths. Will it be enacted upon? Not likely with profit-greedy industrial Goliath in the helm of cancer research. But, a not for profit cancer organization, could change this appalling situation.

两个算子在Amalgam空间(L^q,L^p)~α上的有界性

设多线性Calderón-Zygmund算子T^A,强奇异Calderón-Zygmund算子T及其交换子[b,T]在L^p上有界,利用调和分析的方法,证明它们在Amalgam空间(L^q,L^p)~α上的有界性,并得到从Amalgam空间(L^q,L^p)~α到Amalgam空间(L^q,L^p)~α的结果,推广了一些现有的结论。

改进的AMALGAM算法在TOPMODEL参数优化中的应用

水文模型参数的优化对模拟结果至关重要,参数率定方法中的多目标分析方法备受关注。将具有继承性的精英非支配排序遗传算法(i-NSGA-Ⅱ)与多目标涡流粒子种群算法(MOVPSO)分别作为NSGA-Ⅱ算法与PSO算法的改进算法,与AMS算法及DE算法共同寻优,提出改进的遗传自适应多目标算法(AMALGAM算法),以超体积、收敛性度量及多样性度量作为算法性能评价指标,对比改进的AMALGAM算法与AMALGAM算法的解集性能。选出较优算法,并结合实例对基于地形指数的水文模型(TOPMODEL)进行参数率定,得出Pareto最优解。结果表明改进的AMALGAM算法优于AMALGAM算法,模型预报精度较高,在解决多参数多目标优化问题中具有优势。

Risk aspects of dental restoratives: From amalgam to tooth-colored materials

Dental materials' choice of patients has considerably changed. Whereas cast gold and amalgam have been the predominant biomaterials for decades, today toothcolored materials like resin-based composites and ceramics are more and more successful. However, are we going to replace a good but biologically questionable material(amalgam) with an equal material(resin composite) being more esthetic but also biologically questionable? For amalgam, long-term clinical studies reported some significant hints that in single cases amalgam may be a health hazard for patients, finally Norway banned amalgam completely. The main advantage of a resin-based composite over amalgam is its tooth-like appearance and more or less absence of extensive preparation rules. For many years it was believed that resin-based composites may cause pulpal injury. However, pulpal injury associated with the use of resin-based composites is not correlated with their cytotoxic properties. Nevertheless, resin-based composites and other dental materials require rigorous safety evaluation and continuous monitoring to prevent adverse events similar like with amalgam. Because of nonbiocompatible pulp responses to resin-based composites and amalgam, they should not be placed in direct contact with the dental pulp. The less dentin remaining in the floor of preparations between resin-based composites or other dental materials is more likely to cause pulpitis. Percentage of patients and dental practitioners who display allergic reactions is between 0.7% and 2%. The release of cytotoxic monomers from resin-based materials is highest after polymerization and much lower after 1 wk. Substances released from resin-based composites have been shown to be toxic in cytotoxicity tests. Nevertheless, in vitro cytotoxicity assays have shown that amalgam has greater toxic effects than resin-based composites, sometime 100-700-fold higher. Altogether, the risk of side-effects is low, but not zero, especially for dental personnel.

APPLICATION OF COAL GOLD AGGLOMERATION PROCESS TO GOLD RECOVERING FROM AMALGAMATION TAILINGS

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